TECHNIC AL REPORT ISO/TR 945 -3 First edition 01 6-05 -01 Microstructure of cast irons — Part : Matrix structures Microstructure des fontes — Partie 3: Structures de matrice Reference number ISO/TR 945-3 : 01 6(E) © ISO 01 ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise speci fied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester ISO copyright office Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v Scope Designations and descriptions of cast iron microstructures Ferrite 2 Pearlite Austenite 2 Acicular ferrite 2 Ausferrite 2 Bainite 2 Cementite 2 Ledeburite 2 Martensite Sampling and preparation of samples 3 Samples taken from castings and cast samples 3 Sample preparation Matrix structures 4.1 Grey cast irons 4.2 Spheroidal graphite cast irons 4.3 Austenitic cast irons 4.4 Malleable cast irons 1 4.5 Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons 4.6 Ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons 4.7 Abrasion-resistant cast irons Annex A (informative) Spheroidal graphite cast irons: Evaluation of pearlite content Annex B (informative) List of European and some national cast iron material designations corresponding to the ISO designations Bibliography © ISO 01 – All rights reserved iii ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso.org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Details of any patent rights identi fied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning of ISO speci fic terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 25 , Ca st iro n s a n d p ig ISO 945 consists of the following parts, under the general title Micro stru ctu re — Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis — Part 2: Graphite classification by image analysis [Technical Report] — Pa rt 3: Ma trix stru ctu re s iro n s o f ca st iro n s : [Technical Report] The following parts are under preparation: — iv Part 4: Determination of nodularity in spheroidal graphite cast irons © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) Introduction T he des ignation of cas t iron matri x s truc tures as given in this p ar t of I SO 45 is in conformity with the des ignations published by several national foundr y organis ations [1 ] [ ] [ ] o r o the r p ub l i s he r s [4] T h i s Te c h n ic a l Re p o r t a i m s to — g i ve the de s i g n ati o n s , p re c i s e de s c r ip tio n s a n d re fe re nce m i c ro g rap h s o f the m atr i x s tr uc tu re s of c a s t i ro n s , a n d — fac i l i tate the d i s c u s s io n a nd to avo i d m i s u nde r s t a n d i n g b e t we e n m a nu fac tu re r a nd p u rc h a s e r regarding the identi fication of matri x s truc tures © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d v TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Microstructure of cast irons — Part 3: Matrix structures Scope This Technical Report gives the designations, descriptions and reference micrographs of the matrix structures of cast irons It applies to the following types of cast irons: Table 4.1); spheroidal graphite cast irons (Table 4.2); austenitic cast irons (Table 4.3); malleable cast irons (Table 4.4); compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons (Table 4.5); ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons (Table 4.6); abrasion-resistant cast irons (Table 4.7) — grey cast irons ( — — — — — — Each matrix structure is de fined with explanations and micrographs Unless otherwise stated in Clause 4, the micrographs shown correspond to samples etched with a solution of % nitric acid in ethanol (Nital) 2 Designations and descriptions of cast iron microstructures Ferrite Ferrite also known as α-ferrite (α-Fe) or alpha iron is a materials science term for iron, or for a solid solution with iron as the main constituent, with a body-centred cubic crystal structure It is this crystalline structure which gives to steels and cast irons their magnetic properties, and is the classic example of a ferromagnetic material Since pearlite has ferrite as a component, any iron-carbon alloy will contain some amount of ferrite if it is allowed to reach equilibrium at room temperature The exact amount of ferrite will depend on the cooling processes the iron-carbon alloy undergoes when it cools from liquid state 2 Pearlite Pearlite is a two-phased, lamellar (or layered) structure composed of alternating layers of alphaferrite (according thermal dynamical condition 88 % by mass) and cementite (12 % by mass) The lamellar appearance is misleading since the individual lamellae within a colony are connected in three dimensions; a single colony is therefore an interpenetrating bicrystal of ferrite and cementite Pearlite is a common microstructure occurring in many grades of cast irons If cast iron is cooled very slowly or as a result of heat treatment, the cementite can occur in globules instead of in layers This structure is designated as globular pearlite © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Austenite Austenite, also known as gamma phase iron (γ-Fe), is a non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron, stabilized by an alloying element, e.g nickel Austenite is the face-centred cubic crystal structure of iron Acicular ferrite Acicular ferrite is a microstructure of ferrite that is characterized by needle shaped crystallites or grains when viewed in two dimensions The grains, actually three dimensional in shape, have a thin lenticular shape This microstructure is advantageous over other microstructures because of its chaotic ordering, which increases toughness Ausferrite Ausferrite is a special type of multi-phase microstructure that occurs when cast irons with a silicon content of about % or higher are austempered Austempering consists of rapidly cooling the fully austenitic iron to avoid the formation of pearlite to a temperature above that of martensite formation and holding for the time necessary to precipitate the ausferrite matrix This microstructure consists primarily of acicular ferrite in carbon enriched austenite Bainite Bainite is a multi-phase microstructure, consisting of acicular ferrite and cementite that forms in cast irons during rapid cooling It is one of the decomposition products that can form when austenite is cooled rapidly below the eutectoid temperature, but above the martensitic starting (M s) temperature Bainite can also form from the decomposition of ausferrite upon extended heating above the temperature at which it was formed Cementite Cementite, also known as iron carbide, is a compound of iron and carbon, with the formula Fe3 C By mass, it is 6,7 % carbon and 93,3 % iron Cementite has an orthorhombic crystal structure In the iron-carbon system cementite is a common constituent because ferrite contains maximum 0,02 % by mass of carbon Therefore, in cast irons that are slowly cooled, a part of these elements is in the form of cementite In the case of white cast irons, cementite precipitates directly from the melt In grey cast irons or spheroidal graphite cast irons, cementite forms either from austenite during cooling or from martensite during tempering, or from the decomposition of ausferrite An intimate mixture of cementite with ferrite, the other product of austenite, forms a lamellar structure called pearlite (see 2.2) Ledeburite Ledeburite is an eutectic mixture of austenite and cementite and is formed when the melt at least partly solidi fies according the metastable Fe-C-Si system Martensite Martensite is formed from austenite by rapid cooling (quenching) which traps carbon atoms that