practice campus

Use of English Word-formation

Use of English

Word-formation

A- Complete each gap with an appropriate noun formo f the Word in capitals at

the end of line Use the suffixes in the box only once only to make further spelling changes necessary.

-hood -ship -ure -al -ness -ation -ance -ence -iety

-ity -ment -age -cy

1- His latest is a book of verse on the theme of relationships

PUBLISH

2- Light will be served from 3.30pm in the main hall REFRESH

3- Union members expressed their _ of the management’s offer by

walking out of the meeting APPROVE

4- In her _ to answer the phone, she almost fell down the stairs

EAGER

5- In the interests of safety, a number of standard _ need to be

followed PROCEED

6- Her 5,000-metre run paled into when compared with the

marathon her grandfather completed the following week SIGNIFY

7- The _ of the device is what has made it so popular SIMPLE

8- I cannot comment; I have been sworn to on the matter

SECRET

9- The cost of has increased by 10% this year MEMBER 10- Customers will be required to pay for any _ BREAK

11- There is every _ that prices will continue to rise next year

LIKELY

12- He valued his too much to ever want to get married

DEPEND

13- It’s quite natural to experience a certain amount of on your

first day at work ANXIOUS

B- Using the same suffixes as in exercise 1, write noun forms for the following

words The same suffix is needed for all three words Some words require further spelling changes

prosperous original familiar

C- Form the words using the words given at the end of each line.

REWARDING CHILDREN

Cash rewards are a common form of _ used by parents MOTIVATE with high _ to encourage their children to work hard at exam EXPECT time Some youngsters receive _ of as much as 100 pounds for each PAY

A grade they obtain at GCSE But should such ‘bribes’ be based on

exam or should they, as many parents and teachers feel, PERFORM

be offered in of a child’s effort, regardless of results? The RECOGNIZE

latter approach would solve the problem of how parents reward children

with different levels of ; image, for example, a family with ABLE one child who is gifted and another who has learning ACADEMIC The dangers of result-related incentives for the second child DIFFICULT

are clear; with little hope of obtaining the higher grades, the withholding

of promised rewards would only compound the child’s feeling FINANCE

of however, some leading educational psychologists believe FAIL

that parents should rely on their own in such matters They JUDGE

maintain that if parents know that money will motivate their child, then

they should not be condemned for operating a system of cash payouts

D- WORD COMBINATIONS

For questions 1-10 underline the correct alternative

1- There’s a heavy/strong/tough possibility I’ll get a pay rise in January.

2- He hasn’t got the fairest/slightest/longest/thinnest chance of winning the

election He’s far too unpopular

3- There is every/each/all very likelihood that the government will introduce the

measures this year

4- There were far more of them than us We didn’t stand/face/hold/keep a chance

against them

5- She was clearly rather worried and seemed close to edge/nerves/tensions/tears 6- I’m elated/delighted/pleasant/anxious to meet you at last, Mr Wood Let me

take your bag

7- The young singer fulfilled/enjoyed/was/became overnight success last year

when her debut single ‘Burning Ambition’ reached number 1

8- He had never acted before, but he rose/arose/aroused/raised to the challenge

and gave a very convincing performance

9- At 85 she says she’s unlikely to realize her resounding/longing/lifelong/overall

ambition of learning to fly

10- Snacks and easy/loose/light/full refreshments are available in the lounge area.

E- Read the text and insert the word that best fits each space

1-

THE IMPOSSIBLY CURVY DOLL

More than one billion _been sold in 150 different countries _ the first appearance at the New York Toy Fair in 1959 Created _ Ruth Handler, the daughter of Polish immigrants, and originally known _ the

‘Teenage Fashion Model’, she was a perky blue-eyed blonde, with a pony tail and a black-and-white swimsuit

It was while she was watching her daughter Barbara playing with cut-outs of adult women _ Handler came up _ the idea

the time, dolls in America always took the form of babies When she first proposed a prototype to executives at the toy company, Mattel, she was turned Later, _, Handler won over the all-made management, and the first toy doll in the USA with breasts went production

By the late Sixties, she was enjoying the same type of fame the Beatles

As her world expanded, so the profits, and she was making well over

$100 million a year for Mattel She took on numerous different identities, _

as astronaut, vet or surgeon and she acquired many friends, notably Ken, name came from Handler’s son

She was without her critics Her shapely figure was essentially

unattainable and feminists attacked Handler for presenting young girls with _ image of adult beauty they could never achieve Handler was not bothered by this ‘My whole philosophy was that through the doll, the little girl could be anything she wanted

to become,’ she later wrote

2-

LISTENING TO VEGETABLES

Scientists in Bonn have developed a method of listening to sounds from plants normally inaudible _ the human ear The basic technique

developed in the Netherlands, but the German equipment is sensitive When a leaf or stem is sliced, the plant signals pain or dismay _ releasing the gas ethylene over its entire surface The gas molecules are collected in a bell jar and bombarded with laser beams, _ makes them vibrate The resultant sound waves are amplified in a resonance tube, detected with a sensitive microphone The _ a plant is subjected to stress, the louder the signal One surprising result came from an apparently healthy cucumber that was virtually shouting _ agony closer study showed it

_ developed mildew, a harmful fungus, though the symptoms were apparent Listening to plants in this _ could be of great benefit to farmers as an early-warning system to detect pests and disease, and as an aid

to efficient storing and transporting Apples, for instance, give _ high levels

of ethylene, increasing with ripeness and causing neighbouring fruit rot Invisible differences of ripeness _ be detected acoustically, enabling fruit to be separated into batches in order to prolong freshness

3-

GRANDPARENTS: THE NEW GENERATION

Always sure source of affection, my grandparents _ hugely important figures in my life They _ shower my sister and me with sweets, indulgences and stories, telling tales about my parents as naughty children When the last of _ died, we all wondered who would hold the family together

People have relied on grandparents in Britain since the Industrial Revolution,

_ whole families moved into cities from the country to get work in the new factories, taking grandmother along to look after the children _ the fact that more grandmothers are working now, grandparents are still the backbone of childcare in Britain They provide 44% of full-time care for pre-school children, makes you wonder how the country would manage them

The traditional image of a grandparent is a smiling old person surrounded by a cohort of happy children, but doesn’t match the facts _ we have now is the so-called ‘beanpole family’, thinly stretched several generations, with fewer family members in each and with growing numbers of

single-parent families Grandsingle-parents are getting younger – more than 50% of grandsingle-parents already had their first grandchild by the age of 54

For many of them, grandparenthood means juggling a job, involvement with

grandchildren and, sometimes, the care of own parents It is up us to balance the demands we make on them if we don’t want to wear them _ Grandparents are a valuable part of the family that we just cannot do without them

F- Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first

sentence, using the word given in capital letters.

1- I’m going to write and complain to the council COMPLAIN

I intend to make _

2- There was nowhere for people to park LACK

There was _

3- It was really successful SUCCESS

It was _

4- You said that not many people turned up ATTENDANCE

You suggested that _

5- Lots of people said they thought the dancing was good STANDARD

Many commented on 6- If the bank refuses to lend us money, we might have to ask your parents instead REQUEST

If the bank turns _ 7- Having a holiday together was a mistake because we argued all the time

SECRET

I’d rather _ instead of telling everyone!

8- Although I wanted to quit smoking gradually, my doctor told me to stop

immediately PREFER

I up smoking gradually, but my doctor told

me to stop immediately

9- I would find Andy more attractive if he didn’t laugh at strange things SENSE

If it were _ humour, I would find Andy quite attractive.

10-If you should ever come to France, please feel free to visit us HAPPEN

Please feel free to visit us _ to France.

11- Patrick is going to lose his job if he insists on arriving late to work KEEP

If _ up late to work, Patrick is going to lose his job.

12- The most likely reason for the scientists getting the conclusion wrong is that

they were not thorough PROBABLY

If their research had been more thorough, the scientists

to the wrong conclusion.

13- Tom should have admitted his mistake, because the company usually gives

employees another chance SECOND

The company if he had admitted his

mistake.

14- Karen’s shyness means that she tries not to speak about anything personal in

front of other people HERSELF

Karen prefers to avoid _ public, as she is terribly shy 15- It would be a good idea if you could lose a couple of kilos WEIGHT

I don’t think that _ _ you any harm.

16- We had expected Pedro to get promoted SURPRISE

Pedro’s promotion came _ to us.

17- I think this report needed to be written more carefully CARE

You should _ writing this report.

18- Since the director could not speak at the awards ceremony himself, one of the

actors took his place BEHALF

One of the actors made the director at the

awards ceremony.

19- After the noise from the machine has stopped, you can open the lid UNTIL

Do not open the lid of the machine that noise.

