I n t ern at i on al St an d ard I N TE RN ATI ON AL ORG AN I ZATI ON Expl os i on Part 3: Sys t &mes de au t res Fi rst U DC prot ect i on ot h er prot ect i on que ed i t i on S TAN D ARD I ZATI ON * M E Wl YH AP On H AR l es - t re m &an g e s of t h an l es et - Part i e 3: : I N TE RN ATI ON ALE DE N ORM ALI S ATI ON - an d D&t ermi n at i on i n d i ces g as/ai r d es i n d i ces of fu el /ai r m i xt u res d ’ expl osi on des m #an g e s de co mbu s t i bl es et r/g az 965- 1 - Ref 61 63 Descri pt ors a a!4 B l l OCTAH RAPTK3 AU WM J FI G AN l S ATl ON expl osi on d u st /ai r expl osi o n s r/pou ssi &re OP r AH H J AU M A s ys t ems Det ermi n at i on m i xt u res d ’ r FOR 41 @$ expl osi on proofi n g , du st, r, g as mi xt u res, tests, expl osi on N o I S0 61 4/3 - 65 ( E) i n dex Pri ce based on pag es Foreword I S0 (the n at i on al I n t ern at i on al st an d ard s St an d ard s bo d y th e is men t al Draf t to th e I S0 l east 75 U sers l at est an y fi re n ot e by I n t ern at i on al are u n l ess al l ad opt ed an d in was fi re ot h erwi se h erei n of h as I n t ern at i on al al so t ech n i cal accept an ce wi t h f ed erat i on prepari n g commi t t ees t ake in member est abl i sh ed org an i zat i on s, part of I n t ern at i on al Each been commi t t ees as the work are I n t ern at i on al h as g overn - ci rcu l at ed to St an d ard s by I S0 proced u res req u i ri n g Tech n i cal Commi t t ee I SO/TC at vot i n g prepared by 21 , fi g h ti ng St an d ard s to an y ot h er u n d erg o St an d ard i zat i on , revi si on I n t ern at i on al st at ed for a worl d wi d e commi t t ee accord an ce bod i es is work t ech n i cal I SO, the t h ei r I n t ern at i on al m ad e wi t h by bef ore 61 64/3 Org an i zat i on Swi t zerl an d l i son member I S0 Th e commi t t ee appro ved the I S0 t h at in bod i es) a t ech n i cal t h at approval prot ect i oh ref eren ce edi t i on , Pri n t ed i n Th ey St an d ard f or sh ou l d t h at for St an d ard i zat i on ) t h rou g h wh i ch on St an d ard s approval I n t ern at i on al Eq u i pmen t ou t f or n on - g overn men t al , bod i es for membe r carri ed repres en t ed Cou n ci l % ( I S0 a su bj ect I n t ern at i on al member in be an d th e an d n ormal l y i n t erest ed ri g h t Org an i zat i on bod i es 85 f rom St an d ard t i me to t i me i mpl i es i ts I N TERN ATI ON AL Expl osi on Part 3: protecti on syst ems Determi n ati on mi xtu res I S0 STAN DARD other of th an i n di ces an d ext remes du stri al Th e ti on assessmen t ag n st of measu res expl osi on requ i res pri or of mi xtu res, requ i red h azard s determi n ati on of to i n vol vi n g the provi de protec- fu el /ai r potenti al a) mi xt u res Con versel y, man ce of sh ou l d be the by th e measu remen t expl osi on measu remen t expl osi on t est ed of th e prot ecti on ag n st of expl osi on s of kn o wn i ng severi t y of a fu el /ai r expl osi on pet- for- th at of It hi gh sh ou l d the fol l ow- ph ysi cal an d ch emi cal b) the cen t rati on of c) th e h omog en ei t y an d properti es the fu el in the tu rbu l en ce of the fu el ; fu el /ai r of the di ti on s prevai l i ng in st orag e di t i on s prevai l i ng i n the reg i on of an fan real i zed t u rbu l en ce i ntri nsi c di ti ons, t u rbu l en ce l ati on mi xt u re; th at to as can th e ari se in pl an t, a seq u en ce t wo ways u n der of : n ormal pert u rbati on s to r- fl ow; b) fuel /ai r be t u rbu l en ce the th e tu rbu l en ce tu rbu l en ce operati n g : a) i n- t h ey severi t y i s a fu n cti on in ; extract i on a) Th e en cou n t ered i n di ces an d requ i res common l y severi t y expl osi on effecti ven ess syst ems tu rbu l en ce are : qu i escen t vessel s fu el /ai r mi xtu res of pl an ts b) su ch of g as/ai r Two I n trodu cti on (EI - expl osi on du st/ai r 61 64/3- 966 on i n d u ced a g as wh i ch by obstru ct i on s expan d s as t h e wi th i n resu l t of an an i nstal - expl osi on mi x- tu re; d) the type, e) th e g eomet ry f) the en erg y, an d of the t emperatu re, l ocati on of th e i g ni ti on sou rce; tai n er: an d Scope Th i s pressu re of the fu el /ai r of mi xt u re part the g as/ai r be, Th i s pl osi on : d u st s I S0 61 64 on e Th e of a seri es ot h er parts deal i n g are as wi t h ex- fol l ows: of expl osi on i n di ces of combu st i bl e of expl osi on i n di ces of combu st i bl e I S0 61 64 mi xtu res) for in exampl e, mi xt u res It ot h er test d i ces as speci fi es i n di ces an g as/ai r/du st g i ves th e determi n ed 61 84 Fi el d a met h od fu el s in en cl osed can by r space by be the for det ermi n ati on t h an Fuel /ai r an d wh i ch du st/ai r an d mi xt u res may vapori zed resu l ts correl ated met h od the ( oth er mi xtu res cri teri a proced u res I S0 of to l i qu i d/ai r obt n ed yi el d speci fi ed u si n g expl osi on in th i s i n- part of r 2: Determi n at i on in : is syst ems Determi n at i on in g ases Part of protecti on Part Part part of expl osi on r Determi n at i on of effi cacy of expl osi on su ppressi on of appl i cati on syst ems Th i s part of expl osi on Th e met h od the d evel opmen t pl osi on of i nterpretati on speci fi ed h azard s t u rbu l en ce the t ype l i nk of can h azard expl osi on s an d expl osi on th i s of expl osi on s sh ou l d bet ween of in part be i n fl u en ce a i s the g i ven of in 61 84 the In h azard d eg ree det ermi n ed an d common l y recog n i zed of responsi bi l i ty expl osi on i ndi ces I S0 protecti on of th ei r by the rel ati on to en cou n t ered parti cu l ar, the si g ni fi cantl y t u rbu l en ce speci al i sts In an d in appl y 61 84 expl osi on s to i g ni ti on i n di ces of the i s appl i cabl e pertai ni n g after to i g ni ti on pertai n i ng to on l y the the of to the det ermi n ati on d evel opmen t th e of react an t s di ti on s of t n ed It n ecessary d oes to n ot cau se react an ts, d eg ree practi ce, a the ex- fu el /ai r I S0 i n di ces speci fi c fi el ds of N OTE - expl osi ve wh i ch sou rce Du st and range, cannot may be g as/ai r can cau sed become mi xtu res, form to expl osi ve expl ode expl osi ve if both at concentrati ons mi xt u res even wi th a fl ammabl e wh en a g as hi g h or bel ow combi n ed energy vapour the Du st i gni ti on i s added, I S0 61 64/3- 966 ( E) Defi n i ti on s For the ti on s N OTE pu rpose of th i s part of I S0 61 64 the fol l owi n g defi ni - - Under vessel s wi th vol u me of a certai n l ength l ess than expl osi on : Propag at i on of a fl ame in a pre- mi xt u re thi s rati o combu st i bl e g ases, su spen d ed du st( s) , combu st i bl e expl osi on i n d ex K or a cl osed mi xtu res or su bstan ti al l y expl osi on an ce wi th wh i ch th ereof, the N OTE - of in s h ows h avi n g pressu re/t i me of determi n ed in th i s expl osi on a vessel the respecti vel y, as r, not : val i d or for wi th a a typi cal part of in of accord - I S0 of val u e 3 61 64, a speci fi ed a vol u me cu rve, - of expl osi on pressu re i n dexp, : i n the vessel th e ti me of over val u e a wi d e of ran g e the of expl o- react an t Th e vi ol en ce of an expl osi on i s eval u at ed from d eg ree wh i ch of the i n dex : t u rbu l en ce expl osi on N u meri cal in th e i ndi ces t erm wh i ch experi men tal are ch aract eri zes di ti on s u n der determi n ed m3 expressed i n bars1 3 expl osi on Maxi mu m at Maxi mu m t est s K, , , , , t u rbu l en ce the a fu el by in t u rbu l en ce parameter overpressu re i g ni ti on rel ati ve attai n ed to du ri n g the of as di spersi on acti vat i on the ti me proced u re of t u rbu l en ce t, i n dex defi ned th e i gni ti on prevai l i ng at in (i gni ti on del ay) i nterval an : experi men t al sou rce Experi men t al the between I t ch aracteri zes the momen t T, : Rat i o of i ni ti ati on apparat u s, the of an d d eg ree i g ni ti on expl osi on 2 i n dex expl osi on p, , , i ndexp, , , : determi n ed by Maxi mu m test s over a val u e wi d e of the ran g e expl osi on of 3 react an t the is 3 rat e expl osi on of pressu re i n d ex ri se K: wi t h Con st an t ti me ( dpl dt) , defi ni n g of an the tu rbu l en ce expl osi on g i ven V, accord i n g x to th e by i n dex the as speci fi ed of K, , , ax, qu i escent of t h e in K a K N OTE v”3 Fi g u re 05 Pa q u i escen t I S0 i n dex 61 64 react an t s to It max, tu rbu l ent - msx, qu i escent For fuel /ai r mi xtu res, Kmax, qu i escen i st a theoreti cal l y C = of = equ ati on Ti me, bar expl osi on part eq u at i on parameter the i n th i s maxi mu m expl osi on T, vol u me i n d ex K max, tu rbu ren tdetermi n ed cen t rat i on s is than vapou rk) , su ch the term, speci fi ed t n ed react an t s Fi g u re an d secon d s the oxi dan t vessel Nu meri cal met h od s ch aract eri zes cen trat i on cl osed I n d ex: test i n a g aseou s K, , *: i n dex d et ermi n ed cen trat i on s mi st( s) , I) equati on greater m? of si on an di ameter appl y the ci rcu mstan ces, to t deri ved I S0 Test met h od 20 bar Th i s open i n g t n er General is experi men t al ch osen as expl osi on g as scri bed in pl u s ced u re a descri bed an d fu el s is an d cases mi xtu re wi th du st , part wh ere an d combu st i bl e th i s of the If th e of fu el the the test th i s I S0 part for r, respecti vel y Th i s in su i tabl e mi xed combu sti bl e u sed the du st) in be for of a part s for l i qui d) exampl e, or sh ou l d proced u re g as an i ndi ces bu sti bl e dard apparat u s of I S0 eval u ati on fu el is of proced u res speci fi es i s a h ybri d g i ves recommen d at i on s mi st (fi ne dropl ets de- for test th e pro- the g aseou s descri bed of oxi dan t mi xtu re is of di fferen t i n th i s part of I S0 n ot r, bu t, composi ti on , 61 84 can be ad apt ed for Wh en the n ot ambi en t, part Th e of i ni ti al pressu re or t emperat u re a t est I S0 proced u re 61 84 can exampl e, a t h e t est proced u res apparat u s si mi i ar to of the the fu el /ai r procedu res mi xtu re is d escri bed in del ay, wi t h sh own as tai n er pl osi on h ol e i n the area t u be the mm ( 3/4 the Th e by mean s is formed semi ci rcu l ar sh al l be ch osen i s approxi mat el y 300 i n) t en t s val ve wh i ch di ameter) pi pe of ch amber di ameter % an el ectri c to sou rce of tu rbu l en ce 30 is bari u m of compri ses kJ g ni trate the an d i n dex 2, fu se measu re the t n er of a i nto spray su ch qu i ckof mm a per- pi pe t h at is th ei r Th e total mm2 t, = an d an d h ead pyrot ech n i c to 0, i g ni te s Th e si st s 30 Th e expl osi on expl osi on t wo set % of bari u m i gni ter ch amber a total 40 pressu re wi t h fi xed i g ni ti on of zi rcon i u m l ocat ed pressu re, i g ni ters mass % peroxi de is A ch amber after It at i gni - metal , i s i g n i ted the bei n g by g eomet ri c t ran sd u cer th i s the a i s fi tted l i nked to a recorder of H ybri d Prepare a vol u me in essen ti al l y of fi g u re m3 an d of a cyl i ndri cal an aspect rati o expl osi on nomi n al l y of an d th e u si n g en su re th at qu i red mi xtu re g as/ai r the the g as/ai r test mi xt u re met h od of in correct n ess mi xtu re is sampl e, the th e parti al an d m3 ch amber pressu res the It by, for i s i mportan t h omog en ei t y of th e exto re- veri fi ed approxi mat el y ch amber Procedu re ampl e, Pl ace A open i n g expl osi on mm h ol es sou rce be u sed si st s 1 , of a by readi n g “oxi dan t ” Apparatu s ch amber : ms wi t h i nj ecti on “ai r” th i s of en erg y i nternal ( to i gni ti on cen t re Wh en i n stead Th e t &n combu sti bl e r n i t rog en /oxyg en th e cross- sect i on al total N OTES i n) to IO fi tted al l ows (E) St an the ( combu st i bl e of ( 3/4 forated n u mber a com- I nfern ati on al 61 64 61 64 is wh i ch wi th i n n ect ed Th e tai n er val ve 61 64/3- 966 i s capabl e I capaci fy of bei n g i s at t ach ed pressu ri zed to th e wi th ex- r to to th e obtai n pressu ri ze d u st the it appropri ate wi t h r to mass of wh i ch cen t rat i on , 20 bar Start sh al l i n the the /- Pressu re t ran sd u cer Combu st i bl e spray pi pe Fi g u re mi xtu re requ i red I t n er pressu re Con tai n er - fuel /ai r be t h at record er an d an d I S0 61 64/3- 965 t h en acti vate the ( E) sampl e t n er val ve fol l owed by th e It is t h erefore dropl et i gni ter th at - Letti ng ch amber i ndu ces N OTE the the compressed compressed tu rbul ence du st/ai r in charg e du st/ai r the on charg e gas/ai r the i nto mi xtu re fi nal the The expl osi ve expl osi on i nfl uence reactant of wi l l shou l d be take’ n i nto wi l l ‘ create tu rbu l en ce i g ni ti on occu r the of the to in ri g ht Aft er the det ermi n e th e pl an t, si ze of to dropl et s mi st/ai r mi xtu re before an d an d mi xtu re i s effect ed in h as the the sel ect t est s a t est the ri g h t been g eomet ri c wh at devi ce l evel of establ i sh ed, cen t re of the concen- expl osi on trati on n ecessary si zes ch amber, u si n g the i gni ti on sou rce men t i on ed in accou nt I Repeat ti on s th i s to proced u re obt n secon d versu s vol u me [% ( see fi g u re for cu rves of react an t ( V/VI I to a wi d e pm, in ran g e bars, of cen trati on , react an t K, an d as pmax an d det ermi n e in a cen t ra- bar met res per percen t ag e by 3 Determi nati on For determi n ati on N OTE - t i me the The ch amber has an al ways i gni ti on i nterval del ay needed tvcorresponds i nfl uence exi st s in on the a du st to tu rbul ence to i ndex di sperse a speci fi c al l l evel t, the of su spen si on, 7’ , , is ch osen du st Si n ce n ecessari l y for in turbu l ence Kmax val u es measu red expl osi on i ndi ces Kmax respect i vel y 3) the fu el /ai r is of these the Tu some tests of mi xtu res, react an t of t ests the expl osi on sh ou l d cen t rat i on be ( see Kmx i ndi cesp, , , , , an d carri ed fi g u re ou t over a wi d e of ran g e 3) expl osi on and hence turbul ence greater than I 4 Al ternati ve Th e expl osi on u si n g test i n di ces al ternati ve vi di n g th at resu l ts obt n ed of t est su ch meth ods fuel /ai r mi xt u res eq u i pmen t met h od s u si n g the an d/or g i ve can t est resu l ts be determi n ed proced u res pro- commen su rat e m3 apparat u s for a l arg e wi th n u mber of fu el s of I nterpretati on Th e t est can met h od s pmx i n di ces be st at ed mi nati on is d epen d en t ti me of th at, +4 on in % the of resul ts in cl au se fu el /ai r g en eral , Th e the accu rg cy di t i on s of mi xtu res al l ow the to be accu racy of of a Kmx tu rbu l en ce of expl osi on det ermi n ed det ermi n ati on the It a pmax deter- mi xt u re is at t h e i g ni ti on Test Th e descri bed Kmx an d test t est report report sh al l a) t ype of b) parti cl e c) di ti on s d1 pmx, e) Km, , f) fu el i n cl u de the fol l owi n g i n formati on : fu el s( s) ; si ze di stri bu ti on ; of t u rbu l en ce in bars; in bar met res cen trat i on per ( tu rbu l en ce i n dex) ; secon d ; correspon di n g to th e pmax an d Kmx measu remen t s: Fi g ure g) an y cl au se Mi st/ai r mi xtu re wi del y t rary to d epen d i n g dardi zed mean s du st s, on of th e the parti cl e si tu ati on establ i sh i n g su ch report ed tests h) Si n ce, devi ati on s 4; si zes i n the the of the pl an t, mi st/ai r mi st t h ere mi xtu re can i s no in the are t est proced u re permi ssi bl e, speci fi ed provi ded t h ey in are exactl y; the case of vary g en erat i n g devi ce; j) test st an d at e from devi ati on s of mi st/ai r mi xt u res, detai l s of th e mi st