Trọng tâm kiến thức Tiếng Anh lớp 11

www.sachmoi24h.com UNIT THE GENERATION GAP - KEY PART I LANGUAGE FOCUS Vocabulary extended family (n): gia đình nhiều hệ nuclear family (n): gia đình hạt nhân childcare (n): việc chăm sóc generation gap (n): khoảng cách hệ table manners (n): cung cách ăn uống appearance (n): ngoại hình conservative (adj): bảo thủ state - Owned (adj): thuộc nhà nước follow in somebody's footsteps: theo gương viewpoint (n): quan điểm open-minded (adj): thoáng impose (v): áp đặt conflict (n): xung đột decision (n): định norm (n): chuẩn mực distract (v): làm phân tâm brand name (n): hàng hiệu afford (v): có khả chi trả regardless of: preference (n): sở thích objection (n): phản đối expectation (n): mong đợi pierce (v): xâu khuyên (tai, mũi ) extra-curricular (adj): ngoại khóa curfew (n): lệnh giới nghiêm studious (adj): chăm học forbid (v): cấm flashy (adj): hào nhoáng elegant (adj): lịch homestay (n): gia đình địa frustrating (adj): khó chịu privacy (n): riêng tư sibling (n): anh chị em ruột Grammar 2.1 Form: should, ought to, must, have to should ought to + V(infinitive without to) must have/has/had to e.g You ought to learn English to have a better job Cậu nên học Tiếng Anh để có cơng việc tốt You must try a bit harder Anh phải cố gắng chút + Notes: > Phủ định should shouldn't, phủ định must mustn't, phủ định ought to ought not to, phủ định have to don't/ doesn't/didn't have to e.g You ought not to drink too much coffee (Chị không nên uống nhiều cafe.) Linda doesn't have to study in the afternoon (Linda học vào buổi chiều) > Ta thường không dùng must ought to với câu hỏi 2.2 Use: * should/ ought to (nên): dùng với lời khuyên gợi ý e.g She should/ought to phone him as soon as possible (Chị nên gọi điện cho anh sớm tốt.) * must (phải): dùng để diễn tả bắt buộc (xuất phát từ suy nghĩ cảm nhận người nói, mang tính chủ quan) e.g You must invite me to your wedding party (Em phải mời anh dự tiệc cưới em nhé.) * have to (phải/cần): dùng để diễn tả bắt buộc/ cần thiết (xuất phát từ nội quy luật pháp, mang tính khách quan) e.g I have to dress formally for work (Em phải ăn mặc trang trọng làm) My son has to wear uniform for school (Con trai phải mặc đồng phục học.) + Notes: Have got to dùng văn nói nhiều văn viết e.g I've got to leave right now (Mình phải bây giờ.) Mustn't cịn dùng để diễn tả điều cấm làm e.g You mustn't park here (Bạn không phép đậu xe đây.) Pronunciation Strong and weak forms of words in connected speech (Dạng mạnh yếu từ lời nói) Các từ câu Tiếng Anh đọc với độ mạnh, yếu không giống Strong forms (dạng mạnh): từ nhấn mạnh (đọc to, rõ, dài) từ khác câu, từ gọi content words (từ nội dung)-diễn tả ý nghĩa cậu Content words: Nouns: Tom, cat, company Verbs: live, study, travel Adjectives: beautiful, green, attractive Adverbs: carefully, hard, frequently Pronouns: this, theirs, herself Weak forms (dạng yếu): từ đọc yếu (đọc nhỏ, ngắn) từ khác câu, từ gọi function words (từ chức năng) - chúng quan trọng việc diễn tả ý nghĩa câu mà tạo nên đầy đủ thành phần cho cậu Function words: Auxiliary verbs: can, do, have Prepositions: in, out, behind Conjunctions: and, or, but Determiners: a, the, some Possessive adjectives: his, your, our PART II PRACTICE www.sachmoi24h.com Match each picture with a suitable word/phrase a extended family b conflict c brand name d forbid e sibling Your answer: c b a e d Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription _nuclear family /ˈnjuːkliə(r)ˈfỉməli/ (n): _gia đình hạt nhân _ _generation gap /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃnɡæp/ (n): _khoảng cách hệ impose /ɪmˈpəʊz/ (v): _áp đặt _norm _ /nɔːm/ (n): chuẩn mực _affrord /əˈfɔːd/ (v): _có khả chi trả _ _preference _ /ˈprefrəns/ (n): _sở thích _ _objection /əbˈdʒekʃn/ (n): _sự phản đối _ curfew /ˈkɜːfjuː/ (n): _lệnh giới nghiêm _ frustrating /frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ/ (adj): _khó chịu 10 _privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ (n): riêng tư Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets You _must not dress _ (not/ must/ dress) too casually for work She has to get _ (have to / get) a work permit before she goes I think that Peter ought to share _ (ought to / share) the housework with his wife Yesterday, Jane _had to get up _ (have to / get up) really early to catch the ferry to work They _do not have to take _ (not / have to / take) notes in this class because they are not required to this Sam _did not have to type _ (not / have to / type) her assignment when she did it last year You should take _ (should / take) a lot of passport photos with you Governments _should also reduce _ (also / should / reduce) the costs to the public of travelling on public transport Next week I _will have to work _ (have to / work) in another branch of my company 10 _Do you have to have _ (you / have to have) passports for your dogs when you travel abroad? Complete the following sentences I think you should talk to/ ask/ discuss with your teachers about it I'm sure they will give you the best advice You _mustn’t take photographs here This is a restricted area Well, to visit some countries, you have to have a visa _, so you ought to organize that before you go Notice to all conference participants: Please note that you _must register before entering the conference hall The school cannot be held responsible for any loss or theft of students' property, so students _must keep track of/ pay attention to their belongings Find and correct mistakes in following sentences I am going to New York next month, so I will must to buy a guidebook I am going to New York next month, so I will have to buy a guidebook You always should carry plenty of loose change You should always carry plenty of loose change Students who come to the class late ought to clean the floor That’s the rule in my class Students who come to the class late have to clean the floor That’s the rule in my