GIÁO TRÌNH CÔNG NGHỆ XỬ LÝ KHÍ THẢI

GIÁO TRÌNH CÔNG NGHỆ XỬ LÝ KHÍ THẢI

ĈҤI HӐC QUӔC GIA HÀ NӜI

75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐC KHOA HӐC TӴ NHIÊN -

TRҪ1 HӖ1* CÔN ĈӖ1*.,0/2$1

CÔNG NGHӊ;Ӱ/é.+Ë7+Ҧ,

hμ néi 2006

}QJNK¼L

%…PK¾LO†X 4X’WWK¿LNK¶ 7K‘S‡¯P

&ÏDWKLWUŽQ %¬K¾LO†X

2.1.4 Khí cacbon monoxit và dioxit

2.1.5 Asin (AsH3), Phosphin (PH3) và Stibin (SbH3)

20202021253133353537383840434444

6.8 Conng nghӋ[ӱOêWUӵFWLӃS622và NOxtrong lò ÿӕW

6.9 Công nghӋ[ӱOêNKtWKҧLFKӭD12xsӱGөQJ[~FWiFFKӑQOӑF

101102105108110112114118121123125131

BҧQJ.ӃWTXҧVӱGөQJKӋWKӕQJ[ӱOêӣWUrQFѫVӣ

BҧQJ0ӝWVӕOƭQKYӵFiSGөQJKӋWKӕQJWKiSÿӋPѭӟW.\RZD

BҧQJ6RViQKF{QJQJKӋ[ӱOêWUӵFWLӃSFӫD+LWDFKL=RQVHQNӃWKӧS6&5vӟL)*'

BҧQJ+LӋXTXҧ[ӱOêYjWXәLWKӑFӫDWKLӃWEӏ[ӱlý NOxloҥLQKӓ

BҧQJ0ӝWYjLWK{QJVӕ[ӱOê12xbҵQJ6&5FӫDFiFFѫVӣOӟQ

BҧQJ&iFWK{QJVӕTXDQWUӑQJFӫDKDLSKѭѫQJSKiSWKLrXKӫ\

Hình 6.8 Sѫÿӗ&1;/ÿӗQJWKӡL622và NOxtrong lò ÿӕW

Hình 6.9 SѫÿӗQJX\rQOê[ӱOê622và NOxsӱGөQJFKPWLDÿLӋQWӱ

Hình 6.10 Sѫÿӗ&1;/ÿӗQJWKӡL622và NOXsӱGөQJFKPWLDÿLӋQWӱHình 6.11 SѫÿӗKӋWKӕQJ[ӱOê12xbҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiS[~FWiFFKӑQOӑFNӃWhӧS[ӱOê622

Hình 6.12 Sѫÿӗ&1;/+26WKHRÿѭӡQJNK{

Hình 6.13 Sѫÿӗ&1;/+26WKHRÿѭӡQJNK{

Hình 6.14 Sѫÿӗ&1;/+2S bҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSVҳW,,, WKHRÿѭӡQJѭӟWHình 7.1 ThiӃWEӏOӑFW~L[ӱOêEөLNLPORҥLQһQJFӫDKmQJ1$9$&

Hình 7.2 HӋWKӕQJ[ӱOêEөLNKt622YjFiFNKtKѫLD[LWNKiFEҵQJFRQÿѭӡQJNK{[ӱGөQJWKLӃWEӏOӑFW~LKLӋXVXҩWFDR

Hình 7.3 HӋWhӕQJ[ӱNKtOzEҵQJWKLӃWEӏOӑFW~LNK{

Hình 7.4 ҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDQKLӋWÿӝÿӃQKLӋXTXă[ӱOêNKtOz

Hình 7.5 HӋWKӕQJ[ӱOêNKtFyWURQJWKLӃWEӏWKiSSKҧQӭQJ

Hình 7.6 SӵSKөWKXӝFJLӳDKLӋXVXiW[ӱOêNKt+&OYjRQKLӋWÿӝYjWӍOӋPROcӫD&D2+ 2và HCl

Hình 7.7 SѫÿӗWKLӃWEӏ[ӱOêNKtWKHRÿѭӡQJѭӟWVӱGөQJWKiSÿӋP

Hình 7.22 SѫÿӗWKLӃWEӏNKӱPLNLӇXKҩSSKөYjJLҧLKҩS liên tөF

&K‡†QJ , ~ QKL®P NK…QJ NK· Y F’F JL, SK’S JLP

WKL­X…QKL®P

~QKL®PNK…QJNK·

ThӃQjROj{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt"0XӕQWUҧOӡLÿѭӧFFkXKӓLQj\WKuFҫQphҧLWKӕQJQKҩWÿѭӧFNKiLQLӋPYӅEҫXNK{QJNKtVҥFKKD\QyLFiFKNKiFOjthӕQJQKҩWTX\ÿӏQKYӅWKjQKSKҫQQӅQFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJNKt7URQJEҫXkhí quyӇQFӫDWUiLÿҩWWKuWҫQJÿӕLOѭXOjJҫn mһWÿҩWQKҩW- tҫQJFӫDJLyEão TҥLWҫQJQj\FiFFKҩW{QKLӉPWKѭӡQJ[X\rQÿѭӧFUӱDVҥFKEӣLPѭDYjWX\ӃWUѫL7UrQWҫQJEuQKOѭXWKu khác Do sӵKҩSWKөFӫDOӟS{]{QVӵәQÿӏQKYjVӵWăQJFӫDQKLӋWÿӝWKHRFKLӅXFDRFKRQrQFiFFKҩW{QKLӉPNKLWKkPQKұSYjRtҫQJQj\FyFKLӅXKѭӟQJWӗQWҥLOkXGjLKѫQ7KӵFUDVӵ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtÿѭӧFKLӇXFKӫ\ӃXQKѭOjVӵWKD\ÿәLEҩWWKѭӡQJWKjQh phҫQYjQӗQJÿӝFӫDcác chҩW WURQJ WҫQJ NK{QJ NKt JҫQ PһW ÿҩW - tҫQJ ÿӕL OѭX 'R Yұ\ WD Fy WKӇchҩSQKұQPӝWÿӏQKQJKƭDYӅ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtQKѭVDX [1, 2]:

“Ô nhi͍PNK{QJNKtFyQJKƭDOj ÿã có m̿WP͡WKR̿FQKL͉XFK̭WJk\{ nhi͍P WURQJ E̯X NK{QJ NKt QJRài trͥL QK˱ EͭL NKyL K˯L NKt KD\ PLYͣL kh͙LO˱ͫQJWtQKFK̭WYjWKͥL JLDQÿͯÿ͋Jk\K̩L ÿ͙LYͣLV͹V͙QJFͯDQJ˱ͥL KD\ÿ͡QJWK͹FY̵WKR̿FWiFK̩LWͣLFͯDF̫LY̵WFK̭WKR̿FF̫QWUͧTXiPͱF ÿ͙LYͣLV͹W͛QW̩LEuQK\rQFͯDV͹V͙QJYjFͯDF̫LY̵WFK̭WWUrQWUiLÿ̭W´

