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KHOA HOC CONG NGHE OAIXJH GlA S U LAI GIONG TU NHIEN GIUA LOAl KHi VAlMG [Macaca mutatta\ VA LOAl KHi OUOI DAl [M fascicu/aris\ DUA VAO CAC DAC DIEM HilMH THAI O KHU VUC TRLIIMG TRUING BO VA TAY NGUYE[.]
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE OAIXJH G lA S U LAI GIONG T U NH IEN G IU A LOAl K H i VAlMG [Macaca mutatta\ V A LOAl K H i OUOI DAl [M fascicu/aris\ D U A VAO CAC DAC DIEM HilMH THAI O K H U VUC TRLIIMG TRUING BO V A TAY NGUYEN CLIA VIET N A M Nguyln Van Minh1 t m t At Loai Khi vang (M acaca m ulatta) va loai Khi duoi dai (M fascicularis) d£u thuoc cung mot nhom loaifasciculrk, thuoc giong M acaca va co chong lap phan bo hep vbi vung hep xuc trai dai ttr 12° den 16°30’ vi Bac, o khu vuc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam Mot vai nghien cuu trade day da bao cao nhieu kha nang qua trinh lai giong da xay giua hai loai a khu vtre Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen, nhien qua trinh lai gidng ttr nhien cua chung vln chtra dupe nghien cuu mot each chi tiet, it nhat ve mat hinh thai hoc Be kiem tra vd cac dac diem hinh thai, dieu tra vd su phan bo, chieu dai duoi tuong doi va cac dac diem vd mau sac bo long cua cac ca the moi trucmg ttr nhien va cac ca the dang bi nuoi nhot lam canh vung tiep xuc da duoc tien hanh ttr nam 2015 den nam 2017 thong qua phtrong phap phong van va luong biing phuong phap chup anh-Photogrammetry Chieu dai duoi tuemg doi binh quan cua nhom “Khi vang” lan luqt la 67,3% a dao Cu Lao Cham va 66,5% a Khu Bao ton Thien nhien Son Tra Chidu dai duoi tuong doi binh quan cua nhom gan giong vdi Khi vang va nhom gan gidng vdi Khi duoi dai lan luot la 68,3% va 100,9% Chidu dai du6i tuong doi binh quan cua ca nhom a khu vuc nghien cuu deu cho thay dang trung gian so vdi loai Khi vang thuan chung (36,5% - 44,2%) va loai Khi duoi dai thuan chung (111,2% 118,4%) Mau s ic bo I6ng cua cac ca the thuoc nhom gan gidng vdi Khi vang va nhom gan gidng voi Khi duoi dai cung thd hien kieu mau sdc trung gian giua cac loai Khi vang thuan chung va Khi duoi dai thuan chung Nhung ket qua da phan anh qua trinh pha tron gien da xay giua loai Khi vang va loai Khi duoi dai cr khu vuc nghien cuu Ttr khda: Sir la i giong, K h i vang, K h i duoi dai, chieu dai dudi tirong doi, m au s ic bo long 1.DAT VAN fli Khu vtre Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam nam khoang tir 11°24’ den 17° vT Bdc va ttr 106°30’ den 108°42’ kinh Bong Day la khu vuc co nhieu loai rung nguyen sinh va thu sinh chay doc theo vung Trung Truong Son va Nam Truong Son voi nhieu day nui cao nhu Bach Ma (1.440 m), Ba Na (1.460 m), Ngoc Linh (800-2.800 m), Mo Nong (800-1.000 m), Lam Vien (1.500 m) va Di Linh (900-1.000 m) Vi co tinh da dang cao ve moi truong song, it nhat 14 loai thu Linh trucmg da duoc ghi nhan d khu vuc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen gom cac loai nhu Khi vang (Macaca m ulatta), Khi duoi dai {M fascicularis), Khi duoi Ion (M leonina), Khi mat (M aertoides), Khi moc (M assam ensis), Vooc cha va chan nau (Pygathrix nem aeus), Vooc cha va chan xam (P cinerea), Vooc cha va chan den (P nigripes), Vooc bac Trung bo {Trachypithecus margarita), Vuon den ma trang Nam {Nomascus siki), Vuon den ma Bac (TV annam ensis), Vuon den ma Nam (TV gebriellae), Cu li nho (N ycticebus pygmaeus) va Cu li ldn (TV bengalensis) (Can va cs, 2008; Thinh va cs, 2010; Nguydn Van Minh va Tran Thi Thuy Hang, 2016; Nguydn Van Minh, 2018) Loai Khi vang (M m ulatta) va loai Khi duoi dai (M fascicularis) deu (huge cung mot nhom loaifascicularis, thuoc giong Macaca (Fooden, 1997) O khu vtre cMu A loai Khi vang co xu huemg phan bo cr cac vung phia Bac, loai Khi duoi dai co xu hudng phan bo d cac vung phia Bong Nam cua chau A (Fooden, 2000) O Viet Nam hai loai da duoc xac dinh co chong lap phan b6 hep voi vung tiep xuc trai dai ttr 12° den 16°30’ vi Bac thuoc khu vuc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam (Minh va cs, 2012) Mot vai nghien cuu trude day da bao 1Truong Dai hoc Nong Lam, Bai hoc Hue 94 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY - THANG 9/2018 KHOA HQC CONG N G H l cao ve mot so dac diem hinh thai cua loai Khi vang a khu vuc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam va cho thay xu hudng dutii cua chung dai hon (Fooden, 2000; Hamada va cs, 2008; Minh va cs, 2012) Vi vay, cac bao cao nhan dinh nhieu kha nang loai Khi vang co lai vdi loai Khi duoi dai d khu vtrc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam (Fooden, 2000; Hamada va cs, 2008; Minh va cs, 2012) Tuy nhidn, nhung thong tin chi tilt ve dac diem hinh thai cua cac quan the Khi d khu vuc de khing dinh sir lai giong ttr nhien giua loai Khi vang va loai Khi duoi dai thi vin chua dtrqc nghien cuu Do do, viec nghien cuu va bo sung cac thong tin khoa hoc v l su lai giong giua loai Khi vang va loai Khi duoi dai dua vao cac dac diem hinh thai se hd trq cho cac nha chuyen mon va cac nha quan ly xay dung cac k l hoach quan ly va bao ton cac loai d khu vuc nghien cuu Muc tieu cua nghien cuu nham kilm tra su lai giong tu nhien giua loai Khi vang va Khi duoi dai dua vao cac dac diem hinh thai cua chung d khu vuc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam VAT UEU VA PHU0NG PHAP NGWEN CUU 2.1 Khu vuc nghidn cuu Cac du lidu ve dac diem hinh thai cua loai Khi vang, cac ca the gan giong voi Khi vang hoac Khi duoi dai duqc thu thap d cac tinh thuoc khu vuc Trung Trung bo va Tay Nguydn cua Vidt Nam gom Quang Tri, Thira Thien - Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Kon Turn, Gia Lai, Dak Lik, Lam Ddng va Dak Nong 2.2 Phuong phap nghidn cuu - Phirong phap phong van: Tong so 280 ngudi gom cac can bo cac vudn quoc gia, khu bao ton, nguoi dan dia phuong am hieu ve rung, thq san khu vuc nghidn cuu da duqc lua chon de phong van Muc dich cua vide phong van nham thu thap cac thong tin ve tinh da dang cua cac loai linh trudng, phan bo, cac lan bat gap hoac nhin thay gan day, su da dang cua cac quan the linh trudng, su thay doi cua cac quan the va ly thay doi d khu vuc nghidn cuu - Phirong phap thu th$p dir lieu cac dac diem hinh that Ve dac diem hinh thai, giua loai Khi vang thuan chung (nhom An Do va nhom Trung Quoc) va loai Khi duoi dai thuan chung (Nhom Thai Lan va nhom ban dao Indochina) la rat dd phan biet, dac biet la dua vao chieu dai duoi va mau sdc long d phan dui thuoc chi sau (Hamada va cs, 2016) Nghidn cuu trade day cho thay chieu dai duoi tuong doi (chieu dai duoi tuong doi = chieu dai duoi/chieu dai than] x 100%) d loai Vang la ngan (36,5% - 44,2%), chieu dai duoi tuong doi d loai Khi duoi dai la rat dai (tir 85% den 118%) (Hamada va cs, 2016) Ngoai ra, d loai Khi vang thuan chung mau sac long d phan dui co mau vang rat noi bat, mau sac long d phan lung co mau xam tro va vi vay mau sac bd ldng cua loai duqc xem la kieu ludng phan (khac biet trade va sau) (Hamada va cs, 2016) Nguqc lai, d loai Khi duoi dai thuan chung mau sac ldng d phan dui cua chi sau va phan lung deu co mau xam tro va vi vay mau sac bo ldng cua loai khong co dang ludng phan (Hamada va cs, 2016) Do do, nghien cuu da dua vao chi tieu chieu dai duoi tuong ddi va mau sac bo ldng de danh gia su sai khac ve mdt hinh thai cua cac ca the duqc thu thap T6ng so du lieu hinh anh ve cac dac diem hinh thai cua 95 ca the Khi da duqc thu thap ttr nam 2015 den nam 2017 d cac tinh thude khu vuc Trung Trung bd va Tay Nguyen cua Viet Nam g6m Quang Tri, Thtra Thien - Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Kon Turn, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Lam Dong va Dak Nong Trong dd, 38 ca the gin giong voi loai Khi vang va gan giong voi loai Khi duoi dai tradng duqc nuoi nhot lam canh cac cong dong dia phuong da duqc thu thap d cac tinh neu tren Qua phong vin, tat ca cac ca the dang duqc nuoi nhot ddu duqc san bat gan cac thdn, ban cua ngudi sd huu Dua vao chi tieu chieu dai duoi tuong doi va mau sic bo ldng, tac gia da phan chia cac ca the Khi duqc nuoi nhot lam nhom: nhom gan giong voi loai Khi vang va nhom gan giong vdi loai Khi dudi dai Neu chieu dai dudi tuong doi ldn hon 85% va mau sic bo ldng khong co dang ludng phan, thi cac ca the duqc xep vao nhom gan giong vdi Khi dudi dai Nguqc lai, neu chieu dai dudi tuong doi