20- I regret not concentrating more on what the teacher said during my French

lessons ATTENTION

I now wish _ the teacher during my French lessons.

21- Rene’s performance in last week’s test was nowhere near as good as it was in

today’s CONSIDERABLY

Rene performed he did in last week’s.

G- Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three

sentences.

1- We don’t take much _ of the dress code at work and we tend to

wear what we like

I just saw the manager putting up a advertising for part-time sales assistant

You didn’t happen to _ where I put that file, did you?

2- The characters in her novels a strong resemblance to those in

the Harry Potter series.

When you prepare your CV, in mind that it should be

informative but also concise

I can’t the thought of taking on any more responsibility!

3- You need to the fact that Bettina doesn’t want to go out with

you anymore!

The team will be attempting to climb the north _ of the mountain today

She was looking the other way so I asked her to turn round and _ me

4- The thing I like about our boss is that he never shows to

anyone – he treats us all the same

If our clients want to postpone the meeting, the delay might actually work in our _

Thanks for answering my calls this morning – I owe you a _

5- The number of nurses leaving their profession is expected to

sharply

The people were starving and had no choice but to _ against the government

In stunned silence, he watched his students _ one by one from their seats and walk out of the room in protest

6- Just you don’t hit your head as we crawl through the entrance

to the cave

When choosing a course abroad, you should bear in that some schools do not offer help with accommodation

I wouldn’t volunteering to do some charity work once I

graduate

7- It was Martin that had the _ idea of redesigning the company

logo and it’s now much more recognizable

If Anna continues to win so many contracts, she’ll have a _, if not brilliant future in this company

The day began cloudy and cool but ended with sunshine and warm temperatures

8- Adults are supposed to be learners in comparison to children.

I forgot that my watch was fifteen minutes _ so I arrived late for the interview

The first part of the film is terribly and my wife actually fell asleep at one point

9- When you reach the beach, towards the tall cliffs on the

right

The crowd cheered as David managed to _ the ball into the net in the last minute of the game

When the Prime Minister retires, his deputy will the government

10- As we boarded the ship, the occurred to me that I would

probably never return to my country or see my family again

Some people take risks while they’re driving, with no _ for the safety

of other motorists

We over the offer very carefully and after a week or so we

decided to accept

Multiple-choice cloze

A-

CHANGING COUNTRIES

(0) _ a new life and hoping for a significant (1) in their standard of

living, foreign workers began flocking into Western Europe during the 1950s In Britain, some of the first immigrants arriving from the West Indies and the Indian

subcontinent were welcomed by brass bands, but the dream of a new life soon (2)

sour for many.

Attracted by the promise to earn good money and learn new skills, the reality they

found was often one of low wages and, in many (3) , unemployment Some did not adapt (4) to a life in a country of cold weather, cold welcomes and discrimination The (5) _ of West Indian immigrants (6)

_ into the inner cities, areas that were already fraught with social tensions

caused by poverty and (7) _ housing There were cases of open hostility

towards the newcomers; in 1958, riots (8) out in Notting Hill, West

London, when gangs of white youths began taunting immigrants

Yet despite the (9) difficulties they encountered, many foreign workers did manage to (10) _ to their new conditions, settling in their new adopted

country and prospering Their contribution had the effect not only of speeding up the

(11) _ of economic change in the postwar period, it also (12)

_ Western Europe into a multiracial society.

0 A Searching B Wishing C Seeking D Leading

1 A switch B change C modification D variation

2 A turned B converted C switched D changed

3 A occasions B examples C ways D cases

4 A closely B greatly C easily D normally

5 A most B percentage C majority D number

6 A changed B lived C arrived D moved

8 A broke B carried C came D started

9 A several B high C numerous D heavy

10 A amend B adjust C turn D alter

11 A growth B motion C pace D step

12 A transformed B transferred C midified D shifted

B

VIRTUAL DOCTORS

Clare Harrison rarely (0) ill and hates going to the doctor’s when she does So when she recently (1) _ out in a painful rash down one side of her body she emailed her symptoms, which also included a (2) _ fever, to

e-doc, the internet medical service

Two hours later she was diagnosed as having shingles (Herpes Zoster) by her online

doctor, who (3) _ a special cleansing solution for the rash and analgesics

to help (4) the pain.

