I n tern ati on al St an d ard I N TE RN ATI ON AL ORG AN I ZATI ON Expl osi on Part 2: Fi rst U DC prot ect i on in de S TAN D ARD I ZATI ON W4 E ~ I ( n YH AP On H AR of i p, + &l I - I O CTAH ~ AP TI Al @4 W* ORG AN l S ATl ON I N TE RN ATI ON ALE DE N ORM ALI S ATI ON - expl osi on i n d i ces of combu st i bl e r prot ect i on ed i t i on OP r AH H J AU M R sys t ems Det ermi n at i on g as es Sys t h mes FOR 41 f@ - co n t re l es expl os i on s - Part i e 2: D&t ermi n at i on d es i n d i ces &expl os i on d es g az combu st i bl es d an s l ’ r 965- 1 - 61 63 Ref N o I S0 61 64/2 - 65 ( E) P Descri pt ors : expl osi on proofi n g , bu rn i n g g ases, tests, expl osi on i n d ex P i is Pri ce based on pag es Foreword I S0 (the n at i on al I n t ern at i on al st an d ard s St an d ard s bo d y the is n ormal l y i n t erest ed ri g h t men t al Draft to member the I S0 l east 75 U sers l at est for Th ey approval by St an d ard for sh ou l d t h at ou t an y fi re n ot e t h at edi t i on , I n t ern at i on al u n l ess al l an d ot h erwi se wi th by bef ore in was h erei n is work t ech n i cal of h as I n t ern at i on al I SO, al so tech n i cal accept an ce wi th f ed erat i on prepari n g commi t t ees t ake in the are i n t ern at i on al I S0 member est abl i sh ed org an i zat i on s, part of I n t ern at i on al Each been commi t t ees as h as g overn - work ci rcu l ated to St an d ard s by proced u res req u i ri n g Commi t t ee I SO/TC at voti n g prepared by Tech n i cal 21 , fi g h ti n g St an d ard s to an y ot h er u n d erg o St an d ard i zat i on , revi si on I n t ern at i on al st at ed for a worl d wi d e commi t t ee accord an ce bod i es fi re the t h ei r I n t ern at i on al m ad e Org an i zat i on Pri n t ed I n Swi t zerl an d ad opt ed 61 64/2 I S0 Th e commi t t ee l i son membe r I S0 bod i es) a tech n i cal approved the prot ect i on ref eren ce t h at in approval are St an d ard i zat i on ) t h rou g h wh i ch on St an d ard s bod i es for membe r for n on - g overn men t al , I n t ern at i on al Eq u i pmen t carri ed represen t ed Cou n ci l % ( I S0 a su bj ect I n t ern at i on al the an d in be an d Org an i zat i on bod i es 85 f rom St an d ard t i me to t i me i mpl i es i ts I N TERN ATI ON AL Expl osi on Part protecti on 2: syst ems Determi nati on g ases I S0 STAN DARD in of Th e pl osi on assessmen t ag n st mi xtu res of of expl osi on requ i res severi t y su ch i n di ces measu res h azard s pri or requ i red i nvol vi ng determi nat i on mi xtu res, by of the to provi de protec- combu st i bl e the poten ti al measu remen t g as/ai r expl osi on of Con versel y, the measu remen t of the h azard s t u rbu l en ce the l i nk t ype h azard expl osi on s performan ce Th e be of severi t y fol l owi n g expl osi on protect i on ag n st expl osi on s t est ed of effect i ven ess a combu sti bl e g as syst ems of requ i res kn o wn expl osi on t h at properti es of the i s a fu n ct i on combu st i bl e pl an ts the cen t rati on of the combu st i bl e g i ven In h azard d eg ree of responsi bi l i ty parti cu l ar, t u rbu l en ce of the si g ni fi cantl y an d speci al i sts d eg ree I n practi ce, in a speci fi c the fi el ds of protecti on of tu rbu l en ce common l y en cou n t ered in i n- are : of the a) qu i escen t b) hi gh sh ou l d di ti on s t u rbu l en ce prevai l i n g di t i on s in st orag e prevai l i n g vessel s; i n th e reg i on of an fan be real i zed th at t u rbu l en ce can ari se in t wo ways : g as; a) b) the expl osi on ext remes extract i on ch emi cal recog n i zed t h ey severi ty : th e a i s the an d be i nfl u en ce an d It a) combu sti bl e expl osi on du sfri al sh ou l d sh ou l d