not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure The martensite lattice is body-centred tetragonal composed of ferrite and carbon This martensitic reaction begins during cooling when the austenite reaches the martensite start temperature (M s) and the parent austenite becomes mechanically unstable At a constant temperature below M s , a fraction of the parent austenite transforms rapidly, after which no further transformation occurs When the temperature is decreased, more of the austenite transforms to martensite Finally, when the martensite finish temperature (M f) is reached, © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) the transformation ends Martensite can also be formed by application of stress in ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons (SI TRAM effect: stress induced transformation from austenite to martensite) Thus, martensite can be thermally induced or stress induced Sampling and preparation of samples Samples taken from castings and cast samples The location from which samples are taken should be agreed between the manufacturer and purchaser and should take into account the requirements speci fied in the appropriate material standard If an examination report is required, the location from where the final sample is taken shall be recorded The sample should be of sufficient size to provide a true representation of the matrix structure in the agreed location from which it is taken Sample preparation Attention should be paid to the careful cutting, grinding, polishing and etching of samples, so that the matrix structure appears in its original form Inappropriate preparation can cause alteration of the microstructure and misinterpretations Sample preparation should be carried out in four stages: 1) sectioning; 2) grinding; 3) polishing; 4) etching NOTE In some cases mounting of the sample in a polymeric material can be necessary The examination of the matrix structure shall be carried out in the etched condition © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Matrix structures 4.1 Grey cast irons Table 4.1 — Grey cast irons according to ISO 185 [5] Micrograph 4.1 Material designation Matrix structure I S O 5/ J L/1 0 P e a rl i te – fe r r i te I S O 5/ J L/ H B W1 5 10 x P e a rl i te – fe r r i te 4.1 10 x I S O 5/ J L/1 4.1 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W1 P e a rl i te – fe r r i te 500 x © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Table 4.7 (continued) Micrograph Material designation Matrix structure 4.7.11 10 x 4.7.1 50 x ISO 21988/JN/HBW60 0XCr35 Primary M 7C carbides Eutectic M C carbides Eutectic aus tenite partially transformed to martensite and ine secondary carbides by heat f treatment NO TE Etchant used on the samples 4.7 up to and including 4.7 is acidic ferric chloride (AFC ) in ethanol NO TE I nformation on etchant: — add ml of HC l to 10 ml of ethanol; — progressively add 25 g of ferric chloride and stir until fully dissolved; — dilute the solution of AFC to approximately % to 50 % with additional ethanol to suit 30 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) Table 4.7 (continued) Micrograph Material designation Matrix structure 4.7.13 10 x 4.7.14 50 x Primary austenite ISO 21988/JN/ HBW60 0XCr20Mo2Cu dendrites partially transformed to martensite and ine secondary carbides by heat f treatment Eutectic M C carbides Eutectic austenite partially transformed to martensite and ine secondary carbides by heat f treatment NO TE Etchant used on the samples 4.7 up to and including 4.7 is acidic ferric chloride (AFC ) in ethanol NO TE I nformation on etchant: — add ml of HC l to 10 ml of ethanol; — progressively add 25 g of ferric chloride and stir until fully dissolved; — dilute the solution of AFC to approximately % to 50 % with additional ethanol to suit © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 31 ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Annex A (informative) Spheroidal graphite cast irons: Evaluation of pearlite content Pearlite content, expressed as area percentage, is de fined by Formula (A.1) : Pearlite content = area with pearlitic structure total area − area o f graphite particles × 100 (A.1) Typical spheroidal graphite cast iron reference images, corresponding to 20 % to 100 % pearlite, are shown in Figure A.1 for the evaluation of the pearlite content 32 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3:2016(E) 20 % pearlite 30 % pearlite 40 % pearlite 50 % pearlite 60 % pearlite 70 % pearlite 80 % pearlite 90 % pearlite Figure A.1 — Spheroidal graphite cast irons matrix structure reference images © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 33 ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) Annex B (informative) List of European and some national cast iron material designations corresponding to the ISO designations 34 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d Table B.1 — Grey cast irons Organization and country ISO CEN Europe ASTM North America Standard/ Micrograph ISO 185 EN 1561 A48 1 4.1 , I S O 5/ J L/1 0 E N - G J L -1 0 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W1 5 E N - GJ L -H B 5 I S O 5/ J L/1 E N - G J L -1 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W1 E N - GJ L - H B 175 I S O 5/ J L/2 0 E N - G J L -2 0 A48M SAC China JIS Japan BIS India EOS Egypt GB/T 9439 JIS G 5501 IS 210 ES H T10 FC10 E S / J L/1 0 H1 5 C lass C las s H T1 E S / J L/ H B W1 5 FC1 FG E S / J L/1 4.1 4.1 4, H175 E S / J L/ H B W1 C lass C las s 0 H T2 0 FC 0 FG 0 E S / J L/2 0 C lass C las s 2 H T2 C las s H T2 FC FG E S / J L/2 C las s 75 H T2 75 E S / J L/2 4.1 I S O 5/ J L/2 I S O 5/ J L/2 E N - G J L -2 I S O 5/ J L/2 4.1 C lass 40 E S / J L/2 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W1 E N - G J L - H B 19 H 19 E S / J L/ H B W1 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W2 E N - GJ L -H B H21 E S / J L/ H B W2 I S O 5/ J L/3 0 E N - GJ L -3 0 C l a s s 45 C las s 0 H T3 0 FC 0 FG 0 E S / J L/3 0 I S O 5/ J L/3 E N - GJ L -3 C lass C las s H T3 FC FG E S / J L/3 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W2 E N - GJ L -H B H235 E S / J L/ H B W2 I S O 5/ J L/ H B W2 5 E N - GJ L -H B 5 H255 E S / J L/ H B W2 5 ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) 35 Organization and country ISO CEN Europe ASTM North America SAC China JIS Japan BIS India SIS Sweden Standard/ Micrograph ISO 1083 EN 1563 A 536 GB/T 13 48 JIS G 5502 IS 1865 SS 140720 and SS 140725 ISO 10 83/JS/350 -22 EN- GJS-350 -22 ISO 10 83/JS/40 -18 EN- GJS- 40 -18 ISO 10 83/JS/40 -15 EN- GJS- 40 -15 60 - 40 -18 QT350 -2 FCD 350 -22 SG 350/22 QT40 -18 FCD 40 -18 SG 400/18 QT40 -15 FCD 400 -15 SG 40 0/15 EN GJS- 450 -18 SS 0720 (C lass 45 0/1 2) ISO 10 83/JS/5 00 -10 EN- GJS-50 -14 QT50 -10 SS 0725 (C lass 50 0/10) EN- GJS- 600 -10 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW1 QT-HBW13 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW1 50 QT-HBW150 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW1 55 QT-HBW155 ISO 10 83/JS/450 -10 EN- GJS- 450 -10 65 - 45 -1 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW185 ISO 10 83/JS/5 00 -7 EN- GJS-50 -7 QT50 -7 80 -55 - 06 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW20, © ISO 01 – All rights reserved to ISO 10 83/JS/70 -2 11 ISO 10 83/JS/90 -2 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW33 , FCD 60 -3 SG 60 0/3 FCD 70 -2 SG 70 0/2 FCD 80 -2 SG 80 0/2 QT-HBW23 EN- GJS-70 -2 10 -70 - 03 EN- GJS-80 -2 20 -90 - 02 QT700 -2 QT-HBW265 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW3 0, 10, SG 50 0/7 QT550 -5 QT60 -3 