Phương hướng và giải pháp chuyển dịch cơ cấu ngành kinh tế vùng bắc trung bộ đến năm 2010

DHKTQD liv -ii/a BQã GIAO DUC VA DAO TAâ ã • TRVdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN TRAN NGQC HLJNG PHUONG HUdNG VA GIAI PHAP CHUYiN DICH CO CAU NGANH KINH VUNG BAC TRUNG BO BEN NAM 20 LUAN VAN TH4C SI KINH Tfi HA NQI - 2003 BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN TRAN NGOC HUNG _ — n PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP CHUYEN D|CH CO CAU NGANH KINH TE VUNG BAC TRUNG BO DEN NAM 2010 LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE Chuyen nganh: Kinh te phat trien NGUOl HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: TS LE HUY DUC Ha Noi - 2003 Ldl CAM ON Trong then gian hoc cao hoc tai Trudng dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, dupe sir quan tarn va giup cua Khoa Sau Dai hoc, Khoa Ke hoach va Phat trien ciing cac khoa, mo mon chuyen nganh khac da giup toi hoan chuong trinh cao hoc chuyen nganh Kinh te Phat trien Toi xin chan bay to long biet on, kinh den cac Thay, Cd da true tiep quan ly, giang day va hudng din toi nhung van dd kinh te xa hoi rat quan vdi cac phuong phap nghien ctru va tiep can khoa hoc ca ve ly luan va thuc tidn Toi xin bay to long biet on, kinh Thay giao Tien si Le Huy Due ngudi da true tiep hudng dan va tao dieu kien thuan lqi cho toi hoan ban luan van Yeu cau cua cac ban luan van cao hoc rat cao, nhung thdi gian nghien cuu va nang luc co han, nen luan van khong tranh khdi nhung han che Tac gia mong se co dip di sau hon nua vide tiep tuc nghien ctru de tai va nhan dupe chi dan, gop y sau sac cua cac Thay, Cd, cac dong nghiep, cac nha khoa hoc de’ cong trinh dupe hoan thien hon Ha Noi, 02 thang nam 2003 Ngudi thuc hien Tran Ngoc Hung Chuyen vien Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu MUC LUC CHUONG I: NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE CO CAU KINH TE VA CHUYEN DICH CO CAU KINH TE 1.1 Co cau kinh te va chuyen dich chuyen dich co cau kinh te 1.1.1 Co chu kinh te 1.1.2 Chuyen dich co cau kinh te va qui luat bien cua co cau kinh te 1.2 Cac nhan to tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te 1.2.1 Nhom cac yeu to khach quan 1.2.2 Nhom cac yen to chu quan 10 1.3 Cac ly thuet co ban ve co cau kinh te kinh te 11 1.3.1 Quan diem kinh te hoc Mac xft 12 1.3.2 Kinh te hoc thuoc trao luu chinh thong 13 1.3.3 Quan diem ve cac giai doan phat trien kinh te 14 1.3.4 Quan diem ve hai khu vuc phat trien 15 1.4 Kinh nghiem chuyen dich co cau kinh te b nude ngoai va 15 nude 1.4.1 Kinh nghiem o nude ngoai 15 1.4.2 Kinh nghiem nude 18 CHUONG H: THUC TRANG CO CAU KINH TE NGANH KINH 19 TE VUNG BAC TRUNG BO THdl KY 1991 DEN NAM 2002 2.1 Dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te xa hoi vung Bac Trung bo 2.1.1 Dieu kien dia ly tu nhien 19 19 2.1.2 Dac diem kinh t£ xa hoi 23 2.1.2.1 Co so tang 23 2.1.2.2 Giao due xa hoi va nguon nhan luc 26 2.2 Danh gia chung ve chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te BSc 28 Trung bo thbi ky 1991-2002 2.2.1 Khai quat ve tang trudng va chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te BSc Trung bo 2.2.2 Chuyen dich co cau kinh te noi bo cac nganh kinh te 2.2.2.1 Nong, lam, nghiep 2.2.2.1.1 Noi bo nganh nong nghiep a Trong trot b Chan nuoi 2.2.2.2 Chuyen dich co cau kinh te noi bo nganh lam 30 30 33 33 37 38 nghiep 2.2.2.3 Chuyen dich co cau kinh te noi bo nganh ngu 41 ngiep 2.2.2.2 Cong nghiep 43 2.2.2.2.1 Chuyen dich co cau noi bo cac phan nganh cong 44 nghiep 2.2.2.2.2 Chuyen dich cong nghiep theo phan kinh te 46 2.2.2.3 Dich vu 49 2.2.2.3.1 Nganh thuong mai 49 2.2.2.3.2 Thuc trang phat trien cac nganh dich vu khac 53 2.3 Nhung ket luan rut tu thuc trang chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te bCc trung bo thbi ky 1991-2002 2.3.1 Nhung tuu co ban 54 2.3.2 Nhung han che 56 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan chu yeu 57 CHUONG III: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP CHUYEN DICH 58 CO CAU NGANH KINH TE BAC TRUNG BO HEN NAM 2010 3.1 Nhung can cu khoa hoc xac dinh phuong hudng, mcc tieu 58 chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te vung bCc trung bo 3.1.1 Xuat phat th chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dat 58 nudc va dia phuong 3.1.2 Tiem nang va loi the so sanh cua BCc Trung bo 59 a Vi tri dia ly thuan loi 59 b Tiem nang tai nguyen 59 c Nguon nhan luc roi dao, gia lao dong tuong doi thap, kha 59 nang phat trien ky nang lao dong cao 3.1.3 Xu hudng phat trien khoa hoc cong nghe 60 3.1.4 Xu the hoi nhap kinh te the gidi, toan cau hoa 60 3.1.5 Du bao kha nang chuyen dich co cau kinh te 61 3.2 Quandiem,pphctag hhodg vv muctieu chuyen dich c oc au 66 kinh te 3.2.1 Quua duim chuaen dicbi cc ccu nnann kirin te BBc Traun 66 bo 3.2.1.1 Du tien phat trien vung theo huong tirong tarn, tiriing diem, cong tac qui hoach phai di trudc mot budc 62 3.2.1.2 Phat huy toi da noi luc, tranh thu ngudn luc th ben ngoai 62 3.2.1.3 Bao dam phat trien hieu qua, ben vung 63 3.2.1.4 Khai thac va tan dung toi da loi the so sanh cua vung 63 3.2.2 Nhung muc tieu phat trien kinh te xa hoi vung Bic Trung 64 bo thdi ky den nam 2010 3.2.3 Dinh huong phat trien cac nganh 66 3.2.3.1 Dinh hudng chung 66 3.2.3.2 Lua chon co cau nganh kinh te cu the 67 3.2.4 Dinh huong phat trien tung nganh cu the 73 3.2.4.1 Nong, lam, ngu nghiep 73 3.2.4.1.1 Huong chuyen dich co cau nganh nong nghiep 74 a Trong trot 74 b Nganh chan nuoi 77 3.2.4 1.2 Hucmg chuyyn dich co can noi bb ngann am nghiep 77 3.2.4.1.3 Hucon chuyyn dicti co ecu nni bb troon nc^g^r^ii nn^u 19 nghipp 3.242 Cong gghipp 80 3.2.4.2.1 Nhnnh c6gh nhhiPp che bien 82 3.2.4.2.2 Ngngh cogh nhhiPp san xua't va phan phoi dien, nuoc, 84 khf 3.2.4.2.3 Nhngh cong ghUiPp khai thac 85 3.2.4.3 Dicii vv 86 3.2.4.3.1 Ng^n thuung mai 87 3.24.3.2 NgnnU du lich va dich vu khac 88 3.3 cac giai phap thuc day chuyen dich cc cau nganh kinh te 89 Bhc Trygg bd 3.3.1 Tien UngU qyi hoach, xap xep lai cCc ggngU 89 3.3.1.1 Qyi hoach hong thn 89 3.3.1.2 Qyi hoach phCt trinh ggngh 90 3.3.1.2.1 Qyi hoach phCt tring gogg gghiep 90 3.2.1.2.2 Qyi hoach phCt tring cogg gghiep 91 3.2.1.2.3 Qyi hoach phCt tring thuogg mai, dich vu 91 3.3.2 Tagg cubug hyy dogg vog day tu diey chigh co cUu day 91 tu 3.3.3 PhCt tring thi truogg 93 3.3.4 Tagg cubgg giCo duc dno tao, Cp dugg ti£h bo khoa hoc 95 cogg gghe 3.3.5 Hong thieg co che chfgh sCch 98 3.3.6 Giai phCp ve to chuc diey hnnh 99 KET LUAN 101 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 103 DANH MUC BANG BIEU Ky hieu Ten bang, bieu Trang Bang Dat dai Bac Trung bo phan theo muc dich su dung 20 Bang So lupng va chat lupng duong giao thong 23 Bang He thong dien, phat thanh, truyen hinh va buu 24 chinh vien thong Bang Tang truong kinh te ca nudc va Bac Trung bo 28 Bang Co cau nganh kinh te Bac Trung bo so vdi cac 29 vung khac Bang Co cau nganh kinh te Bac Trung bo 91-2002 30 Bang Co cau nong, lam, ngu nghiep 31 Bang Co cau noi bo nganh nong, lam, ngu nghiep 33 Bang Co cau nganh trot 34 Bang 10 Co cau theo san lupng lua 35 Bang 11 San lupng va dien tich cay cong nghiep chinh 36 Bang 12 Co cau noi bo nganh chan nuoi 37 Bang 13 So lupng dan gia suc 38 Bang 14 Co cau nganh lam nghiep 39 Bang 15 San pham lam nghiep chu yeu 40 Bang 16 Co cau nganh thuy san 41 Bang 17 San pham thuy san chu yeu 42 Bang 18 Co cau nganh cong nghiep 44 Bang 19 San pham cong nghiep chinh 46 Bang 20 Co cau nganh cong nghiep theo von dau tu 46 nudc - nudc ngoai Bang 21 Co cau cong nghiep theo kinh te trung uong - dia phuong 47 Bang 22 Co cau cong nghiep cua khu vuc kinh te' ngoai 49 quoc doanh Bang 23 Xuat nhap khau Bac Trung bo 95-2002 51 Bang 24 Cac san pham xuat khau chu yeu 51 Bang 25 So doanh nghiep thuong mai, du lich, dich vu 52 Bang 26 Thuc trang van tai Bac Trung bo 53 Bang 27 Muc tieu kinh te co ban den nam 2010 64 Bang 28 Du bao co cau kinh te Bac Trung bo den nam 2010 68 Bang 29 Du bao co cau nganh nong nghiep den nam 2010 73 Bang 30 Du bao co cau nganh trot den nam 2010 75 Bang 31 Du bao san luqng, nang suat mot so cay chu 76 yeu Bang 32 Du bao co cau nganh chan nuoi den nam 2010 77 Bang 33 Du bao co cau nganh lam nghiep den nam 2010 78 Bang 34 Du bao co cau nganh cong nghiep den nam 2010 80 Bang 35 Du bao tong kim ngach xuat khau den nam 2010 88 Tinh la cac bai bien Thien Cam, Xuan Thanh, suoi nudc nong Huong Son ,' d Quang Binh la dong Phong Nha, d Quang Tri la: Dia dao Vinh Mdc, Cua Tung, dudng chien Nam Lao, Thda Thien Hue la: Co Hue' Van de rat quan la sdm hinh he thong du lich vung va lien ket vdi cac vung khac, cac diem du lich khac ca nudc de tang luqng khach du lich quoc te tren dia ban vung Dong thdi quan tam den du lich tu khach vung va nudc Tang so' luu tru binh quan - nam 2005 va - vao nam 2010 3.3 Cac giai phap thuc day chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te Bac Trung bo den nam 2010 3.3.1 Tien hanh qui hoach, xap xep lai cac nganh 3.3.1.1 Qui hoach tong the Nham thuc hien to't phuong hudng chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te cua tinh Bac Trung bo, dieu dau tien la can phai to chUc hqp ly khong gian kinh te lanh tho Do do, phuong hudng chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te xem quy hoach khong gian kinh te lanh tho chung toan vung tren co sd to chuc khong gian cua cac nganh kinh te la mot giai phap co tam quan hang dau Doi mdi viec chi dao va thuc hien qui hoach da de theo hudng thong nha't va tinh co trd nhat dinh, khong tien hanh theo nhung phuong an khong hqp ly Su hqp ly co quy hoach, theo quy hoach la van de co y nghia chien luqc, chinh quydn dia phuong can phai co phuong an su dung dat dai han, khai thac hqp ly, co hieu qua cao nhat Nhung do'i tuqng chinh duqc phan pho'i va can quan ly to't viec su dung dat bao gom: Dat nong nghiep, dat chuyen dung, dat lam nghiep, dat tho cu, dat thi Can cu vao quy hoach phat trien tong the kinh te' - xa hoi thuc hien chien luqc cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa, xay dung thi mdi, nong thon mdi cung nhu dua vao cac du bao ve phat trien cac nganh, phat trien dan so', cac dinh muc su dung dat 89 Trong quy hoach tong the kinh te - xa hoi, he thong cac thi phai duqc xay dong de dam nhiem chuc nang hat nhan thuc day su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi toan tinh Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te vung go doi theo hudng san xuat hang hoa, ket hqp nong lam theo khong gian nhieu tang bao dam khai thac the manh hien co la mot bo phan bo sung cho quy hoach kinh te - xa hoi tinh Quy hoach phan chia cac tieu vung vdi tung chdc nang cu the de tan dung nhung the manh shn co cua tung vung nho, bao gom: 3.3.1.2 Quy hoach phat trien nganh 3.3.1.2.1 Ndng nghiep - Chuyen dich co cau san xuat nong nghiep theo hudng san xuat hang hoa, gdn vdi thi trudng va hieu qua kinh te cao, phu hqp vdi he sinh thai tren nhung vung dia hinh khac theo phuong thUc nong lam ket hqp dam bao su phat trien ben vung - Thuc hien tham canh tren dien tfch duqc tudi tieu on dinh, han che toi da viec sd dung da't canh tac vao muc dfch khac Khuyen khfch nong dan phat trien cay cong nghiep dai ngay, cay an qua, chan nuoi trau, bo d vung nui theo quy mo vudn doi trang trai, Ung dung vdi nhung tien bo ve cong nghe sinh hoc Phat trien cong nghe che' bien nong san vdi thiet bi va cong nghe hien dai trudc het la che' bien dudng, che, thit, hoa qua phuc vu tinh va xuat khau -Phat trien cac dich vu tieu thu cong nghiep nong thon, tung budc phan cong lai lao dong nong nghiep theo hudng giam ty le lao dong truc tie'p san xuat nong nghiep, tang ty le lao dong cho nganh nghe va khu vuc dich vu Co cau co su chuyen doi theo hudng giam ty nganh trot tang ty nganh chan nuoi Trong nganh trot giam tuong doi nganh cay luong thuc, tang nganh cay cong nghiep, cay an qua, hoa cay canh, cay thuc pham 90 Bien phap quan la khuyen khich kinh te ho gia dinh, khuyen khich nong dan lam giau, md rong lien doanh thu hut von dau tu nudc ngoai vao va che bien mia dudng, cao su, ca phe, che,ling dung cac tien bo mdi vd cong nghe sinh hoc, tirng budc thuc hien mot nen nong nghiep sach 3.3.1.2.2 Cdng nghiep Nganh cong nghiep bao gom cac khu cdng nghiep da hinh tir lau, chu yeu duqc md rong ve quy mo san xuat, cac khu cdng nghiep mdi chu yeu duqc bd tri doc theo cac true quoc lo chfnh, cac dai ven bien, cac khu vuc cd nguon tai nguyen thien nhien ddi dao Hien tai tinh Bac Trung bo da co mot sd khu cdng nghiep dang di vao hoat dong Can tiep tuc ban hanh co che, chinh sach uu dai de thu hut cac doanh nghiep nudc va ngoai nudc vao khu cdng nghiep san xuat Phan dau den nam 2010 thu hut va lap day 10 khu cdng nghiep