class You don't have to smoke inside but you can smoke outside You mustn’t smoke inside but you can smoke outside I should leave now because I have a meeting I have leave now because I have a meeting PART III TEST YOURSELF Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences conservative forbids viewpoint frustrating open-minded childcare impose Conflicts generation gap extended family Jenny lives in a/an _extended family which consists of four generations Some young couples don't think twice before deciding to get married, so they not have enough knowledge for taking care of children and childcare is too difficult for them My neighbor is an extremely conservative person He insists that his son should follow in his footsteps The student responded that she didn't want her parents to impose their decision on her _Conflicts _ normally happen when people don't understand each other well My grandmother thinks that I should get a job in a state-owned organization after university; however, my parents don't share her _viewpoint _ Eric should realize that his parents are quite _open-minded as they only instruct him, but they never impose their decisions on him One disadvantage of living in an extended family is that it can be frustrating due to the lack of space, independence and privacy The law forbids _ the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16 10 Today there appears to be a new generation gap between the now older baby boomers and their kids about what will be Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right conservative a a way of thinking about a subject viewpoint b showing that you prefer traditional styles and values www.sachmoi24h.com open-minded c to take somebody's attention away from what they are trying to distract d willing to listen to, think about or accept different ideas extra-curricular e not part of the usual course of work or studies at a school or college Your answer: b a d c e Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets brackets She complained that the photographs were an invasion of her _privacy _ (private) Generational consciousness is another way of distinguishing among generations that was worked on by social scientist Karl Mannheim (Generate) By this way, you can cope up with the expectation(s) _ of the kids and always be updated (expect) Social, economic, or political changes can bring _awareness _ to these shared interests and values for similarly-aged people who experience these events together (aware) James is a _studious student Not only does he complete all required exercises but he looks for some extra ones as well (study) The main _objection to the plan was that it would cost too much (object) Many people expressed a strong _preference _ for the original plan because of its effectiveness (prefer) The amount will be paid to everyone _regardless _ of whether they have children or not (regard) The major factor causing the generation gap is the lack of _communication between parents and their children (communicate) 10 Some parents may also find their children's behavior unacceptable and _disrespectful to traditional values (respect) Choose the best answer She considered people to be products of the values and norms of the society they lived in The underlined word has the closest meaning to A rules B rulers C roles D rails Anna: "Do your parents and you share any viewpoints?" - Jessica: “ ” A Good idea I like football but they like volleyball B Well, my parents like to work for state-owned companies C Actually, working for an international corporation is my dream D Yes, we believe that practice makes perfect Children should keep calm when their parents try to their choices of university or career on them What they need to is to point out some disadvantages of following in their footsteps A impose B expose C compose D enclose Those enable them to begin making their own interpretations of the world based personal encounters that set them apart from other generations A on B in C of D after “You are not allowed to press the red button on this machine." has the closest meaning to A You ought to press the red button on this machine B You mustn't press the red button on this machine C You not have to press the red button on this machine D You should not to press the red button on this machine "It would be a good idea for you to exercise more in the morning." has the closest meaning to A You ought to exercise more in the morning B You should to exercise more in the morning C You have to exercise more in the morning D You must not exercise more in the morning A is a person's opinion about a subject A power point B viewpoint C overview D viewer A twenty-year-old boy should not be dealt the same as when he was five years old A with B for C to D over According to a survey a lot of young people prefer to live in families which consist of parents and children A nuclear B extended C three generation D four generation 10 The family, which consists of three or even four generations, is only popular in some regions today A nuclear B extended C intended D small 11 First of all, we to walk or cycle if we can, rather than using our cars A should to try B ought try to C ought to try D have try to 12 I don't think you to your sister's assignment She should it herself A ought B ought not C must D have to 13 I can volunteer work on Sunday because I go to school on that day A don't have to B must C ought not to D should 14 What about if you are going to go travelling? A must you think B ought you think C you have to think D ought to you think 15 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A bulky B believe C impose D afford 16 If you go to Nepal, you around a Buddhist temple in a clockwise direction A always must walk B always should walk C ought always walk D must always walk 17 Choose the answer which needs correcting Permission to come by bicycle should be obtain from the form teacher A B C D 18 Choose the answer which needs correcting Any bicycles brought onto school grounds must left locked in the bicycle sheds provided A B C D 19 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A sibling B curfew C distract D homestay 20 Choose the answer which needs correcting Governments should taken advice from experts before making new laws A B C D Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences not / You / use / your / must / mobile / examination / in / the / room / phone You must not use your mobile phone in the examination room hope / I /to / that/ work /I / late / night / won't have / at I hope that I won’t have to work late at night never / You / / again / must / that You must never that again She / on / always / an / her / keep / children / should / eye She should always keep an eye on her children railings / must / be / to / not / Bicycles / chained / the / school / Bicycles must not be chained to the school railings www.sachmoi24h.com Read the passage and choose the best answer Definition of Generation Gap and Causes Have you ever had the feeling that people older than you are hard to understand? Or, have you felt like people from younger generations just don't get it? Maybe you find it easier to (1) with people who are closer to your age than those who are older or younger than you You can probably thank the generation gap for these feelings There are currently six generations living in the United States: the Greatest Generation, Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z Each generation has its own unique set of characteristics and (2) For example, the Greatest Generation (born 1901-1924) is known for its patriotism, hard workers, and loyalty to institutions The Millennials (born 1980-2000) are characterized by their dependence on technology, detachment from traditional institutions, optimism, and (3) It is no wonder that many people from different generations have a hard time understanding each other Generation gap (4) to differences in actions, beliefs, interests, and opinions that exist between individuals from different generations So, what causes these differences? One factor that has heavily influenced generation gaps is the (5) rate of change in society In the 1800s, developments in society were slow As a result, two or three generations lived lifestyles that were very (6) to each other There weren't many differences across generations However, given technological and social advances that have taken place in the 20th and 21st centuries, the lifestyles of individuals even one generation apart are drastically different from each other Just think about all of the changes in technology that (7) in the past 20 years Many individuals from older generations are having trouble keeping up (8) the modern technologies that Millennials have become accustomed to Due to generation gaps, a child may explain to an adult how to use technology, or a young adult will choose to spend his time on public transportation texting, while an older man passes the time reading Another factor that has influenced the generation gap is the increased mobility of society In earlier generations, society was not very mobile Most people stayed in the same area or country There was (9) contact with people outside of one's general area Access to information from other cultures was limited However, with the increasing advances of technology, people began (10) to new things A approach B connect C concentrate D relate A norms B norm C normal D normally A open-minded B pessimism C open-mindedness D pessimistic A distract B focuses C relate D refers A accelerating B accelerate C celebrating D celebrate A different B similar C same D relate A have occurred B has occurred C had occurred D occurred A with B for C to D from A a little B much C little D amount of 10 A to being introduced B to be introduce C to be introduced D to introduce Fun corner You have 20 seconds to answer these questions Before Mt Everest was discovered, what was the highest mountain: in the world? A Mt Kilimanjaro B Mount Davidson Spell "Silk" out loud, times in a row What cows drink? A Cows can't drink B Water C Juice C No mountain D Milk www.sachmoi24h.com Unit RELATIONSHIPS - KEY PART LANGUAGE FOCUS Vocabulary strict (adj): nghiêm khắc relationship (n): mối quan hệ romantic (adj): lãng mạn, thuộc yêu đương romantic relationship (n): mối quan hệ yêu đương friendship (n): tình bạn single-sex (adj): có nam nữ sympathetic (adj): cảm thông caring (adj): chu đáo involved (adj): để hết tâm trí vào reconcile (v): làm lành break up: chấm dứt lend an ear (to somebody/something): lắng nghe make jokes about something: chế nhạo make fun of somebody: chế nhạo drop out of school: bỏ học divorce (n): ly hôn quality (n): phẩm chất contribution (n): đóng góp engage (v): lơi initiative (n): chủ động, đầu take initiative: chủ động, đầu community (n): cộng đồng have confidence in someone: tin tưởng permission (n): cho phép cheat (v): gian lận, lừa gạt ripped (adj): xẻ dọc properly (adv): đứng đắn, đắn unreasonable (adj): vô lý, không cơng have got a date (with someone): hẹn hị với đó) dating (n): việc hẹn hị speed dating (n): hẹn hò nhanh regretful (adj): nuối tiếc confide (v): thổ lộ ease (v): làm giảm tension (n): căng thẳng matchmaking (n): ghép đôi, mai mối potential (adj): tiềm profile (n): tiểu sử sơ lược Grammar 2.1 Linking verbs (động từ nối) 2.1.1 Form: S + linking verb + adj/n e.g Professor McKenna is our teacher (Giáo sư McKenna thầy giáo } www.sachmoi24h.com commercial space (n): khu thương mại, chỗ buôn bán Grammar 2.1 Question tags (Câu hỏi đuôi) 2.1.1 Form: +,-,? -,+? Câu hỏi đuôi gồm phần: phần chứa thơng tin phần đi, ngăn cách dấu phẩy ‘,’, ta trả lời “Yes/No” Thông thường phần dạng khẳng định phần thể phủ định ngược lại e.g This picture is a portrait, isn't it? (Bức tranh tranh chân dung phải không?) That man drives carefully, doesn't he? (Chú lái xe cẩn thận nhỉ?) This picture isn't a portrait, is it? (Bức tranh phải không tranh chân dung không nhỉ?) That man doesn't drive carefully, does he? (Chú chẳng lái xe cẩn thận nhỉ?) Notes: - Trong câu hỏi phần phần phải thì, tương ứng dụng động từ e.g That man doesn't drive carefully, does he? (Cùng đơn, động từ thường) This picture isn't a portrait, is it? (Cùng đơn, động từ to be) - Chủ ngữ phần đuôi đại từ nhân xưng nên ta phải chọn đại từ nhân xưng tương ứng với chủ ngủ phần e.g That man doesn't drive carefully, does he? (That man = he) Khi chủ ngữ trước đại từ bất định người (somebody, someone) phần ta dùng “they”, vật (something, anything ) ta dùng “it” e.g Somebody had closed the door, hadn't they? Something happened in this house, didn't it? 2.1.2 Use: Câu hỏi đuôi dùng để hỏi thơng tin mà ta chưa rõ để trì hội thoại (hỏi biết người nghe đồng ý với ta) - Hỏi thông tin mà ta chưa rõ: e.g They've moved here since last year, haven't they? (Họ chuyển đến từ năm ngối phải khơng?) - Để trì hội thoại (hỏi biết người nghe đồng ý với ta): e.g That student was impolite, wasn't she? (Bạn học sinh bất lịch nhỉ?) Notes: số trường hợp đặc biệt câu hỏi đuôi: - Let's shall we? e.g Let's go to the cinema, shall we? - Imperative e.g Help me carry this box, won't you? Don't stop singing, will you? - Negative e.g No one came up, did they? = People didn't come up, did they? - I am , aren't I? e.g I am a good leader, aren't I? - This/That is e.g This/That is a hippo, isn't it? 2.2 Conditional sentences type (câu điều kiện loại 0) 2.2.1 Form: If/When + present tense, present tense/imperative Or: Present tense/Imperative + if/when present tense e.g If/When you buy a motorbike, you also have to buy insurance (Nếu anh mua xe máy, anh phải mua bảo hiểm.) Turn off the machine if/when you see the red button on it (Tắt máy cậu thấy nút đỏ nó.) 2.2.2 Use: Ta dùng câu điều kiện loại để diễn tả chân lý điều mà ta cho e.g If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils (Nếu bạn đun nước đến 100 độ C, sơi.) Relax for a while when you feel tired (Hãy thư giãn lúc thấy mệt.) Pronunciation Intonation: questions tags (Ngữ điệu với câu hỏi đi) Câu hỏi dùng để hỏi thông tin mà ta chưa rõ để trì hội thoại (hỏi biết người nghe đồng ý với ta) - Khi hỏi thông tin mà ta chưa rõ, ta lên giọng cuối câu: e.g They've moved here since last year, haven't they?! (Họ chuyển đến từ năm ngối phải khơng?) - Để trì hội thoại (hỏi biết người nghe đồng ý với ta), ta xuống giọng cuối câu: e.g That student was impolite, wasn't she? (Bạn học sinh bất lịch nhỉ?) PART II PRACTICE Match each picture with a suitable word/phrase a urban b sensor c warning www.sachmoi24h.com d wastewater e tsunami Your answer: e a c b d Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj): bền vững _infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ (n): _cơ sở hạ tầng detect /dɪˈtekt/ (v): _dị tìm, phát _ _sensor /ˈsensə(r)/ (n): _thiết bị cảm biến _ _dweller _ /ˈdwelə(r)/ (n): cư dân _ _insoluble /ɪnˈsɒljəbl/ (adj): khơng thể hịa tan, khơng thể giải _optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj): _lạc quan _ _innovative /ˈɪnəvəɪtɪv/ (adj): _có tính đổi tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ (n): đường ống, đường hầm 10 _deodorize /diˈəʊdəraɪz/ (v): _khử mùi _ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets His wife _works _ (work) in a luxury hotel, doesn't she? Irish people living in Great Britain _do not have (not/ have) the right to vote in British elections, they? You _did not (not/do) your homework, did you? A number of prospective participants _have not signed (not/sign) up yet, have they? The waste had not been deodorized (not/ deodorize) before this method was introduced, had it? She has just bought _ (just/buy) a new bicycle, hasn't she? This vase _was made _ (make) in a mountainous village in the 14th century, wasn't it? If you _need (need) help, you often turn to your friends I think that if you have lots of friends, you are _ (be) lucky 10 What _happens _ to the engine (happen) if you put diesel fuel into a petrol-driven car? Complete the following sentences If you pour/ drop oil into water _, it floats If you boil milk, it forms a skin on the top _ If you plant a tree , you have to water it every day If you sneeze, you _have to open your mouth _ I don't really like going to parties unless _I know most people there Find and correct mistakes in following sentences The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call, did he? The boy waiting in the hall expected a phone call, didn’t he? Or: The boy waiting in the hall did not expect a phone call, did he? Passengers had to change in Manchester, had they? Passengers had to change in Manchester, didn’t they? The conferences planned by non-governmental organizations were about globalization, will it? The conferences planned by non-governmental organizations were about globalization, weren’t they? Or: The conferences planned by non-governmental organizations were not about globalization, were they? After a long discussion, the members in their group decided to stay in a hotel overlooking the nearby river, had it? After a long discussion, the members in their group decided to stay in a hotel overlooking the nearby river, didn’t they? Or: After a long discussion, the members in their group did not decide to stay in a hotel overlooking the nearby river, did they? The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, are they? The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, weren’t they? Or: The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were not grown in Scotland, were they? PART III TEST YOURSELF Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences urban detect traffic jam warning insoluble slums impact renewable capable installed Experts say that we should make use of _renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar power The report assesses the _impact of AIDS on the gay community It was reported that there was serious damage to both _urban _ and rural environments after the earthquake The tests are designed to _detect _ the disease early She had ignored the _warning signs of trouble ahead These chemicals are practically insoluble _ in water The hotel chain has recently installed _ a new booking system Our coach was caught in a _traffic jam and got to Heathrow forty minutes late She was brought up in the _slums _ of Leeds that were very poor, dirty and in bad condition 10 I'm perfectly of doing it myself, thank you Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right solar panel a with too many people or things in it generate b a piece of equipment on a roof that uses light and heat energy from the sun to produce hot water and electricity renewable c a person or an animal that lives in a particular place inhabitant d that is replaced naturally or controlled carefully and can therefore be used without the risk of finishing it all overcrowded e to produce or create something Your answer: b e d c a Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in The £500 million programme is centred around energy efficiency and _renewable _ power sources (renew) The workers are constantly _monitored _ for exposure to radiation (monitor) About 800 years ago, it was a town of 11 000 _inhabitants _ (inhabit) According to the report, too many poor people are living in _overcrowded conditions (overcrowd) In a journal article, European researchers say olive oil could help prevent cancer (research) The noise is barely _detectable/ detected by the human ear (detect) It has been announced that _installation _ of the new system will take several days (install) There will be a prize for the most _ innovative design (innovate) www.sachmoi24h.com As a part of her duties, she is developing the _ commercial side of the organization (commerce) 10 Some legal experts think the agency may have exceeded its authority (author) Choose the best answer Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the recession The underlined word has the closest meaning to A contact B effect C impose D extend Jessica: “What's your personal view on the wind power experiment?" - Jill: “ ” A No, we have a meeting then B I was expecting that he would win C I expect it will be a hit D Yes, I got in touch with Dr Martin On the flight back, we were to business class A upgraded B graded C assessed D apologized They came up with an idea for developing an instrument that can small amounts of radiation A detect B declare C determined D defame “Nobody bought cakes made by this firm, did they?" has the closest meaning to A People bought cakes made by this firm, did they? B People didn't buy cakes made by this firm, did they? C No one bought cakes made by this firm, didn't they? D Nobody bought cakes made by this firm, didn't they?! "If you freeze water, it turns to ice." has the closest meaning to A Water turns to ice when it is frozen B Water turned to ice if it is frozen C Water turned to ice when it is frozen D Water turns to ice when it froze Security lights with an infrared are nightmare for burglars A identify B sensitive C sensor D tense There is no of (= there are plenty of) things to in the town A leakages B advantage C gage D shortage Employees who prove themselves to be will usually get promoted quite rapidly A irresponsible B unstable C able D capable 10 Nothing will be done because no one in (= who has a position of power) takes the matter seriously A authenticity B stability C authority D reliability 11 You can make your own compost in a compost bin, you? A can't B hadn't C couldn't D don't 12 Let's find someone to generate new ideas, ? A will you B shall we C can we D didn't you 13 They were warned by a friend in the organization that their phone calls were being monitored, they? A were B did C weren't D didn't 14 They greeted the newcomers with friendly A occupations B salutations C insulting D criticizing 15 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A upgrade B detect C urban D install 16 They appeared surprisingly about their chances of winning They said that there would be no opportunities for them A pessimistic B pessimist C optimistic D optimist 17 Choose the answer which needs correcting Foreign observers monitored voting at polling stations around the country, did they? A B C D 18 Choose the answer which needs correcting He was not physically capable of climbing out of the window, couldn't he? A B C D 19 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A authority B deodorize C inhabitant 20 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A architectural B knowledgeable C archaeological Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences 12th / occupies / on / an / the / floor / He / office He occupies an office on the 12th floor everyone./ Her / impact / made / profound / on / speech / a Her speech made a profound impact on everyone tunnel / the / built / new / They've / through / mountain / a They’ve built a new tunnel through the mountain Word / Have / got / installed / you/ computer? / on / your Have you got Word installed on your computer? lot / proposal / generated / of / The / interest / has / a The proposal has generated a lot of interest Read the passage and choose the best answer Cities of the Future D salutation D excavation Living Buildings Homes and buildings will operate as living organisms, monitoring performance and (1) to our needs in real time, saving us energy and money Solar-Powered Public Transportation Cities will be connected by lightning-fast, solar-powered public transportation options that are clean and (2) They may even be stilted above existing roadways Solar Surfaces Solar panels will begin to appear in unlikely places They will cover sidewalks, line the outside of buildings, and double as fully (3) windows Solar Energy from Space Solar energy (4) from space and beamed down to earth, providing clean, cheap and efficient electricity to power our cities High-Speed Long-Distance Travel People will travel hundreds of miles in just minutes through solar-powered pods (5) through elevated, depressurized tubes, kind of like Elon Musk's Hyperloop Self-Driving Electric Cars All vehicles will get their energy from the electrical grid There will be no exhaust pipes, no carbon dioxide (6), no gas stations, and no car accidents Smart Grids www.sachmoi24h.com Consumers and power sources will communicate in real time through fiber optic smart grids that will reduce blackouts, (7) energy efficiency, and save money Innovative Wind Turbines Cities will (8) electricity from a host of new wind power innovations - turbines that float on the ocean, bladeless wind turbines, and turbines that hover in the atmosphere Energy Independent Homes Homes will be adorned with solar panels, small-scale wind turbines and other sources of electrical generation, allowing them to operate (9) from the grid, when necessary Efficient Water Use Buildings will be equipped (10) comprehensive water management systems, allowing them to collect rainwater, monitor water use, and efficiently recycle gray water A adapted B to adapt C adapting D adapt A contaminate B toxic C detrimental D convenient A functionally B functional C functions D function A will be harvested B will harvest C harvests D harvested A that travels B that travel C to travel D being travelling A emissions B missions C commissions D fashions A enlarged B decrease C maximize D fall A dedicate B concentrate C generate D deliberate A irresponsibly B environmentally C dependently D independently 10 A behind B above C over D with Fun corner You have 20 seconds to answer these questions If yesterday had been Wednesday's tomorrow and tomorrow is Sunday's yesterday, what day would today be? A Sunday B Thursday C Friday D Monday E Wednesday What goes up and never comes down? A Your time span B Your age C Your smartness D Your favorite food E Your common sense Unit 10 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND LONGEVITY - KEY PART I LANGUAGE FOCUS Vocabulary longevity (n): tuổi thọ, trường tồn healthy (adj): khỏe mạnh relieve (v): làm giảm (đau) weaken (v): làm suy yếu, làm giảm immune system (n): hệ miễn dịch meditation (n): thiền định (ngồi thiền) life expectancy (n): tuổi thọ heart disease (n): bệnh tim mach workout (n): buổi luyện tập thể dục remedy (n): biện pháp chữa bệnh prescription (n): đơn thuốc acupuncture (n): biện pháp châm cứu boost (v): nâng cao, đẩy mạnh aging process (n): q trình lão hóa nutrition (n): dinh dưỡng nutritious (adj): giàu dinh dưỡng cholesterol (n): chất béo gây xơ cứng động mạch brain (n): não mild (adj): nhẹ, ơn hịa infection (n): bệnh nhiễm trùng dramatically (adv): đáng kể acne (n): mụn trứng cá scanner (n): máy nội soi (cắt lớp) X-ray machine (n): máy X quang diagnose (v): chẩn đoán discovery (n): khám phá ra, phát kiến antibiotic (n): thuốc kháng sinh vaccine (n): vắc-xin (tiêm để bảo vệ thể) mass media (n): phương tiện truyền thông đại chúng intake (n): lượng tiêu thụ consumption (n): tiêu thụ obesity (n): béo phì living standard (n): mức sống diet (v): ăn kiêng = be on a diet dietary (adj): thuộc chế độ ăn dietician (n): chuyên gia dinh dưỡng prolong (v): kéo dài squeeze (v): nặn, bóp pimple (n): mụn nhọt swelling (n): sưng lên sunscreen (n): kem chống nắng fitness instructor (n): huấn luyện viên thể dục warm-up (n): khởi động stretch (v): duỗi www.sachmoi24h.com joint damage (n): tổn thương khớp appetite (n): ngon miệng faint (adj): uể oải, ngất overweight (adj): béo phì irritation (n): làm rát prefecture (n): quận landlocked (adj): đất liền stroke (n): đột quỵ be attributed to: cho pickled (adj): ngâm giấm miso (n): đậu hũ ferment (v): lên men paste (n): bột inland (adj): nội địa preserve (v): bảo quản Grammar 2.1 Conditionals in reported speech: Câu điều kiện lời nói gián tiếp (câu tường thuật) * Chúng ta dùng câu tường thuật để nhắc lại, kể lại lời nói trước e.g Tom: What did you at school yesterday, Jerry? Jerry: I played football (Tom: Bạn làm trường hơm qua Jerry? Jerry: Mình chơi bóng đá) Tom asked Jerry what he had done at school the day before Jerry replied that he had played football (Tom hỏi Jerry cậu làm trường hơm trước đó? Jerry trả lời cậu chơi bóng đá) * Thơng thường ta khơng thay đổi động từ câu điều kiện chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khi: - câu điều kiện loại e.g "If you sneeze, you have to open your mouth.” (Nếu em hắt em phải mở miệng.) She said to her brothers that if they sneeze, they have to open their mouth (Cơ nói với em trai chúng muốn hắt chúng phải mở miệng) - câu điều kiện loại thời điểm tường thuật e.g “If you don't study hard, you will fail." (Nếu không học chăm thi trượt.) My father said if I not study hard, I will fail (Bố nói khơng học chăm, thi trượt.) - động từ tường thuật chia e.g “If I were rich, I would buy a villa." (Nếu anh mà giàu, anh mua biệt thự.) He always says that if he were rich, he would buy a villa (Anh ta ln nói mà giàu, mua biệt thự.) * Thông thường ta thay đổi động từ câu điều kiện chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp câu điều kiện không cịn thời điểm nói e.g "If I win this competition, I will hold a party to celebrate.” (Nếu chiến thắng thi tổ chức bữa tiệc để liên hoan.) Mika told me that if she won in that competition, she would hold a party to celebrate (Mika nói với bạn chiến thắng thi đó, bạn tổ chức bữa tiệc để liên hoan.) 2.2 Reported speech with to-infinitives and gerunds: Câu tường thuật với động từ nguyên thể (to V) danh động từ (V-ing) Chúng ta thường dùng động từ nguyên thể danh động từ tường thuật lời hứa, mệnh lệnh, đề nghị, yêu cầu, lời khuyên, xin lỗi gợi ý - Các động từ sau theo sau O + to V: ask, advise, invite, order, remind, tell, warn e.g “You should eat more vegetables" (Các nên ăn nhiều rau hơn.) Our teacher advised us to eat more vegetables (Thầy giáo bọn khuyên bọn nên ăn nhiều rau hơn.) - Các động từ sau theo sau to V: agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten e.g “I will help you” (Cháu giúp chú.) The little boy promised to help him (Cậu bé hứa giúp đỡ ấy.) - Các động từ sau theo sau V-ing: admit, apologize for insist on, suggest e.g "Why don't we hold a meeting?" (Sao không tổ chức buổi họp nhỉ?) The monitor suggested holding a meeting (Lớp trưởng gợi ý tổ chức buổi họp.) Pronunciation Intonation: invitations, suggestions, polite requests, uncertainty and surprise (Ngữ điệu với lời mời, gợi ý, yêu cầu lịch sự, nghi ngờ ngạc nhiên) Để thân thiện hơn, hỏi thông tin (Yes/No), gợi ý hay mời thay dùng rising intonation (ngữ điệu lên) ta dùng fall-rise intonation (ngữ điệu xuống lên) cuối câu e.g Is this your coat? (Đây có phải áo khốc bà khơng nhỉ?) Would you like some coffee? (Ơng có muốn dùng chút cà phê không?) PART II PRACTICE Match each picture with a suitable word/phrase a sunscreen b obesity c brain d acupuncture www.sachmoi24h.com e meditation Your answer: b a d e c Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the following transcription prescription _ /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/ (n): _đơn thuốc _ acupuncture /ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)/ (n): _biện pháp châm cứu _ _nutritious /njuˈtrɪʃəs/ (adj): giàu dinh dưỡng _ _cholesterol /kəˈlestərɒl/ (n): _chất béo gây xơ cứng động mạch _ _antibiotic _ /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/ (n): thuốc kháng sinh _ _intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ (n): _lượng tiêu thụ _consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ (n): _sự tiêu thụ _ _prolong /prəˈlɒŋ/ (v): kéo dài _appetite /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ (n): _sự ngon miệng _ 10 _irritation /ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃn/ (n): _sự làm rát _ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets The lecturer said that if we heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils (boil) My father said to me that if I _buy _ (buy) a bicycle, I also have to pay for insurance The instructor claimed that if she did not finish (not/ finish) her project on time, she would be penalized He told his wife that if he _were/was (be) his boss, he would learn more about finance The waste had not been deodorized _ (not/ deodorize) before this method was introduced, had it? The disturbed young man threatened to jump (jump) off the bridge The girl admitted _starting (start) an ugly rumor about her neighbor? He apologized to his friend for _taking _ (take) her pen without asking apologized to his friend for her permission We reminded her to bring _ (bring) a lot of warm coats when moving to that extremely cold district 10 What happens _ (happen) to the engine if you put diesel fuel into a petrol-driven car? Complete the following sentences Jessica said that if she lost her job, she would be in serious trouble/ she couldn’t support her family _ The sportsman refused to answer questions concerning his private life The officers informed that if she paid for the trip in advance, _she might get a discount They persuaded me that if I not have a special friend, I won’t have someone to talk to in difficult times in my life./ I will feel lonely They prohibit _smoking/ taking pictures _ in the museum Find and correct mistakes in following sentences His doctor suggested to have a health check-up every months His doctor suggested having a health check-up every months Peter apologized to the technician for not follow his instructions Peter apologized to the technician for not following his instructions The trainer invited her attending their course on mediation The trainer invited her to attend their course on mediation The boy promised to not spend his days mindlessly surfing the Internet The boy promised not to spend his days mindlessly surfing the Internet The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, are they? The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were grown in Scotland, weren’t they? Or: The strawberries being eaten at the wedding of my colleague were not grown in Scotland, were they? PART III TEST YOURSELF Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences prescription mild immune Nutrition remedies boost relieve workout weakened healthier I feel much _healthier _ since I gave up smoking Aid workers called for further effort from governments to relieve _ the famine The explosion had _weakened _ the building's foundations considerably The vaccination doesn't necessarily make you completely immune _ She does a 20-minute _workout _ every morning I prefer to use herbal _remedies when I have a cold The pharmacist refused to refill a _prescription _ for birth control pills It was a very mild _ criticism, but he took it very badly Getting that job did a lot to boost _ his ego 10 Nutrition _ information is now provided on the back of most food products Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right longevity a to make something increase, or become better or more successful relieve b to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is remedy c long life; the fact of lasting a long time boost d a treatment or medicine to cure a disease or reduce pain that is not very serious diagnose e to remove or reduce an unpleasant feeling or pain Your answer: c e d a b Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in You look disgustingly healthy _ ! How you manage it? (health) Life _expectancy for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years (expect) Would you like to wait while the pharmacist makes up your prescription _? (prescribe) There is uncertainty about skin care products which claim to halt the _ageing process (age) The infection seems quite mild, so she should be better soon (infect) Events could have developed in a _dramatically different way (dramatic) The identity cards are examined by an electronic scanner (scan) To tour Sri Lanka is to take a voyage of _discovery _ through a land of endless variety (discover) Doctors say that children need to increase their consumption of fruit and vegetables (consume) 10 He noted, with some irritation , that the letter had not been sent (irritate) Choose the best answer The collection has been sold to the British Museum where it will be preserved for the nation The underlined word has the closest meaning to A conserved B prescribed C consumed D expressed Margret: “When could you go over the proposal?" - Mika: “ ” A His arrival was surprising B It was such a nice plan C You're looking nice today D May I review it right now? www.sachmoi24h.com They claim that one in twenty deaths can be directly attributed air pollution A to B for C above D on The symptoms of depression can include poor and weight loss A audience B authority C appetite D apology “I want to invite Dan and Margaret as well” - The wife said to her husband, has the closest meaning to A The wife insisted on inviting Dan and Margaret as well B The wife apologized for inviting Dan and Margaret as well C The wife denied inviting Dan and Margaret as well D The wife thanked for inviting Dan and Margaret as well "If you freeze water, it turns to ice." has the closest meaning to A Water turns to ice when it is frozen B Water turned to ice if it is frozen C Water turned to ice when it is frozen D Water turns to ice when it froze The new service helped pre-tax profits by 10% A to boost B to boat C to board D to burn The virus affects the body's immune system so that it cannot fight A affection B infection C effective D reflection The test is used to a variety of diseases A diagnose B diagram C dialogue D dialect 10 One of the best ways to get to your ideal size is to cut fat right down A inhale B indeed C induce D intake 11 It is important that the recovery be export-led rather than led by domestic A consumption B consumed C consumes D consume 12 Lentil soup is highly and easy to prepare A nutrition B nutritious C nutrient D nutrients 13 The operation could his life by two or three years A prolong B longevity C prolonging D length 14 They claim that one in twenty deaths can be directly to air pollution A occupied B supplied C attributed D criticized 15 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A relieve B healthy C weaken D workout 16 Most of the birds seek out climates during the winter months A cold B milder C colder D warmth 17 Choose the answer which needs correcting The young lady reminded her husband buying some groceries on the way home A B C D 18 Choose the answer which needs correcting He said that if his performance at school were good, his parents will be happy A B C D 19 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A longevity B prescription C diagnose D nutritious 20 Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others A acupuncture B expectancy C cholesterol D dramatically Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences vitamin C / up/ resistance / infection / Taking / builds / your / to Taking vitamin C builds up your resistance to infection way / is / spreading / the / common/ of / an / Sneezing / infection / most Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an infection when / He / terrible / he / acne / was / had / younger He had terrible acne when he was younger Her / was / condition / wrongly/ by / doctor./ diagnosed / the Her condition was wrongly diagnosed by the doctor out / squeezed / bit / the / toothpaste / of/ of / the / I / tube / last I squeezed the last bit of toothpaste out of the tube Read the passage and choose the best answer How does healthy eating affect mental and emotional health? We all know that eating right can help you maintain a healthy weight and avoid certain health problems, but your diet can also have a (1) effect on your mood and sense of wellbeing Studies have linked eating a typical Western diet-filled (2) processed meats, packaged meals, takeout food, and sugary snacks-with higher rates of (3), stress, bipolar disorder, and anxiety Eating an (4) diet may even play a role in the development of mental health disorders such as ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, or in the increased risk of suicide in young people Eating more fresh fruits and vegetables, cooking meals at home, and reducing your (5) of sugar and refined carbohydrates, on the other hand, may help to improve mood and (6) your risk for mental health problems If you (7) with a mental health problem, eating well can even help to manage your symptoms and regain control of your life While some specific foods or (8) have been shown to have a beneficial effect (9) mood, it's your overall dietary pattern that is most important That means (10) to a healthy diet doesn't have to be an all or nothing proposition You don't have to be perfect and you don't have to completely eliminate foods you enjoy to have a healthy diet and make a difference to the way you think and feel A promote B protect C profound D produce A with B of C about D by A depressed B depression C depressive D depresses A unhealthy B healthy C health D healthily A indent B induce C intake D inhale A strengthen B lower C increase D fall A have already been diagnosed B had already diagnosed C have already been diagnosing D already diagnosed A nutrition B nutritious C nutrients D nutrient A behind B on C between D among 10 A to switching B switched C switches D switching Fun corner You have 20 seconds to answer these questions If I occur : Once in a minute Twice in a moment, But never in a thousand years What am I? A E B The lifespan C Human brain D M Is half of two plus two equal to two or three? A Seven B Five C Three D Four E Six www.sachmoi24h.com