Trong luұW YӅ NLӇP VRiW { QKLӉP P{L WUѭӡQJ NK{QJ NKt FӫD EDQJArizôna (Mӻ FNJQJÿѭDUDPӝWÿӏQKQJKƭDWѭѫQJWӵ [1]: “Ô nhiӉPNK{QJNKt

có nghƭDOjVӵFyPһWFӫDPӝWKD\QKLӅXFKҩW{QKLӉPKRһFVӵSKӕLKӧSFӫDchúng trong không khí ngoài trӡLYӟLNKӕLOѭӧQJYjWKӡLJLDQÿӫÿӇJk\KҥLhoһFFyFKLӅXKѭӟQJJk\KҥLÿӕLYӟLVӵVӕQJFӫDQJѭӡLÿӝQJWKӵFYұWKRһFcӫDFҧLYұWFKҩW´

1KѭQJ ÿL NqP YӟL ÿӏQK QJKƭD Qj\ Fy OLӋW Nr FiF FKҩW { QKLӉP ÿy OjNKyLKѫLWKDQJLҩ\EөLPӗKyQJFiXJpWNKyL than, các khí, mù, mùi, tia phóng xҥFiFKyDFKҩWÿӝFKҥLKRһFEҩWNǤYұWFKҩWQjRWURQJNK{QJNKtQJRjLtrӡLĈӗQJWKӡLÿӏQKQJKƭDQj\FzQTXDQWkPÿӃQ[XWKӃJk\KҥLQӳD

1Kѭ Yұ\ WURQJ WKӵF WӃ Fy KDL QJXӗQ Jk\ UD { QKLӉP NK{QJ NKt ÿy OjnguӗQ { QKLӉP Wӵ QKLrQ Yj QJXӗQ { QKLӉP QKkQ WҥR QJҳQ OLӅQ YӟL FiF KRҥWÿӝQJFӫDFRQQJѭӡL [3, 4]

- Ngu͛Q{QKL͍PW͹QKLrQCác hoҥWÿӝQJWӵQKLrQFyWKӇOjPWăQJKjP

OѭӧQJEөLWҥLPӝWWKӡLÿLӇPYjӣPӝWNK{QJJLDQQjRÿyQKѭJLyOӕFEmRVDmҥFPDQJWKHREөLÿҩWFiWtrên mһWÿҩWWXQJYjREҫXNK{QJNKt1~LOӱDKRҥWÿӝQJFyWKӇSKXQYjREҫXNKtTX\ӇQPӝWOѭӧQJEөLYjNKtNKәQJOӗ1KѭQJhiӋQWѭӧQJQKѭWUrQ[ҭ\UDNK{QJOLrQWөFWURQJPӝWNKRҧQJWKӡLJLDQQJҳQ

và phát tán ra mӝW YQJ UӝQJ OӟQ OjP JLҧP QKDQK KjP OѭӧQJ F hҩW Jk\ {nhiӉP

Các hiӋQ WѭӧQJ SKkQ Kӫ\ WKӕL UӳD [iF ÿӝQJ WKӵF YұW [ҭ\ UD WKѭӡQJxuyên trong tӵ QKLrQ ÿѭD YjR EҫX NK{QJ NKt FiF NKt ÿӝF KҥL 1KѭQJ KLӋQWѭӧQJQj\ÿmNpRGjLÿӅXÿһQWKHRWKӡLJLDQSKiWWULӇQFӫDKjQKWLQKFK~QJWDQrQKjPOѭӧQJFӫDFiFF hҩWÿӝFKҥLWKѭӡQJQҵPӣJLӟLKҥQQӅQ1KѭQJQӃXhiӋQWѭӧQJWUrQ[ҭ\UDVDXPӝWWKҧPKRҥQjRÿyNK{QJWKѭӡQJ[X\rQYjFөFbӝWKuQyVӁWKҧLYjRNK{QJNKtPӝWOѭӧQJNKtÿӝFKҥLYѭӧWTXiJLӟLKҥQQӅQtrong khoҧQJWKӡLJLDQYjNK{QJJLDQJLӟLKҥQWURQJYj[Xng quanh khu vӵFxҭ\UDWKҧPKӑDVӁJk\UDVӵ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt

Các hiӋQWѭӧQJVҩPFKӟSPk\PѭDEӭF[ҥWURQJKӋPһWWUӡLYjYNJWUөthông qua các phҧQӭQJSKkQKӫ\KRһFNӃWKӧSFiFFKҩWWӗQWҥLWURQJNK{QJkhí tҥRUDFiFFKҩWFyKҥLlàm mҩWFkQEҵQJYӕQ có cӫDEҫXNK{QJNKtFNJQJÿѭӧFFRLOjVӵ{QKLӉP

Nhìn chung ô nhiӉPNK{QJNKtGRWKLrQQKLrQWҥRUDYӅNKӕLOѭӧQJOjrҩWOӟQVRQJWKѭӡQJSKkQEӕWURQJPӝWNK{QJJLDQUӝQJYjNKiÿӗQJÿӅXQrQ

ít gây nguy hҥL

MһWNKiFFiFVLQKYұWWUrQPһWÿҩWTXDKjQJQgàn vҥQQăPÿmTXHQYӟLnhӳQJWKD\ÿәLQyLWUrQYjÿmWKtFKӭQJÿѭӧF

-Ngu͛Q{QKL͍PQKkQW̩R Các nguӗQ{QKLӉPQKkQWҥRQJX\KLӇP ӣ

chӛ UҩW GӉ [ҭ\ UD KLӋQ WѭӧQJ FөF Eӝ YӟL QӗQJ ÿӝ FDR Jk\ WiF KҥL ÿӃQ FRQQJѭӡLFiFVLQKYұWYjFӫDFҧLYұWFKҩWQҵPWURQJvùng ô nhiӉP&iFQJXӗQYjcác chҩWJk\{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt do nhân tҥRÿѭӧFNKiLTXiWWUrQEҧQJ

B¶ng 1.1 C¸c nguån vμ c¸c chÊt g©y « nhiÔm kh«ng khÝ chñ yÕu

-Các lò ÿӕWUiFYjGkQGөQJ-Phân hӫ\, lên men yӃPNKtBөi than, tro

-&iFFѫVӣNKDLWKiFYjFKӃELӃQWKDQÿiWKDQJӛ-ĈӕW63Q{QJQJKLӋSVDXWKXKRҥFKYjGkQGөQJ

-Các nhà máy nhiӋWÿLӋQ

-CiFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWJӕPVӭBөL%HULOL -&K®K¼DTXŸQJYŽOX\¯QNLP

1 2

Các hӧSFKҩWFѫ

clo

-ThuӕFWUӯVkX-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWKyDFKҩW-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWJLҩ\YjEӝWJLҩ\

-KhӱWUQJEҵQJFORYjFiFKӧSFKҩWFKӭDFORKRҥWÿӝQJHalogen và các

hӧSFKҩWÿӝFY{

FѫFKӭDKDORJHQ

-&iFFѫVӣsҧQ[XҩWYjVӱGөQJKDORJHQYjKyDFKҩWFKӭDhalogen

-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWSKkQOkQWӯDSDWLW

-&iFFѫVӣOX\ӋQNLP

Hydrocacbon

-ĈӕWQKLrQOLӋX-Công nghiӋSVѫQYjvұWOLӋXSKӫ-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWOLQKNLӋQ ÿLӋQWӱ cҫQOjPVҥFKEҵQJdung môi hӳXFѫ

-In ҩQVѫQYӁ«

-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWKyDFKҩWKӳXFѫ-LuyӋQcӕF

1LWѫR[LW

-ĈӕWQKLrQOLӋX-Các nhà máy hóa chҩW-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWSKkQÿҥPSKkQWәQJKӧS13

/ѭXKXǤQKR[LW

-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWKyDFKҩW-Các nhà máy nhiӋWÿLӋQ-LuyӋQNLP

-&iFF{QJÿRҥQÿӕt nhiên liӋXNKiFCác hӧSFKҩWFѫ

phot pho

-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWWKXӕFWUӯGӏFKKҥL-SӱGөQJWKXӕFWUӯGӏFKKҥL

BөLNKRiQJY{Fѫ

-Công nghiӋSVҧQ[XҩW[LPăQJ-Công nghiӋSNKDLNKRiQJ-Giao thông vұQWҧL

-Xây dӵQJ

-SӵGzrӍFӫDFiFFѫVӣQăQJOѭӧQJKҥWQKkQ+ѫLNLӅPKѫLD[LW

-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWKyDFKҩW-XӱOêEӅPһWNLPORҥL-&iFFѫVӣVӱGөQJD[LWYjNLӅPWURQJVҧQ[XҩWBөLFKu

-&iFFѫVӣVҧQ[XҩWDFTX\

-LuyӋQNLPPjX-Giao thông vұQWҧL

HCN và CN

&iFFѫVӣPҥNLP loҥL-Khai thác, trích chiӃWYjQJEҥFYjFiFNLPORҥLTXêKLӃPkhác

-&iFF{QJÿRҥQÿӕWQKLrQOLӋX-SҧQ[XҩWKyDFKҩW

1.2 CÁC DҤ1*7+Ҧ,9¬2.+Ð1*.+Ë

Các chҩWWKҧLYjRNK{QJNKtQҵPGѭӟLFiFGҥQJFKӫ\ӃXOjEөLNKyLKѫLVROYjNKt1JѭӡLWDSKkQORҥL chúng mӝWFiFKÿѫQJLҧQQKҩWOjGӵDYjRNtFKWKѭӟFKҥWFӫDFK~QJ[HPEҧQJ [5]

Khói I 0,001 - 1,0

ĈѭӧFWҥRUDGRQJѭQJWөFiFphҫQWӱ chҩWUҳQWURQJquá trình ÿӕWQKLrQOLӋXTXiWUuQKOjPQyQJFKҧ\NLPloҥLKRһFFiFSKҧQӭQJKRiKӑF

Khói II 0,1 - 1,0 ĈѭӧFWҥRUDGRQJѭQJWөFiFphҫQWӱ chҩWUҳQ trong

mӝWSKkQWӱOӟQYjFiFKҥWVROOӟQFyWKӇGӃQYjLPP+jPOѭӧQJFӫDFK~QJtrong không khí nҵPӣNKRҧQJWӯPJÿӃQJDPWUrQPӝWPpWNKӕL

- Các ch ̭WG̩QJEͭL: Là các phҫQ tӱFKҩWUҳQWKӇUӡLUҥFÿѭӧFWҥRUDGR

các hoҥWÿӝQJFӫDWӵQKLrQKD\FRQQJѭӡLFyNtFKWKѭӟFNKiFQKDXWӯÿӃQ KjQJWUăP PLFURPHW  'ѭӟL WiF GӝQJ FӫD FiF GzQJNKt KRһF NK{QJ NKttrong nhӳQJÿLӅXNLӋQQKҩWÿӏQKFK~QJFKX\ӇQWKjQKWUҥQJWKiLOѫOӱQJ trong pha khí

Các chҩWWKҧLOjNKtKѫLEөLKD\VROFyWiFKҥLtWKD\QKLӅXVӁSKөWKXӝFvào bҧQWKkQWtQKFKҩWFӫDFK~QJ1KѭQJQKuQFKXQJFiFFKҩWÿӝFKҥLӣGҥQJNKtWKѭӡQJOjQJX\KLӇPQKҩWGRWiFÿӝQJWUӵFWLӃSYjOLrQWөFYjRSKәLTXD

hô hҩS

Có nhiӅXFich phân loҥLEөLKѫLYjNKt 'ѭӟLJyFÿӝWKXJRPYjWiFKlӑFSKkQORҥLWKHRGҧLNtFKWKѭӟF ÿѭӧFFRLOjSKKӧSYjKӳXGөQJKѫQFҧ

1.3 CÁC BIӊ13+È3*,Ҧ07+,ӆ8Ð1+,ӈ0.+Ð1*.+Ë [6]GiӳDWKLrQQKLrQYjFRQQJѭӡLWUrQKjQKWLQKFӫDFK~QJWDOX{Q có mӝWmӕLTXDQKӋPұWWKLӃW1KӳQJWiFÿӝQJQJѭӧFOҥLFӫDWKLrQQKLrQÿӕLYӟLTXitrình gây ô nhiӉPEҫXNK{QJNKtGRQKӳQJKRҥWÿӝQJVӕQJFӫDFRQQJѭӡLJk\

ra có quan hӋQKkQTXҧYӟLQKDX9LӋF sӱGөQJFiFNKtOjPKӫ\KRҥLWҫQJ{dôn; viӋFVӱGөQJTXiPӭc các nguӗQQKLrQOLӋXKyDWKҥFKÿmOjPWăQJKjPOѭӧQJNKt&22trong bҫXNKtTX\ӇQWUiLÿҩW ÿã làm cho trái ÿҩWQyQJOrQGRWiFÿӝQJFӫDKLӋXӭQJQKjNtQK6ӵQyQJOrQFӫDWUiLÿҩWÿmJk\UDQKӳQJKұXTXҧnghiêm trӑQJPDQJWtQKWRjQFҫXQKѭPӵFQѭӟFELӇQGâng lên sӁQKұQFKuPnhӳQJYQJÿҩWWKҩSEmROӕFKҥQKiQOөWOӝLVӵVDPҥFKyD&KtQKYuWKӃ

mà Liên hӧSTXӕFQKLӅXWәFKӭF[mKӝLYjFKtQKSKӫQKLӅXQѭӟFÿmNrXJӑLmӑL QJѭӡL Km\ FӭX Oҩ\ WUiL ÿҩW 1KӳQJ ELӋQ SKiS JLҧP WKLӇX { QKLӉP EҫXkhông khí là giҧLSKiSKӳXKLӋXEҧRYӋWUiLÿҩW

Do tính chҩWÿһFWKFӫDP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJNKtPjVӵ{QKLӉPtWPDQJtính cөFEӝ6ӵSKiWWKҧLӣQѫLQj\FyWKӇJk\{QKLӉPQKӳQJQѫLNKiFWXǤthuӝFYjRÿLӅXNLӋQWKӡLWLӃWNKtKұXKD\VӵFKX\ӇQÿӝQJQyLFKXQJFӫDFiFtҫQJNKtTX\ӇQ9uYұ\FiFJLҧLSKiSFKӕQJ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtFҫQSKҧLPDQJtính toàn cҫX1KӳQJELӋQSKiSFөWKӇFyWKӇFKLDOjPKDLORҥLÿyOjFiFELӋQpháp mang tính vƭP{YjQKӳQJELӋQSKiSPDQJWtQKFөFEӝ

1.3.1 CÁC BIӊ13+È30$1*7Ë1+9Ƭ0Ð

Do nhұn thӭFÿѭӧFQKӳQJKLӇPKӑDFӫDVӵ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtQrQKҫXhӃWFiFQѭӟFWUrQWKӃJLӟLÿmFQJÿLWӟLPӝWWKRҧKLӋSPDQJWtQKFKLӃQOѭӧFtoàn cҫXYӅFҳWJLҧPFiFNKtWKҧLJk\WiFÿӝQJQKjNtQKYjSKiKRҥLWҫQJ{

zôn - NghӏÿӏQK.\RWRĈӕLYӟLWӯQJTXӕFJLD, cҫQSKҧLFyQKӳQJELӋQSKiShҥQFKӃWiFÿӝQJFӫDFRQQJѭӡLYjRWKLrQQKLrQQKѭ

+ KiӇPVRiWYjKҥQFKӃOѭӧQJWKҧLFiFFKҩWJk\KLӋXӭQJQKjNtQKFiFchҩWKӫ\KRҥLWҫQJ{]{QYjFiFFKҩWNKtÿӝFKҥLNKiF

+ HҥQFKӃFKi\UӯQJ1KӳQJÿӧWFKi\UӯQJ[ҧ\UD TXDQKQăPWUrQWKӃgiӟLÿmJk\UDQKӳQJWiFÿӝQJÿӗQJWKӡLOjPVX\WKRiLFKҩWOѭӧQJNK{QJNKtCháy rӯQJJk\UDQKӳQJOӟSNKyLEөLWUrQGLӋQUӝQJVLQKUDPӝWOѭӧQJNKt

CO2 khәQJ Oӗ Yj OjP PҩW FkQ EҵQJ VLQK WKiL +ұX TXҧ FӫD Qy Oj QKӳQJ WiFÿӝQJGk\FKX\ӅQ ҧQKKѭӣQJ[ҩXÿӃQP{LWUѭӡQJWUiLÿҩW9LӋFKҥQFKӃFKi\rӯQJQJRjLQKӳQJELӋQSKiSSKzQJQJӯDWKLrQQKLrQYLӋFJLiRGөFFӝQJÿӗQJcNJQJFyWҫPTXDQWUӑQJNK{QJNpP

+ HҥQFKӃNKDLWKiFUӯQJNKDLWKiFNKRiQJVҧQQKҵPJLҧPWKLӇXҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQVӵFkQEҵQJvӕQFyFӫDNKtTX\ӇQYjEӅPһWTXҧÿҩW

+ ChӕQJ KRDQJ KyD sa mҥF KyD TrӗQJ Fk\ [DQK WUӗQJ UӯQJ Oj ELӋQpháp lҩ\OҥLVӵFkQEҵQJÿmEӏPҩWÿLGRKұXTXҧFӫDFKLӃQWUDQKYjNKDLWKiFquá mӭFFӫDFRQQJѭӡLÿӕLYӟLFiFWKҧPWKӵFYұW- lá phәLFӫDWUiLÿҩW

+ TrӗQJUӯQJFk\ÿӋPYHQEӡELӇQFKӕQJVӵ[kPOҩQFӫDFiWKѫLPXӕLbiӇQYjRÿҩWOLӅQWUӗQJUӯQJÿӋPFKӕQJVDPҥFKyD

1.3.2 CÁC BIӊ13+È30$1*7Ë1+&Ө&%Ӝ

1.3.2.1 ÁP DӨ1*&Ð1*1*+ӊ6Ҧ1;8Ҩ76Ҥ&+

GiҧPWKLӇXSKiWWKҧLFiFFKҩWJk\{QKLӉPQJD\WҥLQguӗQOjELӋQSKiShӳXKLӋXÿӇWUiQKJk\{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt*LҧLSKiSÿҫXWLrQOjSKiWWULӇQFiFquá trình sҧQ[XҩWVҥFK - không thҧLKD\QyLFiFKNKiFOjWӕLѭXKyDPӑLÿLӅXkiӋQVҧQ[XҩWYjWұQGөQJWULӋWÿӇFiFVҧQSKҭPSKөOj[XWKӃKLӋQQD\YjFKRthiên niên kӹPӟLQj\3KiWWULӇQVҧQ[XҩWNK{QJWKҧLNK{QJQKӳQJJLҧPÿѭӧFtӕLÿDJLiWKjQKVҧQSKҭPPjFzQFyPӝWOӧLtFKUҩWOӟQNKiFQJRjLSKҥPYLcӫD Fѫ Vӣ VҧQ [XҩW ÿy Oj EҧR YӋ P{L WUѭӡQJ Yj KӋ VLQK WKiL Ĉk\ Oj OӧL tFKkhông thӇFKӍWtQKEҵQJOӧLQKXұQ và sҧQSKҭPGRQyPDQJOҥLPjQyPDQJtính chҩW[mKӝLYjWRjQFҫX

ĈӭQJ WUrQ TXDQ ÿLӇP YӅ F{QJ QJKӋ VҧQ [XҩW NK{QJ WKҧL Fy WKӇ WKӵFhiӋQEҵQJFiFJLҧLSKiSWұQGөQJYjTXD\YzQJWULӋWÿӇQJX\rQOLӋXQѭӟFYjQăQJOѭӧQJWURQJSKҥPYLPӝWQKjPi\YjOLrQNӃWQKLӅXQKjPi\ÿӇWұQGөQJtҩWFҧFiFVҧQSKҭPSKөWKұPFKtQJD\FҧFKҩWWKҧLFӫDQKjPi\Qj\VӱGөQJlàm nguyên liӋXFKRQKjPi\NLD

Ngoài nhӳQJÿLӅXÿmWUuQKEj\ӣWUrQPӝWJLҧLSKiSTXDQWUӑQJÿӇSKiWtriӇQVҧQ[XҩWNK{QJWKҧLOjWKD\WKӃQJX\rQOiӋXÿҫXYjREҵQJ³QJX\rQOLӋXsҥFK´YjVӱGөQJ³QăQJOѭӧQJVҥFK´QKѭQăQJOѭӧQJQJX\rQWӱQăQJOѭӧQJtӵQKLrQQKѭVӭFQѭӟFVӭFJLyYjQăQJOѭӧQJPһWWUӡL

ViӋF YұQ KjQK Yj TXҧQ Oê WKLӃW Eӏ Pi\ PyF FNJQJ QKѭ TX\ WUuQK F{QJnghӋ FNJQJ Oj PӝW ELӋQ SKiS ÿӇ NKӕng chӃ { QKLӉP NK{QJ NKt 1JKLrP W~FthӵF KLӋQ FKӃ ÿӝ YұQ KjQK ÿӏQKPӭF FKtQK[iF QJX\rQ YұWOLӋX FKҩS KjQKÿ~QJTX\WUình công nghӋVӁOjPFKROѭӧQJFKҩWWKҧLJLҧP[XӕQJYjFyÿLӅXkiӋQTXҧQOêFKһWFKӁQJXӗQWKҧLYjOѭӧQJFKҩWWKҧL

HiӋXTXҧFӫDELӋQpháp quҧQOêYjYұQKjQKVҧQ[XҩWSKөWKXӝFUҩWOӟQvào nhұQWKӭFFӫDFiFFҩSOҥQKÿҥRYjFiFQKjTXҧQOêVDXÿyOjNӹOXұWODRÿӝQJYjWtQKWӵJLiFFӫDQJѭӡLODRÿӝQJ&iFFKӃWjLSKөFYөÿҳFOӵFFKRF{QJtác này hiӋQQD\ÿDQJÿѭӧFiSGөQJUӝQJUmLWUrQthӃJLӟLYjFҧWURQJQѭӟFOjcác tiêu chuҭQ FӫD Wә FKӭF WLrX FKXҭQ TXӕF WӃ YLӃW WҳW Oj ,62 ,QWHUQDWLRQDOStandard Organization) áp dөQJ FKR FiF TXi WUuQK VҧQ [XҩW YұQ KjQK F{QJviӋF &KR ÿӃQ QD\ FiF ,62 ÿѭӧF FRL QKѭ Oj QKӳQJ WLrX FKXҭQ Fө WKӇ QKҩWnhҵm giҧP EӟW WLrX KDR QJX\rQ QKLrQ YұW OLӋX QkQJ FDR FKҩW OѭӧQJ VҧQphҭPODRÿӝQJYjJLҧPWKLӇXSKiWWKҧL

1.3.2.2 XӰ/é75,ӊ7Ĉӆ.+Ë7+Ҧ,7Ҥ,1*8Ӗ1

ĈӇWLӃQWӟLPӝWQӅQF{QJQJKLӋSVҧQ[XҩWVҥFKFzQFҫQPӝWNKRҧQJWKӡLgian dài và mӝW PӝW QJXӗQ WjL FK ính khәQJ Oӗ ÿӇ WKD\ WKӃ QӅQ F{QJ QJKLӋShiӋQWҥL+LӋQQD\GRFyWtQKNӃWKӯDYjFKұPÿәLPӟLÿһFELӋWOjӣFiFQѭӟFÿDQJKRһFNpPSKiWWULӇQQrQVҧQ[XҩWF{QJQJKLӋSFzQOҥFKұXYjSKiWWKҧLOѭӧQJ OӟQ FiF FKҩW Jk\ { QKLӉP YjR NK{QJ NKt ĈӕL YӟL NKX YӵF này viӋFgiҧPWKLӇX{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtSKөWKXӝFFKӫ\ӃXYjRWUDQJWKLӃWEӏYjF{QJnghӋ[ӱOêNKtWKҧLWҥLQJXӗQ9LӋF[ӱOêWULӋWÿӇFiFQJXӗQNKtWKҧLWҥLQJXӗQsӁFyNKҧQăQJJLҧPWKLӇXWӕLÿD{QKLӉPNK{QJNKt

Xӱ Oê NKt WKҧL WҥL QJXӗQ FKRÿӃQ QD\ QKӳQJ QăP ÿҫX FӫD WKӃ Nӹ vүQ Oj JLҧL SKiS TXDQ WUӑQJ SK KӧS Yj KӳX KLӋX QKҩW ÿӇ KҥQ FKӃ { QKLӉPkhông khí và cҧLWKLӋQP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJNKt

HiӋQQD\ ÿӕLYӟL mӛLTXӕFJLDYjQKLӅXYҩQÿӅFKXQJFKRFҧWKӃJLӟLhҫXKӃW ÿã có các tiêu chuҭQTX\ÿӏQKFKRmӛLORҥLNKtWKҧLYӟLFiFTX\P{YjÿLӅXNLӋQNKiFQKDX'ӵDWUrQFiFWLrXFKXҭQÿyQӃXOjPWӕWNKkXTXҧQOêP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJNKtVӁÿѭӧFFҧLWKLӋQÿiQJNӇ

7UѭӟFÿk\NKLFiFQKjPi\YjFiFNKXF{QJQJKLӋSFzQWKѭDWKӟWWKuviӋF[k\ӕQJNKyLYjWăQJFKLӅu cao cӫDӕQJNKyLOjPӝWJLҧLSKiSKLӋXTXҧgiҧP WKLӇX { QKLӉP FөF Eӝ 1KѭQJ NK{QJ JLDQ FӫD NKt TX\ӇQ FNJQJ Fy JLӟLhҥQYjTXiWUuQKOjPVҥFKWӵQKLrQFNJQJFKӍFyJLӟLKҥQFӫDQy'RÿyYLӋFVӱdөQJӕQJNKyLQJj\QD\NK{QJFzQÿѭӧFNKX\ӃQFiRVӱGөQJQKѭOà mӝWELӋQpháp giҧPWKLӇX{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtQӳDPjѭXWLrQOj[ӱOêWULӋWÿӇNKtWKҧLWҥLnguӗQWUѭӟFNKLWKҧLYjRNK{QJNKt

XӱOêNKtWKҧLEDRJӗPFiFSKѭѫQJSKiS[ӱOêEөLVRONKt[ӱOêNKtYjxӱOêKѫLWKҧLÿӝFKҥL9ӟLWӯQJÿӕLWѭӧQJFyWKӇVӱGөQJ FiFSKѭѫQJSKiS

riêng rӁKRһFVӱGөQJWәKӧSFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSQKҵPÿҥWKLӋXTXҧ[ӱOêFDRKѫQ &iF SKѭѫQJ SKiS Yj FiF WKLӃW Eӏ [ӱ Oê NKt WKҧL VӁ ÿѭӧF WUuQK Ej\ PӝWcách chi tiӃWӣFiFSKҫQVDX

1.3.2.3 DUY TRÌ TRҤ1*7+È,7Ӵ1+,Ç1&Ӫ$.+Ð1*.+Ë

SӵJLҧPWhiӇX{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtOjOjPWURQJVҥFKKѫQEҫXNK{QJNKtngoài trӡL1KѭQJVӵ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtWURQJNK{QJJLDQODRÿӝQJQKѭErQWURQJ FiF QKj [ѭӣQJ KҫP Oz SKzQJ OjP YLӋF KD\ NK{QJ JLDQ FӫD PӝW [tnghiӋSQKjPi\VӁJk\WiFKҥLWUӵFWLӃSWӟLQJѭӡLWKDPJLDODRÿӝQJĈk\cNJQJOjPӝWYҩQÿӅFҫQÿѭӧFJLҧLTX\ӃW0ӝWELӋQSKiSKӳXKLӋXÿӇGX\WUutrҥQJWKiLWӵQKLrQFӫDEҫXNK{QJNKtFөFEӝOjWK{QJJLy

NhiӋPYөFӫDWK{QJJLyOjÿҧPEҧRWUҥQJWKiLNK{QJNKtFKRFRQQJѭӡLsӕQJYjKRҥWÿӝQJSKKӧSYӟLtiêu chuҭQYӋVLQKTX\ÿӏQKWURQJFiFNK{QJgian khép kín Tùy theo tính chҩW FӫD QJXӗQ Jk\ { QKLӉP Pj OӵD FKӑQ FiFSKѭѫQJSKiSWK{QJJLySKKӧS

a Thông gió chung

MөFÿtFKFӫDWK{QJJLyFKXQJOjÿѭDNK{QJNKtWӯQJRjLYjRYӟLOѭXOѭӧQJFҫQWKLӃWQKҵPSKa loãng cѭӡQJÿӝ{QKLӉPEӣLNK{QJNKtQyQJEөLKѫLKRһFNKtÿӝFWURQJWRjQEӝNK{QJJLDQQKj[ѭӣQJVDXÿyWKҧLUDQJRjL

1KѭӧFÿLӇPFӫDELӋQSKiSQj\OjWҥRUDPӭFÿӝNK{QJÿӗQJÿӅXFӫDÿLӅX NLӋQ YӋ VLQK WҥL QKӳQJ ÿLӇP NKiF QKDX WURQJ NK{QJ JLDQ QKj [ѭӣQJÿӗQJWKӡLGӉÿѭDFiFWiFQKkQÿӝFKҥLWӯYQJQj\VDQJYQJNKiF9uYұ\mӝWWURQJQKӳQJ\rXFҫXFҫQWKLӃWNKLiSGөQJELӋQSKiSQj\OjSKҧLәQÿӏQKÿѭӧFFiFQJXӗQSKiWWKҧLÿӝFKҥL+LӋQWӗQWҥLPӝWVӕVѫÿӗKӋWKӕQJWUDRÿәLkhông khí trong phòQJQKѭVDX

Không khí sҥFKo Vùng thӣo 9QJSKiWVLQKNKtÿӝFo MiӋQJK~Wo ThҧL

b Thông gió cͭFE͡

MөFÿtFKFӫDWK{QJJLyFөFEӝOjK~WNKtKѫLKD\FiFWiFQKkQJk\ÿӝFhҥLNKiFQJD\WҥLQJXӗQSKiWVLQKĈk\OjELӋQSKiSKLӋXTXҧQKҩWWURQJYLӋFÿҧPEҧRWURQJVҥFKNK{QJNKtFKRYQg làm viӋF

ViӋF WKLӃW NӃ KӧS Oê FiF FiF Eӝ SKkQ WKX FKҩW Jk\ { QKLӉP SKҧL WKRҧmãn các yêu cҫXVDX

+ Không cҧQWUӣWKDRWiFF{QJQJKӋ

+ Không cho không khí chӭDFKҩW{QKLӉPÿLTXDYQJWKӣ

+ VұQWӕFWKXNKtÿӫOӟQÿӇFyWKӇK~WWULӋWÿӇFiFFKҩW ÿӝFKҥLUDNKӓLvùng thӣFӫDQJѭӡLODRÿӝQJ

c Thông gió ch͙QJQyQJ

Trong quá trình hoҥWÿӝQJFRQQJѭӡLOX{QFyVӵWUDRÿәLYӅQKLӋWYӟLP{LWUѭӡQJ0ӭFÿӝWUDRÿәLQKLӋWWLrXFKXҭQÿӕLYӟLQJѭӡLWURQJÿLӅXNLӋQnghӍQJѫLOjNFDOJLӡ9ӅPDKqWKӡi tiӃWQyQJQrQFKӍFyFRQÿѭӡQJGX\nhҩWÿӇFkQEҵQJQKLӋWOjWKRiWPӗK{LĈӇWKXÿѭӧFKLӋXTXҧOjPPiWEҵQJbӕFKѫLPӗK{LWKuSKҧLFyFiFÿLӅXNLӋQVDX

MӝWYҩQÿӅQӳDFNJQJTXDQWUӑQJOjYLӋFKҥQFKӃEӭF[ҥQKLӋWPһWWUӡLtruyӅQTXDPiLQKj9ӅPDKqOѭӧQJQKLӋWWUX\ӅQTXDPiLFyWKӇOrQWӟL

- 120 kcal/m2 NhӳQJELӋQSKiSFyWKӇiSGөQJOjSKXQQѭӟFOrQPiLQKjWҥRtҫQJFiFKQKLӋWYӟLPiLQKj

7K{QJJLyFѭӥQJEӭFÿѭӧFVӱGөQJNKLWK{QJJLyWӵQKLrQNK{QJFzQkhҧQăQJÿiSӭQJÿѭӧFYҩQÿӅFkQEҵQJQKLӋW7K{QJJLyFѭӥQJEӭFQKҵPtҥRUDYұQWӕFJLy thәLWKtFKKӧSNӃWKӧSYӟLFiFWK{QJVӕQKѭQKLӋWÿӝÿӝҭPÿӇÿѭDYLNKtKұXYӅWUҥQJWKiLWӵQKLrQGӉFKӏX

Trong công nghiӋSQJRjL\ӃXWӕYұQWӕFJLyWKәLFzQFyWKӇKҥQKLӋWÿӝNK{QJNKtÿӇOjPWăQJKLӋXTXҧOjPPiW0ӝWWURQJQKӳQJELӋQSKiSÿѫQ giҧQ

có thӇiSGөQJOjOjP PiWEҵQJEӕFKѫLQѭӟFÿRҥQQKLӋW1JX\rQOêFKXQJcӫDELӋQSKiSQj\OjFKRGzQJNK{QJNKtÿLTXDEXӗQJSKXQQѭӟFKRһFOӟSPjQJѭӟW1KLӋWFӫDNK{QJNKtOjPQѭӟFED\KѫLYjWӵQyKҥQKLӋWÿӝ[XӕQJQKѭQJ ÿӝ ҭP WѭѫQJ ÿӕL WăQJ OrQ BiӋQ SKiS Qj\ ÿѭӧF iS GөQJ FKR QKӳQJvùng có khí hұXQyQJNK{QKѭPLӅQWUXQJYjPLӅQQDPQѭӟFWD

Trong các giҧLSKiSWK{QJJLyFѭӥQJEӭFWKuÿLӅXKzDQKLӋWÿӝNK{QJkhí là hình thӭFFDRQKҩWFӫDNӻWKXұWWK{QJJLyQKҵPÿiSӭQJFKӫÿӝQJFiFthông sӕYLNhí hұXWURQJQKjPjNK{QJSKөWKXӝFYjRNKtKұXQJRjLWUӡL

1.3.2.4 SӰ'Ө1*&Æ<;$1+

Cây xanh có tác dөQJUҩWOӟQWURQJYLӋFKҥQFKӃ{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtQKѭchҳQJLӳEөLOӑFVҥFKNK{QJNKtJLҧPWLӃQJӗQYjFKHFKҳQWLӃQJӗQJLҧPnhiӋW ÿӝ NK{QJ NKt Yj ÿiӅX KzD WKjQK SKҫQ FӫD NK{QJ NKt 0ӝW Vӕ ORҥL Fk\xanh rҩWQKҥ\FҧPYӟL{QKLӉPNK{QJNKtFKRQrQFyWKӇGQJFk\[DQKOjPvұWFKӍWKӏÿӇSKiWKLӋQ{QKLӉP9uWKӃQrQWUӗQJQKLӅXFk\[DQKWURQJNKX{Qviên và xung quanh các nhà máy, dӑFFiFÿѭӡQJJLDRWK{ ng nӝLEӝWURQJNKXÿӋPJLӳDFiFNKXF{QJQJKLӋSFiFNKXWKѭѫQJPҥL7ӹOӋGLӋQWtFKFk\[DQKtrên diӋQWtFKNKXF{QJQJKLӋSFҫQÿҥWWӯÿӃQ

Thí dө

2X- - 2e = X2 (X là halogen)4Cl- + MnO2 + 4H+ = MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

2Br_ + Cl2 = 2Cl- + Br2

4I- + 2Cu2+ = 2CuI + I2

Ngoài ra mӝWOѭӧQJNK{QJQKӓFiFKDORJHQFNJQJQKѭFiFGүQ[XҩWFӫDchúng phát thҧLYjRNK{QJNKtWӯFiFQJXӗQVӱGөQJKDORJHQQJX\r n tӕOjPnguyên liӋX FKR TXi WUuQK VҧQ [XҩW QKѭ F{QJ QJKLӋS VҧQ [XҩW SODVWLF 39&PTFE ), clo hóa cao su, sҧQ[XҩWWKXӕFWUӯGӏFKKҥLViWWUQJWKXӕFViWWUQJ

và công nghiӋSKyDFKҩWQyLFKXQJ

2 Tính ch̭Wÿ̿FWU˱QJ

Halogen nguyên tӕOjQKӳQJFKҩW rҩWKRҥWÿӝQJYjFyWtQKR[LKyDUҩWmҥQK7tQKFKҩWQj\WKӇKLӋQJLҧPGҫQWӯIOR– clo – brom – iot Flo có thӇthӵFKLӋQSKҧQӭQJWKӃÿҭ\FiFQJX\rQWӕQKѭR[LFORUDNKӓLKӧSFKҩWFӫDnó:

SiO2 + 4F2 = SiF4 + O2

&iF KDORJHQ WDQ WURQJ QѭӟF tӵ R[L KyD NKӱ WҥR WKjQK KDL D[LW WѭѫQJӭQJOjK\SRFORULFYjFORK\GULF

Cl2 + H2O = HOCl + HClTrong dung dӏFK-3M Cl2 ӣoC có tӟLOѭӧQJFORFKX\ӇQWKjQKFiFaxit

BҧQ WKkQ JӕF 2&O- cNJQJ Oj FKҩW R[L KyD PҥQK Qy Fy WKӇ SKi KXӹ FiF FKҩWmàu hӳXFѫGRÿyQyWKѭӡQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJQKѭOjWiFQKkQWҭ\WUҳQJFKRJLҩ\vҧLVӧLYjÿӗPk\WUH+&O2WURQJQѭӟFEӏSKkQKӫ\WӯWӯWKjQK+&OYjR[\WKHRSKѭѫQJWUình:

HClO = HCl + 1/2O2PhҧQӭQJQj\[ҭ\UDQKDQKKѫQGѭӟLWiFÿӝQJFӫDiQKVing, nhҩWOjGѭӟLiQKsáng mһWWUӡLYjNKLFyPһWFӫDFKҩW[~FWiF

Do có tính oxi hóa mҥQKFKRQrQFiFKDORJHQUҩWGӉSKҧQӭQJQJD\YӟLcác chҩWKӳXFѫQKҩWOjWURQJÿLӅXNLӋQҭP ErQQJRjLGDYjErQWURQJFѫWKӇÿӝQJ WKӵF YұW Yj FRQ QJѭӡL Jk\ WәQ WKѭѫng rҩW QKDQK Yj ÿӇ OҥL KұX TXҧnghiêm trӑQJĈӕLYӟLFiFFKҩWY{FѫFyWtQKNKӱQJD\FҧFiFFKҩWNKӱ\ӃXcác halogen cNJQJUҩWGӉSKҧQӭQJÿӇWҥRWKjQKFiFKDORJHQXDWѭѫQJӭQJNKibӅQYӳQJYjKҫXQKѭNK{QJÿӝFKҥLWUӯPӝWVӕKӧSFKҩWFӫDIOR +DORJHQWiFdөQJYӟLNLӅPWҥRWKjQKFiFPXӕLKDORJHQXDYjK\SRKDOLW

Cl2 + Fe = FeCl2

Cl2 + 2FeCl2 = 2FeCl3

Cl2 + 2NaOH = NaCl + NaOCl

Cl2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaOCl2 + H2OCaOCl2 = CaCl2 + 1/2O2

Các halogen nguyên tӕWKҧLYjR NK{QJNKtÿӅXGѭӟLGҥQJFiFSKkQWӱkhí Chúng là nhӳQJFKҩWR[LKyDUҩWPҥQKFKRQrQNKLWLӃS[~FYӟLPӝWKjPOѭӧQJ QKӓ WURQJ NK{QJ NKt ÿm Fy WKӇ Eӏ WiF ÿӝQJ ÿiQJ NӇ &K~QJ OjP WәQWKѭѫQJGDKӫ\KRҥLFiFQLrPPҥFPҳWPNJLPLӋQJYjÿһFELӋWQJKLrPWUӑQJ

là gây tәQ WKѭѫQJ VkX ÿӕL YӟL SKәL 7XǤ WKXӝF YjR WKӡL JLDQ Yj QӗQJ ÿӝKDORJHQWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJWLӃS[~FPjQKӳQJWәQWKѭѫQJFyWKӇӣPӭFÿӝWӱvong, viêm phù phәLKRҥLWӱFiFQLrPPҥFKRһFFyWKӇKӗLSKөFVDXNKLFiFK

ly vӟLP{LWUѭӡQJQKLӉPÿӝF&iFKDlogen bҧQWKkQQyÿmOjQKӳQJFKҩWÿӝFhҥLÿӕLYӟLFѫWKӇVӕQJFiFGүQ[XҩWFӫDFK~QJÿһFELӋWOjFiFKDORJHQKӳXFѫFNJQJUҩWQJX\KLӇP7KtGөQKѭFiFFѫFORWURQJWKXӕFWUӯVkXGLӋWQҩPlàm rөQJOi Fk\ FKҩW ÿӝFKyDKӑF  Oj QKӳQJ FKҩW ÿӝF WiFÿӝQ J OrQ Fѫ WKӇÿӝQJWKӵFYұWWKHRQKӳQJFѫFKӃUҩWÿDGҥQJ

&iF NKt K\GURKDORJHQXD +) +&O +%U +,  WURQJ P{L WUѭӡQJ NKDQWѭѫQJ ÿӕL Oj NpP KRҥW ÿӝQJ 1KѭQJ NKL Fy PһW FӫD QѭӟF KD\ KѫL QѭӟF WKuchúng là nhӳQJD[LWPҥQKWiFÿӝQJOrQÿӝQJWKӵFYұWWKHRFѫFK ӃSKҧQӭQJcӫDFiFD[LW

Ngoài ra mӝW Vӕ KӧS FKҩW ӣ WKӇ NKt FӫD KDORJHQ Yj KDORJHQ YӟL FiFnguyên tӕ NKiF FNJQJ Oj QKӳQJ FKҩW UҩW ÿӝF KҥL WKt Gө QKѭ &O)3, fosgen, halogenua silan (SiHxXy)

2.1.2 CÁC HӦ3&+Ҩ7'Ҥ1*.+Ë&Ӫ$/Ѭ8+8ǣ1+

/ѭXKXǤQKKӧSFKҩWtӗQWҥLӣQKӳQJGҥQJNKiFQKDXWXǤWKXӝFYjRFiFmӭFKyDWUӏFӫDQy7KtGөQӃX[ӃSWKHRKyDWUӏWӯkPÿӃQGѭѫQJWDFyGү\

H2S - SCN - S - SO2 - SO3 - H2SO4 - H2S2O8

khí khí r̷QNKtNKtO͗QJ l͗QJ

Trong thӵFWӃWKѭӡQJJһSQKҩWOj+2S và SO2còn các khí khác rҩWKLӃPkhi thҩ\[XҩWKLӋQWURQJFXӝFVӕQJKjQJQJj\

Khí H2S [6, 9]

1 S͹SKiWVLQK

H2SÿѭӧFVLQKUDFKӫ\ӃXWӯQKӳQJTXiWUuQKSKkQKӫ\YLVLQK\ӃPNKtQKѭӣFiFFѫVӣ[ӱOêFKҩW thҧL

ChҩWKӳXFѫFKӭDOѭXKXǤQKVi sinh vұW CH4+ CO2 + H2S + .Hay tӯ FiF Fѫ Vӣ GӋW QKXӝP Vӱ GөQJ FiF PXӕL VXQSKXD OjP SKө JLD WUӧnhuӝPKRһFÿӏQKPjX

Na2S + 2H2Oœ H2S + 2NaOHFeS + 2H+ = H2S + Fe2+

2.Tính ch̭Wÿ̿FWU˱QJ

H2S là khí kém bӅQ NKL SKiW WiQ YjR WURQJ NKt TX\ӇQ 1JѭӡL WD ÿmnghiên cӭXYjÿѭDUDJLҧQÿӗYӅVӵELӇQÿәLYjWKӡLJLDQWӗQWҥLFӫDQyWURQJtӵQKLrQQKѭWUrQKuQK

các dòng thӫ\WULӅX

H2S trong dung dӏFKQѭӟFWKӇKLӋQQKѭPӝWD[LW\ӃXWiFGөQJÿѭӧFYӟLcác kiӅPPҥQKÿӗQJWKӡLQyFNJQJUҩWGӉWiFGөQJYӟLQKLӅXLRQNLPORҥLWҥRthành các kӃWWӫDVXQSKXDNKyWDQ

H2S + 4Cl2 + 10NaOH = Na2SO4 + 8NaCl + 5H2OHydrosunphua vӯDOjNKtNtFKWKtFKYӯDOjNKtJk\QJҥW1ӃXWiFÿӝQJtrӵFWLӃSOrQFiFQLrPPҥFPNJLYjPҳWQyVӁJk\YLrPQәLVҫQNӃWPҥF.KLhít vào phәL+2S sӁWiFÿӝQJOrQWRjQEӝÿѭӡQJK{KҩSQKӳQJFҩXWU~FVkXKѫQVӁEӏSKiKӫ\VkXVҳFYjKұXTXҧFyWKӇÿӇOҥLOjEӋQKSKSKәL1ӃXWLӃSxúc vӟLKjPOѭӧQJOӟQKѫQSSPPJP3), khí H2S sӁKҩSWKөYjRphәLUҩWQKDQKFyELӇXKLӋQWKӣJҩSVDXÿyOjWUXӷK{KҩSYjWKѭӡQJOjGүQtӟLWӱYRQJ1KLӉPÿӝFPmQWtQKÿӕLYӟL+2S nӃXWKѭӡQJ[X\rQWLӃS[~FYӟLKjPOѭӧQJNKRҧQJ– SSP1JѭӥQJWiFÿӝQJFӫDNKt+2S có thӇWKDPkhҧRWUrQEҧQJ

FKRFiFÿӝQJFѫFKҥ\EҵQJ[ăQJGҫXYjQKLӅXOƭQKYӵFNKiFVӱGөQJQKLrQliӋXKyDWKҥFK%rQFҥQKÿyQyFzQӣFiFQJXӗQNKtWKҧLFӫDQKӳQJTXiWUuQKÿӕWOѭXKXǤQKFNJQJQKѭFiFORҥLNKRiQJVXQSKXDSKkQKӫ\NKRiQJVXQSKiWӣQKLӋWÿӝFDRYjF{QJQJKLӋSOӑFKyDGҫX7әQJOѭӧQJ622 thҧLYjRNK{QJNKtKjQJQăPѭӟFWtQKYjRNKRҧQJWULӋXWҩQWURQJÿyNKRҧQJGRÿӕWWKDQGRÿӕWQKLrQOLӋXWӯGҫXPӓYjSKҫQFzQO ҥLOjGRF{QJQJKLӋSOӑFhóa dҫXOX\ӋQNLPYjFiFKRҥWÿӝQJNKiF

S + O2 = SO2

2CuS + 2O2 = 2CuO + SO2

2H2S + 3O2 = 2SO2 + 2H2O4CaSO4 + 2C = 4CaO + 2CO2 + 4SO2

2.Tính ch̭Wÿ̿FWU˱QJ

/ѭXKXǤQKGLR[LW QKѭÿã nói ӣWUrQOjDQK\GULWFӫDD[LWVXQSKXUѫGRÿyQyWDQWURQJQѭӟFWҥRWKjQKGXQJGLFKD[LWPҥQKSKҧQӭQJPmQKOLӋWYӟLFiFED]ѫNӇFҧQKӳQJED]ѫ\ӃXWҥRWKjQKFiFPX{tWѭѫQJӭQJ

SO2 + H2O = H2SO3

H2SO3 + 2NaOH = Na2SO3 + 2H2O

H2SO3 + Ca(OH)2 = CaSO3p + 2H2OBҧQ WKkQ 622 và gӕF VXQSKLW Oj QKӳQJ FKҩW Fy WtQK NKӱ WѭѫQJ ÿӕLmҥQK1KѭQJ622 trong không khí khô rҩWNKyR[LKyDWKjQK62 3 mà muӕQoxi hóa nó phҧLVӱGөQJ[~FWiFWKtFKKӧSYjWURQJQKӳQJÿLӅXNLӋQQKҩWÿӏQKNgѭӧF OҥL JӕF 6232- hay các muӕL VXQSKLW OҥL UҩW GӉ GjQJ Eӏ R[L KyD EҵQJQJD\R[LNK{QJNKtWURQJÿLӅXNLӋQWKѭӡQJYjTXiWUuQKR[LKyD[ҭ\UDQKDQKKѫQNKLWăQJQKLӋWÿӝFKRSKҧQӭQJ

SO2 + 2Fe3+ + 2H2O = SO42- + 2Fe2+ + 4H+

SO2 + H2O + CaCO3 + 1/2O2 = CaSO4 + CO2 + H2OMgSO3 + 1/2O2 = MgSO4

Khí SO2 ÿѭӧF FRL Oj NKt WKҧL QJX\ KLӇP Yu WtQK ÿӝF KҥL FNJQJ QKѭ Vӵphát thҧLOѭӧQJOӟQYjWKѭӡQJ[X\rQFӫDQy622 FyWiFÿӝQJOrQÿѭӡQJK{hҩSEҳWÿҫXWӯQӗQJÿӝPJP3 (0,75 ppm) TiӃS[~FYӟLWKӡLJLDQQJҳQ(24 giӡ ... H2S2O8

khí khí r̷QNKtNKtO͗QJ l͗QJ

Trong thӵFWӃWKѭӡQJJһSQKҩWOj+2S SO2cịn khí khác rҩWKLӃPkhi thҩ\[XҩWKLӋQWURQJFXӝFVӕQJKjQJQJj\... [ѭӣQJÿӗQJWKӡLGӉÿѭDFiFWiFQKkQÿӝFKҥLWӯYQJQj\VDQJYQJNKiF9uYұ\mӝWWURQJQKӳQJ\rXFҫXFҫQWKLӃWNKLiSGөQJELӋQSKiSQj\OjSKҧLәQÿӏQKÿѭӧFFiFQJXӗQSKiWWKҧLÿӝFKҥL+LӋQWӗQWҥLPӝWVӕVѫÿӗKӋWKӕQJWUDRÿәLkhơng khí phịQJQKѭVDX

Khơng khí sҥFKo Vùng thӣo 9QJSKiWVLQKNKtÿӝFo MiӋQJK~Wo ThҧL

b Thơng... ÿѭӧF iS GөQJ FKR QKӳQJvùng có khí hұXQyQJNK{QKѭPLӅQWUXQJYjPLӅQQDPQѭӟFWD

Trong giҧLSKiSWK{QJJLyFѭӥQJEӭFWKuÿLӅXKzDQKLӋWÿӝNK{QJ khí hình thӭFFDRQKҩWFӫDNӻWKXұWWK{QJJLyQKҵPÿiSӭQJFKӫÿӝQJFiFthơng