da duqc qui hoach viing, vdi cac nganh cdng nghiep ky thuat cao, cdng nghiep co khi, dien tu, tin hoc 3.3.1.2.3 Dich vu Bao gom mot sd trung tarn thuong mai ldn d cac vung: Vinh, Hue, Thanh Hoava cac thi xa, thi tran, thi tir Cac trung tarn thuong mai mua ban hang hoa, dich vu vui choi giai tri, xuat nhap khau, cac khu nha nghi khach san, he thong cho vdi quy md ldn nho thich hqp tren timg dia ban Budc dau hinh cac cira hang ldn, cac khu sieu thi phuc vu nhu cau mua ban hang hoa cua ngudi dan vung Cac sieu thi, cira hang can phan cap theo mire thu nhap cua cu dan, nham mang tinh hqp ly viec lua chon khach hang cung nhu viec lua chon san pham ciia ngudi tieu dung cang phong phu 3.3.2 Tang cudng huy dong von dau tu va dieu chinh co cau dau tu - Cung nhu hau het cac tinh khac ddi vdi Bac Trung bo, von la mot giai phap quan cho thuc hien du an quy hoach, song ddi vdi dac thii Bac Trung bo chinh sach tao von va md rong thi trudng von kho khan hon nhidu 91 Trong nhieu nam, mot phan ngan sach quan cho dau tu phat trien trung uong hd tro Trong nhung nam trudc mat, Bac Trung bo chua du thdi gian vuon tdi kha nang tich luy von tur noi bo, viec trung uong tiep tuc chi vien la can thiet Tuy vay, can doi th trung uong khong nhieu kha nhieu tinh thu vln khong bu chi Do van de quan la Bac Trung bo phai biet tan dung moi nguon von co the khai thac duqc nhu: Von dan, von th ngan sach tin dung, uu dai cua trung uong, th nguon ODA, nguon FDI, nguon th vay ADB, WB, vay thiet bi tra cham va tra bang san pham bao tieu Chien luqc quan nhat van de von la “ tich tu va tap trung” hang nam phai tinh duqc mOi nam chung ta da tao duqc nhung vung hang hoa nao, nhung san pham gi co gia tri xuat khau, co gia tri hang hoa cao, duqc tieu thu thi co kha nang mang lai nguon ngan sach ldn Lam the nao de tao nhieu phan phat trien, thue la cong cu trudc het nham khuyen khich su phat trien Tang cudng cung co va phat huy hon nua vai trd cua cac co quan tai chmh, ngan hang Co quan tai chinh, ngan hang cua cac tinh vimg can nghien cun de can doi giua tieu dung va tich luy, phuc vu san xuat va xay dung, co chinh sach huy dong duqc nhieu von va tranh thu duqc cac nguon luc va ngoai nudc, nhat la tir Trung uong Huy dong cac nguon du tru dan bang cac hinh thunc mua cong trai quoc gia, trai phieu va huy dong von tin dung de tung budc hinh thi trudng von Sap tdi, Chinh phu se cho phep cac tinh duqc phat hanh trai phieu dau tu cong trinh, cac tinh vimg can chon cac cong trinh quan lien tinh de uu tien phat hanh trai phieu xay dung, dem lai hieu qua kinh te xa hoi cao cho toan vung - Bd tri co cau dau tu hqp ly la mot noi dung rat quan cua vimg Bac Trung bo Can rut kinh nghiem thdi gian qua, nhieu tinh vimg thudng uu tien von cho tang, dau tu cac du an san xuat qui mo ldn nhung 92 khong xuat phat th thi trudng da gay l6 hoac thieu von cho cac du an qui mo nho hon nhung so ngudi duoc huong thu lai cao hon Trong bo tri co cau dau tu can uu tien cho nong nghiep, nong thon va cac nganh san xuat co qui mo nho va vua vi no nhanh chong dem lai hieu qua, so ngudi huong loi dong Can het sUc can nhac dau tu cac du an qui mo ldn, von dau tu qua cao, cong nghe phUc tap vi nhu the se phai tap trung rat nhieu nguon luc cua cac tinh vung nhung hieu qua thudng thap Cong khai va minh bach cac nguon von ddu tu cho dan biet, nhat la von co nguon goc tu ngan sach Tao co che de ngudi dan co the tham gia vao ac du an dau tu qui mo nho co so th khau chuan bi, tien hanh thi cong, giam sat, ban giao di vao su dung, bao dudng cong trinh theo hudng nhung cong trinh qui mo thon ban thi chuyen quyen su dung va so huu cho ngudi huong loi de ho lo quan ly, tu, nhu vay hieu qua dau tu se duoc nang cao len mot budc 3.3.3 Phat trien thi trudng Nhanh chong nam bat nhu cau thi trudng va ngoai vung ve cac loai hang hoa chu yeu Tren co sd thiet lap cac mo'i quan he hop tac lien doanh, lien ket san xuat, kinh doanh dich vu Trong cac giai phap ve thi trudng thi hudng tam la khau to chUc tieu thu san pham, giai quyet dau ra, dap Ung cang to't hon cac loai hang hoa cho san xuat va tieu dung cua thi trudng nudc va tien tdi xua't khau - Do'i vdi thi trudng noi vung can tiep tuc mo rong thi trudng tieu thu cac san pham, hudng chinh la to chuuc lai mang ludi thuong mai nha nudc du manh chu dong nam thi trudng noi vung, khuyen khich dung hang noi vung, han che dung hang ngoai To chUc tieu thu het san pham hang hoa cua cac dia phuong vung, di doi vdi no la cac bien phap tang cudng tiep thi va quang cao, phat trien nhanh cac dai ly ban buon va ban le tai cac khu cong nghiep, khu dan cu de thuc day tieu thu san pham vung san xua't 93 Phat trien mang ludi cho tren dia ban toan vung, hinh nen cac cho ban buon qui mo vung, tinh ve nong san, lam san, hai san va cac mat hang tieu dung khac Dac biet chu phat trien he thong cho nong thon vi day la noi trao doi san pham, mua ban hang hoa, giao luu van hoa va bien cac ky thuat mdi ve khuyen nong, khuyen lam va khuyen ngu Kien quyet dau tranh chong buon lau va gian lan thuuong mai nham giam nguon cung tu* ben ngoai doi vdi cac san pham san xuat nudc Trong vung cd dudng bien va bien giuof vdi Lao kha dai, vi vay can phoi hqp vdi ban dd han che tdi da buon lau qua bien gidi - Ddi vdi thi trudng ngoai vung va ngoai nudc: Giai phap quan la thong qua cac to chirc tu van, moi gidi, day manh cong tac lien doanh vdi cac to chuc, doanh nghiep ngoai vung va nudc ngoai, tap trung vao cac linh vuc che bien nong, lam va hai san, hang hoa tieu dung Giu vung cac thi trudng truyen thong nhu Lao, Thai Lan, Lien bang Nga, cac nudc Dong Au , sdm mo cac dai dien thuong mai cua tinh, vung tai cac nudc de khuyen khich trao doi hang hoa Ben canh do, cdn sue tien tim them thi trudng d cac noi khac tren the gidi theo phuong phap true tiep hoac gian tiep Thuong mai va dau tu boi canh hoi nhap thudng cd quan he chat che vdi Vi vay, viec thu hut va md rong thi trudng tieu thu san pham cua vung can gdn lien vdi chinh sach hut dau tu nudc ngoai de phat trien kinh te xa hoi - Can hinh nen mot to chirc tu van vung du manh de giup cac doanh nghiep vung lam cong tac quang cao va tiep thi: Hien nay, cong tac quang cao va tiep thi dang canh tranh rat gay gat, chi phi ton kern, neu de don le timg doanh nghiep, tirng tinh tu lam thi chi phi ton kern, hieu qua rat thap Vi vay, cac tinh vung can lap mot to chirc tu van du manh, qua hd tro ngan sach them de cung vdi cac doanh nghiep tien hanh cac chien dich tuyen truyen, quang ba, tiep thi ve cac sam pham truydn thong, hien dai cua Bic Trung bo, nhat la cac thi trudng ngoai nudc 94 3.3.4 Tang cirbng cong tac giao due, dao tao, ap dung tien bd khoa hoc cong nghe Phan ldn luc luong lao dong, nhat la lao dong nong nghiep Bac Trung bo chua duoc dao tao chuyen mon ky thuat, do can nhanh chong dao tao va dao tao lai luc luong lao dong cua vimg de ho co the tiep thu dupe tien bp dao tao nghe luc lupng lao dong tre Ra soat lai qui hoach dao tao, xay dung cac trudng dai hoc Hue, cac trudng day nghe, cac trudng cao dang, dai hoc tren vimg nham dao tao lao dong tai chd Cung co va phat trien vung chac cac trudng thong dan toc noi tru tai cac vung sau, vimg sa, vung dong bao dan toc Doi vdi vimg dong bang, thi phan dau day nhanh tien xa hoi hoa giao due thong qua pha trien mo hinh trudng dan lap, ban cong, tu thuc de tang cudng thu hut von va tang tinh canh tranh, nang cao chat lupng nganh giao due thong Ttmg budc hinh dpi ngu can bo lanh dao, quan ly, dpi ngu can bo khoa hoc ky thuat, can bo chuyen mon va dpi ngu cong nhan lanh nghe dong vai tro quan va can thiet nham thuc hien tot cac phuong hudng, muc tieu chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te, cac giai phap chu yeu bao gom: - Chinh sach dao tao va boi dudng: Trude mat phai cd chinh sach dao tao lai, boi dudng va sir dung tot nguon nhan luc hien cd Dong thdi phai dac biet cham lo dao tao dpi ngu can bo quan ly, luc lupng chuyen gia ky thuat cac nha doanh nghiep va dpi ngu lao dong cd ky nang tay ngh6 cao, gan vdi noi dung phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua vung Mat khac phai coi viec dao tao cd he thong cho the he tuong lai th mSu giao mam non den cac bac hoc thong va cac trudng chuyen nghiep, het she coi cha't lupng dao tao Tren ccr sd cung cd va phat trien he thong cac trudng hoc, cap hoc thong, cac trudng day nghe, cac trudng Trung hoc va Cao dang Dong thdi phat trien cac trung tam day nghe d cac huyen, pho, thi xa Khong nen md them cac trudng dai hoc vung ma tap trung sue dau tu cho cac trudng hien cd ve co sd vat chat, phong thi nghiem, giao vien theo 95 hudng dao tao da nganh de dao tao doi ngu khoa hoc ky thuat cho Bac Trung bo va cho ca vung mien Trung - Chinh sach khuyen khich va thu hut nhan tai: Bac Trung bo co nhieu nhan tai cac linh vuc kinh te - xa hoi hien dang sinh song va lam viec tren khap cac mien cua dat nudc va cd doi ngu hoc sinh kha, gidi hien dang theo hoc d cac trudng Dai hoc Day la nguon nhan luc to ldn Cac tinh vimg can phoi hop dua cac chinh sach uu dai thu hut lao dong cd trinh cao ve lam viec tai Bac Trung bo - Chinh sach doi mdi co cau nguon nhan luc: Tren co sd phat trien ve so' lupng va chat lupng nguon nhan luc chung cac nganh kinh te - xa hoi Mat khac phai thu hut bdt mot phan lao dong nong nghiep sang cac linh vuc san xuat cong nghiep va dich vu, theo xu hudng tang lao dong cd tay nghe ky thuat qua dao tao, giam lao dong gian don Khoa hoc - cong nghe dong vai trd rat quan trong qua trinh phat trudng va phat trien kinh te Do vay phat trien khoa hoc - cong nghe la mot giai phap khong the thieu nham thuc hien nhung muc tieu chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te vimg thdi ky tdi nhung ben canh viec phat trien khoa hoc - cong nghe can ket hqp vdi nhiem vu bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai Phat trien khoa hoc - cong nghe va bao ve moi trudng la mot chmh sach ldn, nhung phai san xuat dat hang tren co sd yeu cau cua hieu qua va lpi nhuan, van de bao gom cac noi dung chmh nhu sau Day manh phong trao hoc tap, tiep thu, ung dung, lam chu cac tien bo khoa hoc va cong nghe, phat huy sang kien de khong ngimg nang cao nang suat, chat lupng va hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh Coi cong tac nghien cuu khoa hoc phuc vu phat trien kinh te, van hoa xa hoi den tung co sd, nham dua ky thuat mdi, chuyen giao cong nghe mdi, tao nhieu san pham hang hoa mdi cd gia tri tren thi trudng canh tranh De phu hop vdi dieu kien Bac Trung bo, mot mat phai su dung cho 96 duqc nhung cong nghe hien co, mat khac can hinh dung dan nhung van de co tinh chat lien quan den nhung cong nghe mdi, hien dai can thiet cho sir phat trien kinh te vung Do sir phat trien chong mat ve cdng nghe mdi nen thiet bi luon luon dupe thay doi, ca the gidi dang muon dung, nhung nirdc phat trien sau lam noi tiep nhan nhung thiet bi lac hau so vdi sir phat trien cua ho Tan dungthdi co nay, cac tinh vung can phai cd cac chinh sach, giai phap thay doi cong nghe lac hau cua minh bang nhung cong nghe hien dai hon nhtrng vdi gia chuyen giao lai re hon nhieu so vdi gia tri thuc cua nd de day manh hon nua chat luqng va nang suat san xuat - kinh doanh Van de edn duqc xem xet tren co sd nhung thong tin nhieu chieu ma lua chon hoan canh thi trudng cho phep va thu hoi vo'n nhanh Cd the chap nhan lay hieu qua lam muc tieu, nhung viec lap dat thiet bi va chuyen giao cdng nghe nen cd co che gan lien vdi trach nhiem lau dai cua ben chyen giao, khong nen don gian mua dut ban doan Mat khac can xu ly thong tin tu van, trien khai dau thau Tang cudng lien doanh, lien ket vdi cac trung tarn khoa hoc, cac vien nghien cuu va cac trudng Dai hoc de tu van viec cai tien cong nghe, dau tu chieu sau, chuyen giao cong nghe mdi nham nang cao nang suat, chat luqng giam gia san pham va san xuat cac loai san pham cd chat luqng cao cho tieu dung va xuat khau Day nhanh viec ung dung cac cdng nghe tin hoc vao san xuat va quan ly Tin hoc hoa cdng tac quan ly d cac co quan cap tinh, thuc hien viec noi mang thong tin Ngoai ra, yeu cdu cua su phat trien ben vung ddi hoi qua trinh phat trien kinh te tinh phai gan hieu qua kinh te xa hoi vdi bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai Cac tinh vung can phoi hqp cac bien phap nham bao ve mdi trudng nhu: Tiep tuc tri va bao ve von rimg dau nguon nham tranh su thoai hoa cua dat cho tinh, han che tac hai ma lu lut gay ra, kiem tra cac loai cdng nghe duqc ap dung vao san xuat kinh doanh nham han che tac dong gay 97 d nhidm mdi trucmg duoc van hanh, tham dinh ve tac dong tdi mdi trudng cac du an san xuat tren dia ban Chien luoc cua mdi tudng la bao ve cho duoc dong thdi dirng lam cho moi trudng trd nen o nhidm tram trong, co ke hoach danh gia mdi trudng sinh thai cua tinh, cua cac vimg tinh de lap mot chuong trinh dai han giai quyet toan dien van de moi trudng Trude mat tap trung giai quyet cac van de chat thai cong nghiep va thi, tra lai trang thai tu nhien cho mot sd vimg sinh thai bi tan pha tram trong, dac biet lam nghiep, thuc hien lam nghiep sach 3.3.5 Hoan thien co che chinh sach Day la mot noi dung ra't quan trong, tren goc quoc gia chung ta da cd Chien luoc pha trien kinh te xa hoi 10 nam 2001-2010, Chien luoc tang trudng ben vung va xoa doi giam ngheo, Ke hoach kinh te xa hoi nam 2001-2005, vi vay cac tinh vimg can nghien cuu, ap dung vao didu kien cu the cua vimg mot each sang tao bang cac co che chinh sach thfch hqp: - Nhom co che phat trien ndng nghiep va ndng thon: Day la nhom co che quan hang dau vi dan sd ndng thon Bac Trung bo dong, cai thien quang dai bo phan thu nhap va ddi song cua ngudi dan ndng thon la van de rat quan trong, bao dam cho phat trien vimg duqc ben vung Trong nhom co che nay, khuyen khfch chuyen dich co cau cay trong, vat nudi la uu tien quan hang dau, ngan sach nha nudc se hd tro mot phan thong qua chuyen dich co cau dau tu de hudng den nen ndng nghiep va ndng thon hien dai - Ddi vdi viec phat trien co sd tang kinh te xa hoi thi ap dung hinh thuc nha nudc va nhan dan cimg lam, trung uong va dia phuong cung lam theo hudng ngan sach true tiep dau tu cac cong trinh quan trong, hd tro mot phan cac cong trinh lien quan den lqi fch ngudi dan co sd, dut khoat phai huy dong phan von lai tir cap tinh, huyen, xa va ngudi hudng lqi de tao cho ho g&n bd vdi cong trinh, hieu qua sir dung va tinh ben vung cao nhat - Ddi vdi cac linh vuc san xuat kinh doanh (cong nghiep, du lich dich vu, thuong mai ) thi chu yeu sir dung von vay cac ngSn hang thuong mai, 98 nha nudc se hd trd mot sd nganh nghe quan de thuc day chuyen dich co cdu kinh te vimg thong qua von tin dung uu dai, khong su dung von ngan sach de hd trq true tiep cho san xuat kinh doanh de tao mdi trudng kinh binh dang - Doi vdi cac chuong trinh du an ODA, cac du an FDI, cac tinh vimg can khuyen khich dau tu di doi vdi viec quan tam xu ly cac phat sinh qua trinh trien khai va thuc hien du an Coi kinh te FDI la mot bo phana cua kinh te vimg, cd chinh sach thich hqp de nang dan ty von cua Viet Nam (trung uong, tinh, huyen, xa, ngudi dan, doanh nghiep) vdi cac doanh nghiep dau tu nudc ngoai - Hoan co che phoi hqp giua cac tinh vimg, tien tdi viec ban hanh cac chinh sach vimg can cd su trao doi va phoi hqp giua cac tinh vdi Dong thdi thiet lap co che trao doi thong tin ve kinh te, xa hoi, mdi trudng, dau tu, dau tranh chong buon lau, nhat la viec chuan bi dau tu cac du vimg 3.3.6 Giai phap ve to chile, dieu hanh Day la khau rat quan ma trudc day chung ta thudng it quan tam, vi du chinh sach de tot den dau nhung khau to chuc thuc hien kern thi se han che cong cua nd - To chuc thong bao rong dai noi dung qui hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua vimg, timg tinh vimg de moi cong dan deu biet, trudc het tap trung vao ngudi dan vimg Khuyen khich thong tin, gidi thieu qui hoach, tiem nang, lqi the cua vimg, timg tinh ben ngoai vung va nudc ngoai de ngudi dan, cac nha ddu tu tong va ngoai nudc biet, den tham va tim hieu cac co hoi dau tu - Tang cudng ky cuong, phep nudc cong tac quan ly qui hoach, lien tuc cap nhat thong tin du bao ve tinh hinh kinh te va ngoai nudc ve cac san pham, cac mat hang lien quan tdi vimg, xu the phat trien kinh te cua 99 khu vuc, the gidi, cac ban hang chinh de thong bao vung, dac biet la thong bao cho cac co quan quan ly nha nudc, cac nha dau tu - Day manh cai canh hanh chinh, tien tdi mot cdng viec chi qua mot cira, thiet lap cac trang web, dudng day nong vung de thong tin ve thu tuc hanh chinh, co che chinh sach, giai dap cac kho khan cua cac nha dau tu, khong lam nan long ho da den vung 100 KET LUAN Chuyen dich ca cau nganh kinh te theo hudng cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa de lam cho dan giau, nudc manh luon la mot nhung nhiem vu quan hang dau phat trien kinh te cua ca nudc va vung Bdc Trung bo Chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te vimg mot each hqp ly se dua nen kinh