ii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LE HOAI LY CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOL DISTRIBUTION IN SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL USING MODIS DATA AROUND HANOI BACHELOR THESIS Study mode Ful[.]
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LE HOAI LY CHARACTERISTICS OF AEROSOL DISTRIBUTION IN SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL USING MODIS DATA AROUND HANOI BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental science and management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Batch : K46-N01 Thai Nguyen, September 2018 ii DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name LE HOAI LY Student ID DTN 1454290019 Thesis title Characteristics of aerosol distribution in spatial and temporal using MODIS data around Hanoi Assoc Prof Tang-Huang Lin Supervisor(s) Assoc Prof Dam Xuan Van iii Abstract: Satellite observation have been proved to impart information about air quality The column aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from satellite data is a cost effective way to monitor and study aerosols distribution and effects over a long time period Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) AOD product is well suited for such study due to its revisit cycle of 1-2 days as a result a close estimate of AOD is made for a given region throughout the year In this study, ten years (2009-2018) of AOD observations from the MODIS over areas around HANOI city have been analyzed for atmospheric aerosol loading and particulate matter in air quality assessments on surface level The results showed that the spatial distribution of aerosol was largely affected by topography local economic activities and operation of factories and industrial zones Heavy aerosol loading and increasing tendency in AOD were observed in QUẢNG NINH, HẢI PHỊNG, HẢI DƯƠNG, THÁI BÌNH cities (in Area 4) and HÀ NỘI city (in area 1), while a reverse tendency was revealed in the other regions The spatial distribution of aerosol Angstrom wavelength exponent was predominantly related to vegetation coverage in this areas Airborne dust from ground is an important source of coarse mode aerosols Moreover, the overall AOD changes in areas showed a downward trend during the past 10 years, suggesting that environmental remediation measures have achieved initial improvements The trend of seasonal changes indicated that the AOD values were highest in the springtime, and slightly higher in the wintertime, which are significantly higher than the summer and the autumn seasons For the temporal variation, the maximum of AOD values during certain periods gradually increase from 2009 to 2013, and the maximum of AOD values during certain periods gradually decrease from 2014 to 2018 and types of pollutants Keywords Aerosol, AOD, Aerosol types, MODIS, Spatial and temporal distribution, Air quality Number of pages: 42 Date of submission: September 20, 2018 Supervisor signature iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Professor Tang-Huang Lin took time out to hear, guide, help me complete my report during the time of conducting the research at Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research (CSRSR) of National Central University (NCU) I aslo would like to send my sincere thanks to the teachers of the TN University Agr & Forestry, especially my teacher, Associate Professor Doctor Dam Xuan Van, transmited knowledge in the years of study The knowledge acquired during the learning process is not only the foundation for me to the research process but also the way to get into life With limited knowledge, in the practice and perfecting this thesis, I can not avoid mistakes, I hope to receive comments from teachers! In the end, I wish teachers good health, success in cause and life! Thai Nguyen, December 2018 v Table of Contents PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s questions 1.3 Limitations 1.4 The requirement PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Aerosol 2.1.1 Aerosol and the function of aerosol in the environment 2.1.2 Effect of aerosol on human health 2.2 Aerosol optical depth (AOD) 2.3 MODIS 11 2.4 The role of aerosol types 13 2.5 Using MATLAB and Excel software 14 PART III DATA AND METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 Study area 18 3.2 Dataset and Analyses 20 3.3 Methodology 24 PART IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 28 4.1 Temporal 28 4.1.1 Diurnal: Morning - Terra (MOD) data in MODIS and Afternoon - Aqua (MYD) data in MODIS 28 4.1.3 Annual (10 years 2009-2018) 32 The AOD tends to decrease year by year, demonstrating that people are aware of importance and protection the environmental, although AOD is still high 33 4.2 Spatial (7 areas) 33 4.3 Distribution type of aerosol 38 PART V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESSION 39 5.1 Conclusion 39 5.2 Suggession 40 REFERENCES 41 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The average monthly aerosol amounts around the world based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite 15 Figure 2: The picture of areas around HANOI in the Earth 24 Figure 3: The image of areas around HANOI in MODIS .25 Figure 4: The flowchart of analysis procedure 33 Figure 5: Time series of diurnal mean MODIS AOD averaged in areas over 10 year Vertical bar shows average values Blue and orange line present the values of the morning and afternoon respectively 34 Figure 6: Seasonal mean distribution of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over areas in winter(blue line), spring (oranges line) , summer (gray line), and autumn (yellow line) 35 Figure 7: Distribution of AOD for seasons in 10 years 36 Figure 8: Annual variation of AOD between 2009 and 2018 over areas 38 Figure 9: The mean variation of AOD in 10 years 39 Figure 10: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 39 Figure 11: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 40 Figure 12: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 40 Figure 13: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 41 Figure 14: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 41 Figure 15: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 42 Figure 16: Mean trend in aerosol optical depths on Area in 10 years 42 Figure 17: frequency distribution type of aerosol in each areas 44 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Geographical information 25 Table 2: The average AOD in regions over 10 years .28 Table 3: The AOD average data for seasons in each area .28 Table 4: The AOD average data for seasons in 10 years .29 Table 5: Aerosol type classification from MODIS data 29 Table 6: The frequency distribution of type pollution 30 Table 7: Seasonal in Việt Nam 35 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATION AOD Aerosol Optical Depth MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration AOT Aerosol Optical Thickness DS Dust AP Anthropogenic pollutant BB Biomass Burning ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Nowadays, the problem of air pollution, especially in urban areas, was not only a problem of a country or a area but also became a global problem Recently, the socioeconomic development of countries in the world has had a great impact on the environment which has made the human environment change and become worse In recent years, human has paid much attention to the problem of air pollution: climate change and global warming, ozone depletion and acid rain In HANOI, air pollution is a pressing issue for the urban environment, industry and trade villages Impact of air pollution on human health: Air pollution has a great impact on health When the air environment is polluted, human health is getting deteriorated, the aging process in the body occurs rapidly; The function of respiratory system is declined, causing asthma, bronchitis, cardiovascular disease and reducing the human longevity etc The most sensitive community groups with air pollution are the elderly, pregnant women, children under 14 years of age, people who are sick, workers who work outdoors and so forth Air pollution has a negative impact on human health, especially causing respiratory diseases Especially in the Hanoi capital are facing the problem of heavy air pollution In industrial parks, the roads are polluted at different levels, the concentration of pollutants exceeds the permitted standards making the pollution situation become serious Aerosol, consisting of a variety of tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere Windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, and pollution from factories are all examples of aerosols Depending upon their size, type, and location, aerosols can either cool the surface, or warm it They can help clouds to form, or they can inhibit cloud formation And if inhaled, some aerosols can be harmful to people's health Aerosol may directly impact the earth’s energy budget by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, altering the radiative balance of the earthatmosphere system, and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei, thus modifying the microphysical properties and lifetime of clouds, and hence their radiative characteristics Interactions between aerosols and clouds have become the subject of scientific research because of the importance of clouds in controlling climate (Mahowald and Kiehl,2003) Aerosols show both temporal and spatial variations, which can lead to variations in the optical properties of clouds Atmospheric aerosol particles generally have variable diameters They may be either directly emitted into the atmosphere, or formed by the oxidation of precursor gases, such as certain oxides or volatile organic compounds, where the resulting oxidation products eithernucleate to form new particles or condense on pre-existing ones Particles formed through these two routes are irecteffects of aerosols on cloud parameters and compared modeled results with