Health advice is now the second most popular topic that people search for on the

internet, and online medical (5) is big business Sites (6)

enormously in what they offer, with services ranging from the equivalent of a

medical agony aunt to a live chat with a doctor via email They are clearly (7)

_ a demand from people who are too busy or, in some cases, too

embarrassed to discuss their medical (8) _ with their GP.

Dr Ron Zeronis (9) _ with the idea for e-doc when he (10) _ a

particularly dangerous form of malaria whilst travelling in a remote part of Africa With only very basic medical facilities available, Dr Zeronis resolved there and then

to launch his site and (11) _ a service for others who found themselves in

a similar situation Not all practitioners, however, are in favour of sites such as e-doc; many point to the potential dangers of online medical advice, particularly in the

case of more (12) illnesses.

0 A falls B stays C goes D turns

1 A came B passed C worked D ran

2 A small B weak C mild D calm

3 A determined B concluded C prescribed D intended

4 A relieve B disappear C improve D lighten

5 A attendance B appointment C meeting D consultation

6 A alter B distinguish C change D vary

7 A meeting B serving C creating D establishing

8 A complaint B story C hardship D harm

9 A got on B thought over C came up D put forward

10 A received B contracted C gained D acquired

11 A supply B distribute C provide D deliver

12 A important B deathly C serious D endangered

Reading

Multiple matching

A

THE FAST TRACK TO BURNOUT

An increasing number of young executives are giving up their corporate position after experiencing an overload of pressure and dissatisfaction with what they

imagined would be a dream career Kate Martins talks to four young people who turned their backs on high salaries and even higher expectations Here’s how to beat it

A Tanya Burrows bears no grudge towards the corporation that rewarded her with

five promotions within the same number of years ‘At twenty-seven, I was able to buy my own luxury apartment,’ she says ‘For that reason I’ll always be grateful to them.’ Tanya admits that the high salary that came with each promotion was

irresistible ‘We weren’t poor but I don’t think my parents ever bought anything that wasn’t secondhand That definitely played a role in my motivation When

someone’s saying you can negotiate your own salary, it’s hard to say no.’ So what changed for Tanya? ‘Honestly, I got sick of the materialism I got sucked in too at first – you’d make sure other people knew what designer labels you were wearing, that they could see your cell phone was top of range…but it just wore thin for me.’ Tanya decided to quit and pursue her real passion for photography ‘It doesn’t offer much financial security as you don’t know when you’ll get your next contract, but I get to work in far more inspiring environments,’ she says

B Lily Tan left university with an MBA distinction and was quickly snapped up by

a major retail chain In just five years she achieved a senior management position and after receiving news of the promotion she was elated ‘I rang round just about everyone I could think of,’ she laughs ‘But the next day I felt nothing I had no inclination to get out of bed and face the constant pressure.’

Despite her sudden disillusionment, she continued to persevere and was the brains behind a new strategy ‘Everyone seemed to be in favour of it at the planning stage,’ she says But during the implementation stage, unforeseen problems arose and eventually the strategy was abandoned Lily’s next performance appraisal gave her a really low rating which she found devastating The whole experience was quite traumatizing and I was too emotionally immature to deal with it.’ It wasn’t long before Lily left and set up her own recruitment company which now flourishing She still regrets her discovery that there is no such thing as team spirit when one of the members makes a mistake

C Jane Dawson graduated top of her class in a Bachelor of Business (Finance)

degree and was offered a contract by three major investment companies She

accepted the one that was offering perks such as free tickets to major sporting events and a flash company car Just like the three other young high-flyers in these

interviews, Jane’s potential for leadership was quickly noted and she found herself promoted to team leader within six months But, exceptionally, in her case, she had already been looking for an escape route ‘Sure it was good money but hours were ridiculous I felt I should have been carefree at that age but the burden of

responsibility was enormous I felt trapped.’ Despite the fact that she’d been

elevated to senior analyst, Jane still felt anonymous within the giant corporation ‘It was a real feeling of being the small cog in a big machine Nothing I did really mattered.’ She forced herself to stay on for another year, but then nervously asked for a sabbatical To her amazement, her department head agreed ‘I guess they knew I’d reached burnout and didn’t want to lose me altogether – but there were plenty of workmates perfectly able to step into my shoes,’ she admits She spent the year travelling and working on community projects in developing countries By the time Jane was due to return, she knew she was in the wrong job She applied to work for

an aid organization, where she says ‘At last I feel I’m doing something worthwhile.’

D Natalie Copeland was signed up to work for a leading PR consultancy She

admits to being a perfectionist, an attribute which saw her rise through the ranks in

no time ‘It’s a weakness, too,’ she says ‘It can mean that you’re reluctant to

delegate and end up with the pressure of doing it all yourself.’ For the first few years, however, she had no problem with overtime and her performance appraisals were almost always flawless But Natalie feels she committed ‘career-suicide’ by opting to getting married and have a child at twenty-five ‘My colleagues seemed utterly mystified and tried to talk to me out of it.’ And on her return to work Natalie felt instant resentment towards her ‘I had to leave promptly at the end of the

working day to take care of my daughter Anita but would come in an hour early and work through my lunch hour It made no difference,’ she explains ‘They simply alienated me.’ By this she means that workmates were reluctant to update her on recent developments and withheld vital information on new projects With little support from her seniors either, and refusing to compromise her time with her family, Natalie handed in her notice and now works for a smaller PR company offering flexi-time

Of which young executive is the following true?

1- Her sense of being unimportant did not change once she had been promoted ……… 2- Her current job does not provide her with a regular income…………

3- She felt that her colleagues were being unco-operative on purpose………

4- A project that she was working on did not turn out the way she expected……… 5- She admits to showing off things she could afford to buy with her high salary……… 6- She accepted the job because of the benefits that were additional to the salary……… 7- She suggests that her young age meant she was unable to cope with a stressful

situation………

8- She was trying to find a way to leave the company before she received a

promotion…………

9- The people she worked with could not relate to a decision she had made………… 10- She suggests a lack of money in her childhood made a high salary more

desirable………

11- She believes that other people could have done her company she worked

for………

12- She does not have any negative feelings towards the company she worked

for………

13- The feelings she had towards her promotion quickly changed………

14- One of her qualities also disadvantaged her in a certain way………

15- She wanted more freedom while she was still at a young age…………

B

My constant fight to stay awake

Dan Butler-Morgan tells Bryony Gordon about the difficulties of living with

narcolepsy

As a teenager, Dan Butler-Morgan used to nod off during lessons at school He thought

it was just what every rebellious schoolboy did But when Dan left school, got a job as a mechanic and continued to fall asleep during the day, he realized this wasn’t normal None of his colleagues dozed off while servicing a car or spent their lunch break

snoozing in a corner

When his boss threatened him with the sack, he knew he had to find out what made him

so different from everybody else Dan’s GP was equally baffled and immediately sent him to a sleep centre, where he was diagnosed as suffering from narcolepsy, an

incurable sleep disorder that is known to affect at least 2,500 people in UK

Narcoleptics fall asleep at irregular and unexpected times ‘Most people,’ says Dan,

‘however tired, can stay awake if need be But with me, it’s like a blind is drawn I can

be having a conversation with the most interesting person, but inside, I am fighting a constant battle to stay awake It’s like someone switches the lights off.’

Dan once fell off his bike due to an attack, and has been thrown out of nightclubs by bouncers who thought he was drunk – sufferers are often mistakenly considered to be inebriated or lazy This, coupled with the fact that nobody is quite sure what causes narcolepsy, makes it hard to diagnose It is widely believed to be the result of a genetic mutation, and research has shown sufferers have a deficiency of hypocretin , a small hormone produced in the brain which regulates the body’s state of arousal

Most narcoleptics also experience cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscular control that can cause them to fall to the floor, their heads to slump or their jaws to drop, usually after sudden surge of emotion such as happiness, anger or fear During the night, narcoleptics can also suffer from sleep paralysis – an inability to move just before falling asleep or just after waking up – and hallucinations

Dan suffers from all of these symptoms When I arrive for our interview he holds onto the door for support as his legs buckle in an attack of cataplexy, because ‘I walked in and didn’t recognize you, and I was a bit taken aback’ He finds it hard to describe the sleep paralysis and hallucinations, but says he begins ‘to go cold from toes up, and then get these horrible noises in my head – babies crying and a high-pitched squeal Then I start to see things, either figures in the room or big hands coming at me from behind the curtains.’

The only person who can help Dan to snap out of hallucinations is his 25-year-old wife, Claire, who is frequently tired as she is woken by the attacks ‘I put a hand on his shoulder and he will come round, but it can happen again during the night,’ she says At their worst, she estimates, the attacks can occur around 50 times a night

Dan is remarkably fresh-faced for someone who is supposed to feel overwhelming fatigue He puts this down to the new tablets he takes to control his condition He used