cacti. biology and uses

[...]... includes approximately 1,600 species (Gibson and Nobel 1986; Barthlott and Hunt 1993) Cacti occur in the New World from western and southern Canada (Speirs 1982) to southern Patagonia in Chile and Argentina (Kiesling 1988), and the epiphytic genus Rhipsalis has dispersed naturally, undoubtedly by birds, to tropical Africa and Madagascar and across to Sri Lanka and southern India (Thorne 1973; Barthlott... level (Pachycereinae and Stenocereinae of Gibson and Horak 1978; Gibson 1982; Cota and Wallace 1997) Numerous Pachycereeae and Leptocereeae may be characterized as having primarily bat pollination, although insect and hummingbird pollination are found in some taxa Certain arborescent Pachycereeae form extensive woodlands in semiarid habitats throughout Mexico and other places and provide an excellent... Harrisia (incl Eriocereus and Roseocereus) This primarily South American and Caribbean genus has previously been classified in tribe Hylocereeae (Gibson and Nobel 1986; Hunt and Taylor 1986) or in the Leptocereeae or Echinocereeae (Barthlott 1988; Hunt and Taylor 1990; Barthlott and Hunt 1993) Studies of its plastid sequences for the gene rbcL, the trnL–F intergenic spacer, and the rpl16 intron all indicate... to the south along the Andean Cordillera, and another from west to east to establish another center of diversification in eastern Brazil Examples of southerly migrating groups are Maihuenia, Pterocactus, and members of tribes Trichocereeae and Notocacteae Eastward migrants include members of tribes Rhipsalideae and Cereeae, Harrisia, and some Opuntioideae, notably Brasiliopuntia and the caatinga species... W 1983 Biogeography and evolution in neoand paleotropical Rhipsalinae In Dispersal and Distribution (K Kubitzki, ed.) Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, Germany Pp 241–248 Barthlott, W., and S Porembski 1996 Ecology and morphology of Blossfeldia liliputana (Cactaceae): a poikilohydric and almost astomate succulent Botanica Acta 109: 161–166 Barthlott, W., S Porembski, M Kluge, J Hopke, and L Schmidt 1997 Selenicereus... Pachycereeae In Ecological Genetics and Evolution The Cactus-Yeast-Drosophila Model System ( J S F Barker and W T Starmer, eds.) Academic Press, Sydney Pp 3–16 Cronquist, A., and R F Thorne 1994 Nomenclature and taxonomic history In Caryophyllales: Evolution and Systematics (H.-D Behnke and T J Mabry, eds.) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany Pp 5–25 Gibson, A C 1988a The systematics and evolution of subtribe... Myrtillocactus Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 60: 109–116 Dickie, S L 1998 Phylogeny and evolution in the subfamily Opuntioideae (Cactaceae) Master’s Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames Gibson, A C 1988b The systematics and evolution of subtribe Stenocereinae 5 Cina and its relatives Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 60: 283–288 Dickie, S L., and R S Wallace 2001 Phylogeny and evolution in the... druses and a multilayered band of strong collenchymatous cells (Conde 1975; Pimienta-Barrios et al 1993) Because of the druses and its thickness, the hypodermis can affect the penetration of solar radiation to the underlying chlorenchyma and represents a path through which gases must diffuse (Parkhurst 1986; Darling 1989; Pimienta-Barrios et al 1993) Fundamental Tissue The fundamental tissue, cortex and. .. diverse forms and showy flowers Nearly every introductory college biology or ecology textbook contains at least one cactus photograph, used to illustrate plant adaptation to dry habitats Important commercial products are derived from cacti (Nobel 1994, 1998) Cacti have also helped evolutionary biologists and ecologists understand CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) and succulence (Gibson and Nobel gr... J Mabry, H Wyler, and A S Dreiding 1994 Chemical review and evolutionary significance of the betalains In Caryophyllales: Evolution and Systematics (H.-D Behnke and T J Mabry, eds.) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany Pp 247–261 Gibson, A C 1973 Comparative anatomy of secondary xylem in Cactoideae (Cactaceae) Biotropica 5: 29–65 Cornejo, D O., and B B Simpson 1997 Analysis of form and function in North . x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" CACTI CACTI BIOLOGY AND USES Edited by Park S. Nobel UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University. Dubrovsky and Gretchen B. North . 41 4. Environmental Biology Park S. Nobel and Edward G. Bobich . 57 5. Reproductive Biology Eulogio Pimienta-Barrios and Rafael F. del Castillo . 75 6. Population and. the biology of cacti ix PREFACE and their uses. Twelve authors are from Mexico, eleven from the United States, five from Italy, three from Israel, two from Tunisia, and one each from Chile and