can bet ween of Two i n di ces of r of ti on (E) - expl osi on I n trodu cti on 61 64/2- 666 g as in the t u rbu l en ce i ntri nsi c to the pl an t, u n d er n ormal g as/ai r operati n g di ti on s, as a seq u en ce of pert u rbati on s to mi xtu re; the cl th e h omog en ei t y an d tu rbu l en ce of the r- fl ow; combu st i bl e b) g as/ai r t u rbu l en ce l ati on d) the type, e) th e g eomet ry f) the en erg y, of temperat u re, g as/ai r an d the l ocati on of th e i g ni ti on part of I S0 protecti on : d u st s Part tu res Part wh i ch by obstru ct i on s expan d s as t h e wi th i n resu l t of an an i nstal - expl osi on tai n er; an d pressu re of the combu st i bl e Scope 61 64 syst ems is on e Th e of a ot h er seri es part s deal i n g are as wi t h fol l ows part ex- of th e : en cl osed u si n g Part a g as mi xtu re Th i s pl osi on on sou rce; Th i s i n d u ced mi xtu re; Determi n at i on in 3: of i n di ces of combu st i bl e r t h an of du st/ai r Determi n at i on expl osi on an d of i n di ces g as/ai r effi cacy of of fu el /ai r I S0 61 64 as test speci fi es i ndi ces space oth er i n di ces I S0 Determi n at i on oth er : expl osi on of expl osi on It of g i ves th e proced u res d etermi n ed by a met h od for combu st i bl e cri teri a can the be by wh i ch correl at ed met h od the g ases det ermi n ati on wi t h resu l ts to speci fi ed yi el d in r in an obt n ed expl osi on th i s part of 61 64 mi x- mi xt u res expl osi on su ppressi on Fi el d of appl i cati on syst ems Th i s Th e met h od the i nterpretati on speci fi ed d evel opmen t of expl osi on in th i s of expl osi on s part of I S0 in i ndi ces 61 64 det ermi n ed an d common l y th ei r by rel ati on en cou n t ered the to ex- part expl osi on g as/ai r to of I S0 61 64 i n di ces expl osi on s i n di ces i s appl i cabl e pertai n i ng after pertai n i ng to i g ni ti on to th e the of on l y to the determi nat i on devel opmen t react an ts di t i on s It of d oes n ecessary of t n ed n ot to appl y cau se I S0 61 &I /2- 966 (E) i g ni ti on of th e react an t s cedu re for th e determi n ati on resu l t in cl u ded at i on i gni ti on t h at of th e su ch expl osi on s of th e g as in cases an d If the g as/ai r expl osi on it can n ot be experi men tal expl osi on mi xtu re, q u esti on sh ou l d speci fi ed of l eft to i n di ces sh ou l d expl ode n ot Th e speci al i sts in pro- d oes be n ot - 3 rat e expl osi on of vol u me Defi n i ti on s For th e ti ons pu rpose of ri se accordi n g fi el d th i s part of I S0 61 64 the fol l owi ng - Under a certai n vessel s wi th l ength vol u me of expl osi on l ess than mi st(s) , or a cl osed, Propag at i on g ases, or of su spen d ed mi xt u res K i n dex th ereof, su bstan ti al l y a fl ame du st ( s) , a pre- mi xtu re combu sti bl e i n a g aseou s cl osed, in oxi dan t of th e val u e as r, expl osi on wh i ch wi t h the i n dex: t est cen t rati on of Nu meri cal met h od s ch aract eri zes the react an t s 3 N OTE th e an - Fi gu re secon ds in term, speci fi ed t n ed sh ows the respecti vel y, of expl osi on pressu re i n th e a vessel det ermi n ed in th i s expl osi on h avi n g part of I S0 pressu re/ti me a typi cal a vol u me i n dexp, : of - the ti me of expressed 3 m3 in bars1 the of overpressu re i gni ti on i n dexp, , : by Maxi mu m t est s over a val u e wi d e rel ati ve att n ed of th e ran g e Th e the of by to i n dex: of over an the term are of tu rbu l en ce i nj ecti on acti vati on of 3 as t h e the i g ni ti on prevai l i n g g i ven by the at i n dex i n d ex (i g ni ti on ti me procedu re t u rbu l en ce expl osi on t, i n d ex defi n ed 05 react an t T, val i d or for wi th the of a expl o- reactan