te phat trien theo hudng khai thac mot each co hieu qua, triet de ve cac loi the, cac nguon luc hien cd cua cac tinh vung, phu hqp vdi xu the phat trien cua dat nudc, khu vuc va the gidi Qua thdi gian nghien cuu, doi chieu vdi muc dich nghien cuu cua De tai, luan van da hoan mot so nhiem vu sau day: He thong hoa ly luan ve chuyen dich co cau kinh te, co cau kinh te nganh, tinh qui luat bien va cac nhan to chinh tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te Chuan xac hon nhan thuc mot sd van de ly luan va thuc tidn ve chuyen dich co cau kinh te thong qua cac hoc thuyet kinh dien, thuc tidn ve chuyen dich nganh kinh te o va ngoai nudc Vdi phuong phap phan tich khoa hoc cac sd lieu da cd ve thuc trang chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te tinh Bdc Trung bo thdi ky 1991-2002, Luan van dua duqc cac nhan xet xac dang ve: - Ket qua: Chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te vimg theo hudng hqp ly, budc dau da phat huy duqc nhung tiem nang va lqi the so sanh cua vimg Bac Trung bo so vdi cac vimg khac ca nudc Thuc day tang trudng kinh te, giai quyet viec lam, xoa ddi giam ngheo - Tdn tai: Chuyen dich chua dong deu giua cac tinh, cac tieu vimg Khoa hoc cong nghe vdn chua duqc ung dung nhieu, dat dai ndng nghiep giam nhanh tao nguy co mot bo phan lao dong ndng thon thieu viec lam, phan hoa giau ngheo - Nguyen nhan: Cong tac qui hoach chua dua tren nhung luan cd khoa hoc, nhidu lung tung va bat cap, chua theo kip thuc tidn Nguon von dau 104 tu1 han hep so vdi yeu cau phat trien vung Cac co che chinh sach ban hanh de thu hut nguon luc it va cham Luan van da de xua't quan diem thuoc tam vi mo, bao gom van de uu tien phat trien vung va cong tac qui hoach, phat huy noi luc vung va tranh thu nguon luc th ben ngoai, bao dam qua trinh phat trien duqc hieu qua va ben vung, dong thdi khai thac va tan dung toi da lqi the so sanh cua vung Bac Trung bo Tren co so phan tich thuc trang va he thong quan diem tren, luan van da dua dinh hudng chuyen dich co cau nganh kinh te' vung Bac Trung bo den nam 2010, dong thdi xac dinh cac muc tieu cu the cho tung nganh pha'n dau nham phat huy cao tiem nang va lqi the' so sanh bo'i canh hoi nhap khu vuc va quo'c te' Theo do, co ca'u nganh kinh te' Bac Trung bo se chuye’n th nong nghiep - dich vu - cong nghiep hien sang cong nghiep - dich vu nong nghiep vao nam 2010 Luan van da dua duqc sau giai phap co tinh thuyet phuc nham thuc day nhanh hon chuyen dich co cau nen kinh te' Bac Trung bo bo'i canh nen kinh te mo va xu hudng hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc va quo'c te dang dibn nhanh chong Trong cac giai phap ve soat lai qui hoach, sap xep cac nganh theo thu thu uu tien, tang cudng huy dong von va phat trien thi trudng cung va'n de dao tao nang cao nang luc, doi mdi cong tac chi dao dieu hanh rat duqc coi Chuyen dich co ca'u kinh te noi chung va nganh kinh te noi rieng la va'n de ldn lien quan tdi nhieu nganh, nhieu cap Day la va'n de co y nghia quan do'i vdi viec dua cac co che', chinh sach va to chuc thuc hien 102 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu (2001, 2002), Bao cao cua Bd Ke hoach va Dau tu tu phuc vu cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Cue Thong ke, nien giam thong ke cac tinh: + Thanh Hoa + Nghe An + Ha Tinh + Quang Binh + Quang Tri + Thera Thien Hue Dang cong san Viet nam, van kien Dai hoi Dang IX cua Dang (2001): Chien lupc Phat trien kinh te xa hoi 10 nam 1991-2010 cua ca nude; Ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2001-2005 cua ca nudc (NXB Chinh tri quoc gia) Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan (2000), Giao trinh Kinh te phat trien Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan (2001), Giao trinh Chuong trinh va du an phat trien kinh te xa hoi, NXB Giao due Ngan hang The gidi (1999), Viet Nam tien len phfa trudc: tuu va thu tthach cua nganh giao thong van tai., ngan hang the gidi Thu tudng Chinh phu, Phe duyet Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te xa hoi vung Duyen hai mien Trung Thu tudng Chinh phu, Phe duyet phe duyet Qui hoach tong the phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua tinh: + Thanh Hoa + Nghe An + Ha Tinh + Quang Binh