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GEOPET BACHELOR PROGRAM IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING BASIC RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Learning Objectives At the end of this lecture, you should be able to understand the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and some basic analyses/calculations as follows:  PVT Analysis  Special Core Analysis  Well Test Analysis  Production Forecast 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT References L.P.Dake (1978) Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam L.P.Dake (1994) The Practice of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam B.C.Craft & M.Hawkins (1991) Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering,Prentice Hall, New Jersey T Ahmed (2006) Reservoir Engineering Handbook , Gulf Professional Publishing, Oxford 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Outline  Key Concepts in Reservoir Engineering  Fundamentals of Oil & Gas Reservoirs  Quantitative Methods in Reservoir Characterization and Evaluation 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Part I Key Concepts in Reservoir Engineering 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Definition of Reservoir In petroleum industry, reservoir fluids is a mixture of hydrocarbons (oil and/or gas), water and other non-hydrocarbon compounds (such as H2S, CO2, N2, ) 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Definition of Engineering Engineering is the discipline or profession of applying necessary knowledge and utilizing physical resources in order to design and implement systems and processes that realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Definition of Engineering Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying necessary knowledge and utilizing physical resources in order to design and implement systems and processes that realize a desired objective and meet specified criteria 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Necessary Knowledge  Knowledge about oil & gas reservoirs  Reservoir Rock Properties & Behavior during the Production Process  Reservoir Fluid Properties & Behavior during the Production Process  Fluid Flows in Reservoirs 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Necessary Knowledge (cont’d)  Technical & Scientific Knowledge  Quantitative Methods for Reservoir Characterization  Quantitative Methods for Reservoir Evaluation 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 10 Pressure Match: Extracting kh From the expression of dimensionless pressure one defines the pressure match Mp Mp is read as the value of pD matching a specific value of Δp Then 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 166 Skin Match: Extracting S One reads the value of Ms on the matching type curve: Then with CD calculated from its dimensionless expression: 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 167 Agarwal’s Type Curves First introduced by Agarwal et al (1970), a type curve is a graphical representation of the theoretical solution to the flow equation with the following dimensionless groups: PD  kh p 141.2QB tD  0.0002637k t  ct rw rD  r rw   kh  log PD   log( p)  log  141.2QB   0.0002637k  t   log D2   log( t )  log  rD    ct r  5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 168 Type-Curve Methods 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 169 Type-Curve Methods 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 170 Gringarten’s Type Curves Dimensionless groups for Drawdown Tests: PD  kh pdd 141.2QB t D  0.0002951kh  t   CD  C  Dimensionless groups for Buildup Tests: PD  kh pbu 141.2QB te  5/2/2013 t D  0.0002951kh  te   CD  C  t t 1 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 171 Gringarten’s Type Curves For the wellbore storage dominated period, the graph PD vs tD/CD is a unitslope straight line: tD d PD  PD   1 CD  tD   d   CD  5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 172 Gringarten’s Type Curves For the Infinite Acting Radial Flow period, one has:    tD  2s   0.80907  ln CD e  PD  ln    CD    5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT  173 Bourdet’s Pressure Derivative Bourdet et al (1983) defined pressure derivative as: d PD  P   tD   d   CD  ' D 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 174 Bourdet’s Pressure Derivative Method For the wellbore storage dominated period, the graph PD vs tD/CD is a unit-slope straight line:  tD  tD   P   P   CD  CD ' D ' D yWS  x 5/2/2013  tD  ; yWS  P   CD  tD x CD ' D Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 175 Bourdet’s Pressure Derivative Method For the Infinite Acting Radial Flow period, one has:    tD  2s   0.80907  ln CD e  PD  ln    CD    1 '  tD    P   PD  tD  CD  CD ' D 5/2/2013  y IARF Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT  176 Bourdet’s Pressure Derivative Physical Pressure Derivative (using Finite Difference method): d pdd  p(ti 1 )  p(ti 1 ) p'dd   d t  ti ti 1  ti 1 p(te i1 )  p(te i1 ) d pbu  p'bu   d te  t te i1  te i1 ei 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 177 Exercise 11 Using the reservoir and welltest data to: Param  ct B rw  h Q 5/2/2013 Data Value 0.25 Unit psi 4.2E-06 1.06 bbl/STB ft 0.29 cp 2.5 ft 107 174 bbl/STB hrs 15  Draw p vs te graph in log-log scale  Draw p’ vs te graph in log-log scale  Calculate the wellbore storage factors C and CD Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 178 Exercise 11 (cont’d) t (hrs) 0.00417 0.00833 0.0125 0.01667 0.02083 0.025 0.02917 0.03333 0.0375 0.04583 0.05 0.0583 0.06667 0.075 0.08333 5/2/2013 Pws (psi) 3086.33 3090.57 3093.81 3096.55 3100.03 3103.27 3106.77 3110.01 3113.25 3116.49 3119.48 3122.48 3128.96 3135.92 3141.17 3147.64 t (hrs) Pws (psi) 0.09583 0.10833 0.12083 0.13333 0.14583 0.1625 0.17917 0.19583 0.2125 0.22917 0.25 0.29167 0.33333 0.375 0.41667 0.45833 3161.95 3170.68 3178.39 3187.12 3194.24 3205.96 3216.68 3227.89 3238.37 3249.07 3261.79 3287.21 3310.15 3334.34 3356.27 3374.98 t (hrs) 0.5 0.54167 0.58333 0.625 0.66667 0.70833 0.75 0.8125 0.875 0.9375 1.0625 1.125 1.1875 1.25 1.3125 Pws (psi) 3394.44 3413.9 3433.83 3448.05 3466.26 3481.97 3493.69 3518.63 3537.34 3553.55 3571.75 3586.23 3602.95 3617.41 3631.15 3640.86 t (hrs) 1.375 1.4375 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2.25 2.375 2.5 2.75 3.25 3.5 3.75 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT Pws (psi) 3652.85 3664.32 3673.81 3692.27 3705.52 3719.26 3732.23 3749.71 3757.19 3763.44 3774.65 3785.11 3794.06 3799.8 3809.5 3815.97 179 GEOPET BACHELOR PROGRAM PETROLEUM ENGINEERING The End 5/2/2013 Mai Cao Lân – Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering - HCMUT 180