t i s eval u at ed wh i ch from ch aract eri zes di t i on s u n d er in an T, : Rati o as speci fi ed K, , , , , , qu i escentof of of turbu l en t max, qu i escent t the of an d d eg ree i g ni ti on the i n th i s the i ni ti ati on apparat u s, I t ch aract eri zes momen t eq u at i on max, the experi men t al sou rce the Experi men t al bet ween = K Pa of ran g e del ay) : i nterval expl osi on Fi g u re = not : det ermi n ed c bar val u e a wi d e experi men t al Ti me, is than expl osi on Nu meri cal in i n di ces K max, Wrbu l en tdet ermi n ed du ri n g cen t rat i on s ) equati on greater Maxi mu m t est s vi ol en ce tu rbu l en ce expl osi on K det ermi n ed th i s rati o K, , , , , : i n dex determi n ed t u rbu l en ce the expl osi on pm di ameter -rn3 tu rbu l en ce paramet er expl osi on Maxi mu m vessel at cu rve, ci rcu mst an ces, to 61 64, a speci fi ed is i n d ex a i n accord- of expl osi on 2 in equ at i on Kmax of d eg ree a g as/ai r and maxi mu m expl osi on in vessel wh i ch an ce the an vapou rfs) , su ch the of defi ni - cen t rati on s combu sti bl e th e defi n i ng tdpl dt) , of appl y expl osi on : to Con st an t ti me prot ecti on si on wi t h i nterpret- th e N OTE V, K: i n dex pressu re expl osi on part of q u i escen t I S0 i n dex 61 64 react an t s to It I S0 Test met h od - N OTE A su i tabl e i g ni ti on tran sformer 61 64/2- 966 sou rce i s prod u ced ( approxi matel y 300 VA) wi t h ( E) by u si n g a h i g h vol t ag e an ou t pu t of kV ( effect i ve val u e) Gen eral Th e Th e is experi men t al ch osen as expl osi on apparat u s an exampl e, i n di ces of d escri bed an d is in th i s su i tabl e combu sti bl e g ases for in part the of I S0 61 64 eval u ati on spark l ocated Th e A apparat u s si st s ch amber wi th sh own apparat u s &I , as essen ti al l y a vol u me in of fi g u re of m3 an d an a cyl i ndri cal can aspect rati o n omi nal l y pressu re pressu re, expl osi on t n er of be cen t re i s arran g ed be vari ed pl osi on ch amber Th i s bar open i n g n ect ed ( 3/4 i n) at ed (4 wh i ch wi th i n to the i nternal n u mber to of al l ows ms h ol e in of pi pe pressu ri zed a i nj ecti on open i n g of th e the by wh i ch mm val ve ch amber t u be i s at t ach ed bei n g wi th di amet er) the area of fi tted di ameter h ol es cross- secti on al is expl osi on mm I capaci t y i s capabl e t n er val ve tai n er an d is sh al l be of the to t est mm an d sh al l be apparat u s so th at the if n ecessary is fi tted i g ni ti on from del ay test to ( t u rbu l en ce test i s approxi matel y 300 th at Combu st i bl e g as/ai r an t h an wi th the mi n i mu n mi xtu res, el ectri c spark i g ni ti on q u i escen t wi th en erg y for an r or of th e sou rce, a perfor- th ei r Th e sparks a su i tabl e su st n ed for 0, i g ni ti on sou rce i s a seri es of ch amber as i g ni ti on from en erg y i s ch osen , t h ose descri bed obt n ed u si ng i t i s possi bl e th at a l ow energy the i gni ti on above Proced u re Qu i escen t the be the bei n g at g reater n ess an d g as t est ed veri fi ed i ndu cti on i g ni ti on pl osi on s g as/ai r met h od at mosph eri c th e expl osi on mi xtu re of test Start sou rce ch amber t h at the U pon wi t h in parti al pressu re h omog en ei t y En su re qu i escen t exampl e, expl osi on total sh al l bei n g d evi ate su ch Prepare materi al measu re recorder is mm pi pe en erg y to a the tu rbu l ent, to to mm2 i gni ti on l i nked I f a very h i g h wi l l exampl e, i g ni ted bei n g qu i ck- a i nto spray su ch ex- tai n er of formed ch osen i n) t en t s Th e the wi t h (3/4 mean s semi ci rcu l ar to t ran sd u cer th i s N OTE - approxi mat el y 20 For n ormal l y of resu l t s A sh ou l d g eomet ri c Apparatu s Th e : the of r i n dex g ap in of th e the It m3 ch amber th e i s i mportan t the requ i red mi xtu re pressu re pressu res, is recorder compl et i on of th at the g as/ai r al l owed an d each by, resu l tan t t h en test, correct - mi xtu re to is become act i vat e pu rg e for mi xtu re the the ex- r Contai ner /- Pressu re transdu cer Combu sti bl e spray pi pe Fi g u re I S0 61 64/2- 666 Repeat to th i s obtai n secon d , proced u re cu rves versu s ( V/v) 1 % fi g u re g as to over a wi d e in pm, of ran g e bars, cen t rat i on , as pmx det ermi n e of g as K, an d bar met res percen t ag es Kmx an d cen t rat i on s in by per vol u me respecti vel y ( see 3) I t sh ou l d can (El be occu r n ot ed as i nstabi l i ti es pl osi on s th at resu l t resu l t symmet ri cal pretati on a in of resu l t s Prepare sh own sh ou l d expl osi on Tu rbu l en t the wi th cases in be to expl osi on mi xtu re th e i g ni ti on cu rves fi g u re l eft combu st i on an d i nstabi l i ti es factors wh i ch In are su ch speci al i sts Th ese n ot cases, i n the the i nter- fi el d of ex- protecti on g as g as/ai r accord an ce certai n g eometri c pressu re/ti me s- sh ape an d in of in met h od t est s the ms descri bed expl osi on in ch amber in Pressu ri ze the A I t n er t h en acti vate i g ni ti on the of the to ch arg e - of Repeat ( see Kmx bar sampl e Start the tai n er resu l t s Th e in th e fi g u re pu rg e procedu re 3) to t, after a t u rbu l en t i n fl u ence each t est , g as/ai r i n dex pl osi ve g as cen t rati on ti on 20 tu rbu l en t tu rbu l en ce N OTE r pressu re val ve recorder fol l owed Combu sti bl e g as concentrati on Combu sti bl e g as cen tra&n an d by the sou rce I g ni ti on del ay, r wi t h obtai n of the g as over a wi d e cu rves of a of expl osi on be t aken expl osi on at i nj ecti on compressed sh ou l d the mi xt u re the ch osen the ( see r ch arg e i nto accou n t ch amber ran g e of pm an d K wi th g as to i gni ti on compressed fi g u re on 4) t h e fi nal U pon ex- compl e- r cen t rat i on s obt n pmx an d Fi g u re respect i vel y Con t n er empti ed I I V -I y ii h I k! -0 r I E ‘i i i i I Lo w t u rbu l en ce H i g h t u rbu l en ce I F Turbu l ence I ndex tv I I \ \ I t Tu rbu l en ce Fi g u re i n dex t v I S0 4 Al ternati ve Th e expl osi on test i n di ces of met h od s combu sti bl e g as/ai r mi xt u res can Test ced u res u si n g provi di n g met h odol og y u si n g al tern ati ve the g i ves m3 t h at test it resu l ts equ i pmen t h as been proven commen su rat e apparat u s for a l arg e an d/or wi t h t est th at resu l ts n u mber of ( E) report be Th e det ermi n ed 61 64/2- 965 t est report sh al l i n cl u de the fol l owi ng i nformati on: prosu ch a) t ype of combu st i bl e b) di ti on s g as; obtai n ed g ases of t u rbu l en ce ( tu rbu l en ce i n dex) or ( see q u i escen ce; ) cl combu st i bl e pmaw an d Th e I n terpretati on t est i n di ces t u res met h od s pmax an d to be of test d escri bed Kmax of determi n ed resu l ts in cl au se q u i escen t an d al l ow th e tu rbu l en t expl osi on g as/ai r d) expl osi on i ndexp, , , can be st at ed th at, in g en eral , e) expl osi on i nd ex of a pmax determi n at i on K max determi n ati on bu l en ce of the is mi xtu re d epen d en t at the ti me is zk u pon of % Th e the i gni ti on accu racy di ti on s of correspon d i n g to the Kmax, in bars; in bar met res per secon d ; an y devi ati on s from the t est proced u re speci fi ed in the cl au se accu racy cen t rat i on mi xf) It g as Kmax measu remen t s; of 4; su ch devi at i on s are permi ssi bl e, provi ded t h ey are a reported exact l y; g) of tu rd at e test