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW26, ISO 10 83/JS/800 -2 FCD 00 -7 QT-HBW215 EN- GJS- 600 -3 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW2 , , SG 400/1 QT-HBW20 ISO 10 83/JS/HBW21 , ISO 10 83/JS/60 -3 FCD 40 -1 QT-HBW185 ISO 10 83/JS/550 -5 4 QT450 -10 QT80 -2 QT-HBW3 0 EN- GJS-90 -2 QT90 -2 QT-HBW33 SG 90 0/2 ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) 36 Table B.2 — Spheroidal graphite cast irons © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d Table B — Austenitic cast irons Organization and country ISO CEN Europe Standard/ Micrograph ISO 892 EN 13 835 I S O / J L A/ E N - G J L A- X N i1 C u C r2 X N i C u C r1 - -2 I S O / J L A/ E N - G J L A- X N i1 M n7 X N i M n1 -7 , I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A- X N i C r2 X N i C r2 -2 I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A- XNi M n4 XNi M n - I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A- X N i C r2 N b X N i C rN b -2 I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A-X N i 2 ASTM North America A436 (gray) A439 (ductile) Type Type 1b SAC China JIS Japan BIS India GB/T 26648 JIS G 5510 IS 2749 H TA N i1 C u C r2 F C A- N i C u C r A F G N i1 C u C r2 D -2 H TA N i1 M N F C A- N i M n A F G N i1 M n7 QTA N i C r2 F C D A- N i C r A S G N i C r2 20 QTA N i M n F C D A- N i M n AS G Ni M n4 23 QTA N i C r2 N b F C D A- N i C rN b 20 QTA N i 2 F C D A- N i 2 AS G Ni 2 AS G Ni XNi2 I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A-X N i D -5 QTA N i F C D A- N i I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A-X N i S i - D -5 S QTA N i S i C r2 F C D A- N i S i C r X N i S i C r2 C r3 - - I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A- X N i1 M n7 X N i M n1 -7 I S O / J S A/ E N - G J S A- X N i C r3 X N i C r3 - XNi3 I S O / J S A/ 30 5 QTA N i1 M n7 D -3 QTA N i C r3 F C D A- N i C r A S G N i C r3 30 D-4 QTA N i S i C r5 F C D A- N i S i C r A S G N i S i C r5 30 5 D5B QTA N i C r3 F C D A- N i C r 35 A S G N i C r3 37 ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) J S A/ X N i C r3 A S G N i1 M n7 13 X N i S i C r5 I SO 892/ F C D A- N i M n Organization and country ISO CEN Europe Standard/ Micrograph ISO 5922 EN 1562 ASTM North America A47 (ferritic) A47M (ferritic) SAC China JIS Japan BIS India GB/T 9440 JIS G 5705 IS 14329 to I S O 2 / J M W/3 - E N - G J M W- - KTB3 - 4 to I S O 2 / J M W/3 -1 E N - G J M W/ -1 K T B -1 to I S O 2 / J M W/4 0 - E N - G J M W/4 0 - to I S O 2 / J M W/45 -7 , 14 I S O 2 / J M W/5 - 4.4.1 I S O 2 / J M B/ - 4.4.16 4.17 to 4.4 2 , F C M W3 - WM KTB 40 - 05 F C M W4 - WM 0 E N - G J M W/45 -7 K T B 45 - F C M W45 - E N - G J M W/5 - KTB5 - I S O 2 / J M B/ 0 - E N - G J M B/3 0 - I S O 2 / J M B/ -1 E N - G J M B/3 -1 I S O 2 / J M B/45 - E N - G J M B/45 - G r a de 51 G r ad e 2 A220 (pearlitic) A220M (pearlitic) G r a de 45 0 G r ad e M G r a de 45 0 G r ad e M KTH 75 - F C M B 7- KTH3 0 - FC M B - BM 00 K T H -1 F C M B -1 BM 350 K T H 45 - F C M P45 - P M 45 I S O 2 / J M B/5 0 - E N - G J M B/5 0 - G r a de 0 G r ad e M KTH 0 - 05 FC M P5 - PM 0 I S O 2 / J M B/5 - E N - G J M B/5 - G r a de 0 G r ad e 41 M KTH 5 - FC M P5 - PM 5 I S O 2 / J M B/6 0 - E N - G J M B/6 0 - G r a de 70 0 G r ad e M KTH6 0 - 03 FC M P6 - PM 0 I S O 2 / J M B/6 -2 E N - G J M B/6 -2 G r a de 0 G r ad e 5 M KTH65 - 02 FC M P6 - I S O 2 / J M B/ 70 -2 E N - G J M B/ 70 -2 G r a de 0 G r ad e M K T H 70 - F C M P 70 - I S O 2 / J M B/8 0 -1 E N - G J M B/8 0 -1 KTH8 0 - 01 FC M P - 01 4.4 4.4 4, 4.4 4.4 , 4.4 © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d 4.4 , 4 P M 70 ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) 38 Table B.4 — Malleable cast irons © I SO – All rights reserved Table B.5 — Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons Organization and country ISO CEN Europe ASTM North America SAC China JIS Japan BIS India Standard/ Micrograph ISO 16112 EN 16079 A842 GB/T 26655 JIS G 5505 No standard published 5 I S O 1611 2/J V/3 0 E N- GJ V/3 0 Grade 0 RuT3 0 FC V3 0 I S O 1611 2/J V/3 E N- GJ V/3 Grade RuT3 FC V3 I S O 1611 2/J V/40 E N- GJ V/40 Grade 40 RuT40 FC V40 I S O 1611 2/J V/45 E N- GJ V/45 Grade 45 RuT45 FC V45 I S O 1611 2/J V/5 0 E N- GJ V/5 0 RuT5 0 FC V5 0 ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) 39 Organization and country ISO CEN Europe Standard/ Micrograph ISO 1780 EN 1564 , I S O 4/ J S/8 0 -1 E N - G J S/8 0 -1 I S O 4/ J S/9 0 - E N - G J S/9 0 - ASTM North America A897 A897M SAC China JIS Japan BIS India GB/T 4733 JIS G 5503 No standard published QT D 0 -1 , I S O 4/ J S/1 - E N - G J S/1 - 6 I S O 4/ J S/1 0 - I S O 4/ J S/14 0 -1 E N - G J S/1 0 - E N - G J S/14 0 -1 G r ad e G r ade 0/9 0/0 9 0/6 0/0 G r ad e G r ade 0/1 0/0 0/ 0/0 G r ad e G r ade 5/1 5/0 0/8 0/0 G r ad e G r ade 0/1 5/0 14 0/1 0/0 QT D 0 - FC AD 0 - QT D - QT D 0 - F C A D 0 -2 QT D 14 0 -1 F C A D 14 0 -1 I S O 4/ J S/ H B W4 0 E N - G J S/ H B 0 QT D H B W4 0 I S O 4/ J S/ H B W45 E N - G J S/ H B 45 QT D H B W45 ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) 40 Table B.6 — Ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d © ISO 01 – All rights reserved Table B.7 — Abrasion-resistant cast irons Organization and country ISO CEN Europe ASTM North America SAC China JIS Japan BIS India Standard/ Micrograph ISO 21988 EN 12513 A532/A532 M GB/T 8263 No standard published IS 4771 4.7.1 4.7 ISO 21988/JN/HBW3 40 EN- GJN/HB3 40 ISO 21988/JN/HBW40 EN-GJN/HB 40 ISO 21988/JN/ EN- GJN-HB 480 ISO 21988/JN/ Class I, Type A KmTBCr2 NiLCr 0/50 EN- GJN-HB510 KmTBCr2 NiLCr 4/510 EN- GJN/HB50 KmTBCr8 NiHCr 27/50 KmTBCr8 NiHCr 0/550 HBW480 Cr2 HBW510 Cr2 4.7 , ISO 21988/JN/ 4.7.4 HBW50 Cr9 ISO 21988/JN/ EN- GJN/HB555 HBW555Cr9 ISO 21988/JN/ Class I, Type D EN- GJN/HB63 NiHCr 4/600 HBW63 Cr9 4.7 , ISO 21988/JN/ EN- GJN- 4.7.6 HBW555 XCr13 HB555(XCr1 3) ISO 21988/JN/ EN- GJN- HBW555 XCr16 HB555(XCr14) 4.7.7, ISO 21988/JN/ EN- GJN- 4.7 HBW555 XCr21 HB555(XCr18) EN- GJNHB555(XCr23) ISO 21988/JN/ EN- GJN- 4.7.10 HBW555 XCr27 HB555(XCr27 ) 4.7.11 , ISO 21988/JN/ 4.7.12 HBW60 0XCr35 4.7.13 , ISO 21988/JN/ 4.7.14 HBW60 0XCr20Mo2Cu KmTBCr1 Class II, Type B KmTBCr1 5Mo Class II, Type D KmTBCr20Mo CrMoHC 4/5 00 CrMoLC 8/50 Class III, Type A KmTBCr26 41 ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) 4.7.9, Class II, Type A ISO/TR 945-3 : 016(E) Bibliography [1] Gray iron microstructure rating chart, American Foundry Society, 1695 North Penny Lane, Schaumburg, IL 60173 , USA (www afsinc.org) [2] Ductile iron microstructure rating chart, American Foundry Society, 1695 North Penny Lane, [3] Atlas métallographique des fontes, SARL Editions Techniques des Industries de la Fonderie Schaumburg, IL 60173 , USA (www afsinc.org) (ETIF) , Avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92318 Sévres Cedex, France (www.etif.fr) S Structure of cast iron alloys Fachverlag Schiele & Schön GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 2008 [4] H asse [5 ] ISO 185, [6] ISO 1083 , Spheroidal graphite cast irons — Classification [7 ] ISO 892 , Austenitic cast irons — Classification [8] ISO 5922 , Malleable cast iron [9] ISO 16112 , Compacted (vermicular) graphite cast irons — Classification [10] ISO 1780 4, Founding — Ausferritic spheroidal graphite cast irons — Classification [11] ISO 21988, Abrasion-resistant cast irons — Classification 42 Grey cast irons — Classification © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO/TR 945-3 :2 016(E) ICS 77.080.10 Price based on pages © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved