© ISO 2017 Plastics — Vertical flame spread determination for film and sheet Plastiques — Détermination de la propagation verticale de la flamme sur films et feuilles INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12992[.]
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 992 Second edition 2017-03 Plastics — Vertical flame spread determination for film and sheet Plastiques — Détermination de la propagation verticale de la flamme sur films et feuilles Reference number ISO 12992:2017(E) © ISO 2017 ISO 992 : 01 7(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions 4 Significance o f the test 5 Principle 6 Apparatus 7 f Conditioning room or chamber Specimen holder Marker rods Gas burner Fuel gas Timing device Measuring scale Marker (permanent) Micrometer 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Lab o rato ry ume ho o d 6.7 M ano meter and gas flow meter 7.1 7.2 Extended application Preparation of test specimens Test specimens 8 Procedure 9 Calculation and expression o f results 1 10 Test report 1 Annex A (informative) Precision data Bibliography © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning behaviour This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12992:1995), which has been technically revised The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: — Clause has been updated; — Clause has been updated; — the precision data have been moved to Annex A iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Introduction T h i n flexible pla s tic fi l m s and s he e ts a re widely u s e d i n pro duc ts for p ackagi ng , bu i ld i ng , hou s i ng , industries and transport media, in various applications The burning behaviour, in particular, the ver tic a l fla me s pre ad o f flexible pla s tic fi l m s a nd she e t, i s a concern for fi re s a fe ty o f the s e appl ic ation s T h i s c u ment give s a me tho d o f de term i nation o f ver tic a l flame s pre ad o f flexible pl as tic fi l m s a nd she e ts b y s ma l l fla me s ource This document is also intended as a pre-selection test for materials used for parts in devices and that conforms with the standards applicable to such equipment app l i ance s T he fi na l accep ta nce o f the materi a l wou ld b e dep endent up on its u s e i n comple te e qu ipment I t s hou ld b e no te d th at the te s t re s u lts ob ta i ne d a lone b y the te s t s p e ci fie d i n th i s c u ment c an no t give whole as p e c ts o f fi re h a z a rd o f pl as tics fi l m s and s he e ts © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Plastics — Vertical flame spread determination for film and sheet 1 Scope This c u ment s p e ci fie s a te s t me tho d oriente d s p e ci men s o f pla s tic s i n the form for me a s u rement o f flame s pre ad prop er tie s o f ver tic a l ly o f fi l m and s he e t, m m or le s s th ickne s s , s ubj e c te d to a s ma l l ign iti ng fla me 2 Normative re ferences T he fol lowi ng c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s c u ment For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d appl ie s For u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s ISO 11925-2, Reaction to fire tests — Ignitability of products subjected to direct impingement of flame — Part 2: Single-flame source test ISO 13943, Fire safety —Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the pu rp o s e s o f th i s c u ment, the term s a nd defi n ition s given i n I S O 43 and the fol lowi ng apply ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso org/obp a fterglow p ers i s tence o f glowi ng combu s tion a fter b o th remova l o f the ign ition s ou rce a nd the ce s s ation o f any flam i ng combu s tion [S OU RC E : I S O 43 : 0 , defi n ition 8] 3.2 flame-spread time ti me ta ken b y a fl ame front on a bu rn i ng materi a l to travel a s p e ci fie d d i s tance on the s u r face, or to cover a s p e c i fie d s ur face a re a u nder s p e ci fie d cond ition s [S OU RC E : I S O 43 : 0 , defi n ition 4.14 4] 3.3 flaming droplet molten materia l s ep a rati ng from a bu rni ng item and conti nu i ng to fla me duri ng a fi re or fi re te s t [S OU RC E : I S O 43 : 0 , defi n ition 4.1 0] seat o f flame flame lo c ation at the le ad i ng e dge o f the a ffe c te d are a N o te to entr y: S e e Figure © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) a) Front view – T hermosets b) Front view – T hermoplas tics c) Side view – T hermo sets d) Side view – T hermoplas tics Key test specimen f marker line f to p o s eat o test specimen cross section burnt area shrunk area flame flame Figure — Identification o f seat o f flame 4 4.1 Significance o f the test Results obtained using the method described in this document can provide a sensitive measure of the b urning characteris tics o f material under certain co ntro lled lab o rato ry co nditio ns , and hence, may b e us e ful fo r p res electio n o r quality co ntro l p urp o s es Results obtained from specimens of differing thickness, with different ignition sources and/or conditions is not implied 4.2 by di fferent p ro cedures are no t co mp arab le C o rrelatio n with flammab ility b ehavio ur under o ther fire 4.3 This tes t is no t relevant fo r s p ecimens which dis to rt away fro m and o ut o f reach o f the tes t flame without ignition Other test methods should be explored for such specimens © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Results obtained by this document shall not be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard presented by a particular material type or shape under actual fire conditions The results may be used as one element o f a fire risk assessment, which takes into account all the factors which are pertinent to the assessment o f the fire hazard o f a particular end use for the material 4.4 Precision data are given in Annex A 5 Principle A defined flame from a specified ignition source is applied to film or sheet specimens that are vertically oriented, for a specified period o f time 5 The flame-spread time (3.2 ) is recorded and the flame spread rate between these two markings is Other properties relating to flame propagation, such as flaming droplets, extinguishing calculated characteristics and afterglow, are observed and recorded 6 Apparatus 6.1 Laboratory fume hood The laboratory fume hood shall have an inside volume o f at least 0,5 m The chamber shall permit observation of tests in progress and shall be draught free while allowing normal thermal circulation of air past the test specimen during burning The inside surfaces of the chamber shall be of a dark colour When a light meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, is positioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded light level shall be less than 20 lx For sa fety and convenience, this enclosure (which can be completely closed) shall be fitted with an extraction device, such as an exhaust fan, to remove products o f combustion that may be toxic The extraction device shall be turned o ff during the test and turned on again immediately a fter the test to remove the fire e ffluents A positive closing damper may be needed NOTE The amount o f oxygen available to support combustion is naturally important for the conduct o f these flame tests For tests conducted by this method when burning times are protracted, chamber sizes greater than 0,5 m can be needed to provide reproducible results 6.2 Conditioning room or chamber The conditioning room or chamber shall be capable of being maintained at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity 6.3 Specimen holder As described in Figure to Figure 4, the specimen holder shall be capable of supporting the specimen securely in a vertical position without excessively stressing it and providing support for marker rods across the front of the specimen © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Dimensions in millimetres with tolerance of mm Key marker rod in front of marker line wing nut or cam-action clump specimen located between protruding screws extruded aluminium angle (50 × 50 × 3,5) aluminium plate (450 × 300 × 6) Figure 2 — Specimen support fixture (Front view) © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) D imens io ns in millimetres with to lerance o f mm no t o therwis e s p ecified Key angle bracket installed with bolts, screws or rivets specimen hold-down plate wing nut or cam-action clump support frame specimen 6 mm + mm aluminium plate Figure 3 — Specimen support fixtures (Side view) © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) D imens io ns in millimetres with to lerance o f mm no t o therwis e s p ecified Key steel spring clip 3,5 mm + 0,1 mm thick aluminium plate diameter o f ho le to b e determined by b o lt o r clump size Figure 4 — Specimen hold- down plate © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Dimensions in millimetres with tolerance o f mm not otherwise specified Key stainless-steel rod (diameter mm + 0,5 mm) Figure — M arker rod 6.4 Marker rods The marker rods shall be made of stainless-steel, and have a diameter of 2,0 mm ± 0,5 mm as described in Figure 6.5 Gas burner The gas burner specified in ISO 11925-2 shall be used 6.6 Fuel gas The fuel gas shall be propane o f 95 % minimum purity In order to obtain flame stability with the burner, the gas pressure should be between 10 kPa and 50 kPa Approximate heat content, gas flow rate and line-back pressure to obtain the test flame are described in Table Table — Gas sources Gas Approximate heat content Propane a 6.7 MJ/m3 94 ± F low rate ml/min 62 ± 15 Line b ack-pres sure The needle valve o f the burner shall be adjusted to provide the line back-pressure indicated mmH O column 25 ± a Manometer and gas flow meter The manometer or pressure gauge and gas flow meter shall be calibrated for the gas used and capable of reading the values shown in Table 6.8 Timing device The timing device shall have a resolution of at least to s Two timing devices are required to conduct the test 6.9 Measuring scale The measuring instrument shall be graduated in millimetres to measure the length, width and thickness o f the test specimen and the height o f the test flame © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) 6.10 Marker (permanent) The marker to make marking lines on the specimens should have a fine point and use quick drying ink/paint 6.11 Micrometer The micrometer shall have a resolution of at least 0,02 mm for measuring the thickness of the specimens 7 Test specimens 7.1 Extended application It is possible that the results of tests carried out on test specimens, taken from materials of over a range, the test specimens shall be representative of the whole range 7.1 di fferent densities, colours and thicknesses, will be di fferent For materials with properties which vary 7.1 Test specimens with densities at the extremes of the range shall be tested and, if the test results yield the same flame test classification, all specimens within the range shall be considered representative o f the range I f the burning characteristics are not essentially the same, the results o f the evaluation shall be considered to apply only to materials with the densities tested Additional test specimens with intermediate densities shall be tested to determine the range o f applicability Uncoloured test specimens and test specimens with the highest level of organic and inorganic within this colour range shall be considered representative of the range If the burning characteristics are 7.1 pigment loading shall be tested and, i f the test results yield the same flame test classification, all specimens not essentially the same, the results o f the evaluation shall be considered to apply only to materials with the pigment loadings tested I f a material contains pigments which are known to affect the flammability characteristics, specimens containing these pigments shall also be tested Thus, the test specimens tested shall be those that: a) contain no colouring; b) contain the highest level of organic pigments; c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments; d) contain pigments which are known to adversely a ffect flammability characteristics 7.2 Preparation o f test specimens 7.2 The size o f the rectangle test specimen shall be 300 mm ± mm wide by 325 mm ± mm long 7.2 The thickness of test specimens shall not exceed 3,0 mm Three test specimens shall be tested If the material is anisotropic, test three specimens in both directions 7.2 7.2 Two sets of three test specimens shall be conditioned as (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity for at least 48 h, unless material specification requires a di fferent conditioning atmosphere 7.2 After conditioning, each test specimen shall be marked with the marker by drawing a line horizontally across the test specimen, 100 mm and 300 mm from the bottom edge (see Figure 2) © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) 8 Procedure All test specimens shall be tested in laboratory atmospheres o f 15 °C to 35 °C and 45 % to 75 % relative humidity A test for each test specimen shall be conducted within h after removal o f the test 8.1 specimen from the conditioning chamber If testing is not being done within h after removal from the conditioning room or chamber, the test specimen shall be placed in a sealed container until testing begins 8.2 Secure the test specimen on a specimen holder with the 100 mm mark at the bottom The test specimen shall be fastened flat with no extensive wrinkles or stressing Fasten a test specimen o f thin films to the top o f the specimen holder first and then tension it downwards to produce a uniform surface NOTE The test specimen can be spot taped or double-sided taped in place along its edges, before the holddown plate is installed, to maintain it in position Install the marker rods on the specimen holder 10 mm ± mm from the surface of the test specimen at the 100 mm and 300 mm marking 8.3 NOTE Marker rods are not needed if the marker lines on the test specimen are not distorted or obscured during the test Connect the burner to a source o f the gas fuel Ignite the burner and adjust the gas flow, so that the flame is 40 mm ± mm high when the burner is oriented vertically Allow the burner to pre-heat for The air supply shall be such that a blue flame is obtained with a small yellow tip (see ISO 11925-2) 8.4 NOTE The propane flow rate will be approximately 62 ml/min for this flame height Position the burner at 45° ± 5° to the vertical such that the top of the burner is 20 mm ± mm from the bottom edge of the test specimen and located on the vertical centreline of the face of the test specimen (see Figure ) Ensure that the edge o f the test specimen bisects the flame 8.5 NOTE An automatic or fixed alignment fixture for positioning the burner has been found to produce consistent results © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Dimensions in millimetres or angle Key bottom edge of specimen burner tes t flame Figure 6 — Position o f burner and test flame 8.6 S mo o thly ap p ly the b urner flame to the tes t s p ecimen and s tart the timing device M aintain the b urner flame in p o s itio n 8.7 fo r a p erio d o f s fo r the flame to reach the 0 mm and 0 mm markers as t and t2 M eas ure and reco rd the time taken 8.8 C arry o ut the p ro cedure o n three tes t s p ecimens I f inco ns is tent res ults , s uch as no n- ignitio n o f res p ectively a s ingle tes t s p ecimen o r ces s atio n o f flame b etween 0 mm and 0 mm markers o n a s ingle tes t specimen, are obtained, repeat the test on a second set of three test specimens If inconsistent results are obtained on the second set, describe details in the test report 8.9 I f, during the s ignitio n p erio d, the tes t s p ecimen dis to rts away and o ut o f reach o f the flame without ignition, then, the result is not valid 10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) 9 9.1 Calculation and expression o f results C alculate the flame s p read rate (FS R) in millimetres p er s eco nd (mm/s ) using Formula (1): fo r each tes t s p ecimen (1) FSR = 200 / ( t − t ) Re cord F S R I f the fla m i ng ce as e d b e twe en the 10 m m and 0 m m markers , re cord “F S R no t ob tai ne d” 9.2 ave) on FSRs of the three test specimens in millimetres C alculate the average flame s p read rate (FS R per second (mm/s) I f a s i ngle te s t s p e ci men i n a s e t o f th re e te s t s p e ci men s d id no t ign ite or ce as e d fla m i ng b e twe en 100 mm and 300 mm markers, then record that FSRave was obtained from two specimens I f two te s t s p e c i men s i n a s e t o f th re e te s t s p e c i men s d id no t ign ite or ce a s e d fl am i ng b e twe en 10 m m and 300 mm markers, then record that FSRave was not obtained Test report The test report shall include the following: a) a statement that the test was conducted in accordance with this document, i.e ISO 12992, and de ta i l s o f a ny a lternative s , i f u s e d; b) the date of the test; c) the conditioning atmosphere used for the test specimens; for fu l l identi fic ation o f the materi a l te s te d: generic typ e , materia l de s ignation d) a l l de tai l s ne ce s s ar y g) whe ther fl am i ng ce a s e d b e twe en the 10 m m and 0 m m ma rkers; h) the average flame s pre ad rate (FS R i) whe ther any fla m i ng d rople ts or p ar ticle s j) a ny ob s er vation s that cou ld have a b e ari ng on the re s u lts o f the te s ts and manufacturer; e) the thickness, in millimetres, for the test specimens; f) t1 and t2 in seconds for each test specimen; © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ave) (see 9.2); fel l to the b o ttom o f the frame a nd conti nue d to flame; 11 ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Annex A (informative) Precision data A.1 General Table A.1 gives the results of an interlaboratory test conducted in 1993 involving seven laboratories testing eight materials Two of the materials tested ceased to burn before the 300 mm marking and their flame spread rate (FSR) could not be determined There fore, these materials are not included in Table A.1 The results were analysed using ISO 5725:1986 Table A.1 is only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of this test method for a range o f materials These data shall not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection o f material, as they are specific to the interlaboratory test and may not be representative o f other lots, conditions, thickness or materials A.2 Repeatability, r In the normal and correct operation of the test method, the differences between two averages, determined from three specimens by one operator using identical test material and the same apparatus within a short time interval, will not exceed the repeatability value shown in Table A.1 more than once in 20 cases on average A.3 Reproducibility, R In the normal and correct operation of the test method, the difference between two independent averages, determined from three specimens by two operators working in di fferent laboratories on identical test material, will not exceed the reproducibility value shown in Table A.1 more than once in 20 cases on average A.4 Average The two averages, determined from three specimens, are to be considered suspect and not equivalent i f they di ffer by more than the repeatability and reproducibility shown in Table A.1 Any judgement per A.2 or A.3 would have an approximately 95 % (0,95) probability of being correct Table A.1 — Precision data for average FSR Material PE PE PE T PM M A AB S Thickness (mm) Average FSR (mm/s) 0,075 10,8 7,3 0,15 9,7 4,8 5,5 0,15 3,7 1,7 4,1 2,0 4,7 4,6 2,0 7,6 2,8 7,7 Repeatability Reproducibility 12 Glass-fibre rein forced unsaturated polyester 1,4 6,1 1,5 2,2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 992 : 01 7(E) Bibliography [1] , 1) Precision of test methods — Determination of repeatability for a standard test method by inter-laboratory tests I SO 572 :19 and reproducibility 1) Withdrawn © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 13 ISO 992 : 01 7(E) I C S ; 2 Price based on 13 pages © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved