introduction to electronics 5th - gates

[...]... number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is called the element’s atomic number Atomic numbers distinguish one element from another Each element also has an atomic weight The atomic weight is the mass of the atom It is determined by the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus Electrons do not contribute to the total mass of the atom; an electron’s mass is only 1/1845 that of a proton and... accompanying CD for interactive presentations and tutorials relating to Chapter 1 Everything, whether natural or man-made, can be broken down into either an element or a compound However, the smallest part of each of these is the atom The atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons The protons and neutrons group together to form the center of the atom called the nucleus The electrons orbit the nucleus... growth is expected to continue annually AUTOMOTIVE MECHANIC There are currently more computers aboard today’s automobile than aboard our first spaceship A typical automobile contains approximately ten to fifteen computers that operate everything from the engine and radio to the driver’s seat As xii a result, automotive mechanics now need a greater knowledge of electronics To be able to distinguish an... as insulators are compared in Figure 1–7 Mica is the best insulator because it has the fewest free electrons in its valence shell A perfect insulator will have atoms with full valence shell This means it cannot gain electrons Halfway between conductors and insulators are semiconductors Semiconductors are neither good conductors nor good insulators but are important because they can be altered to function... compound A molecule is the chemical combination of two or more atoms Examples are water (H2O) and salt (NaCl) MOLECULES ELEMENT 1 ELEMENT 2 ATOM 1 ATOM 1 ATOM 2 ATOM 2 ATOM 1 ATOM 1 ATOM 2 ATOM 2 COMPOUND CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY 1–1 QUESTIONS 1 In what forms can matter be found? 2 What is a substance called that cannot be reduced to a simpler substance by chemical means? 3 What is the smallest... to function as conductors or insulators Silicon and germanium are two semiconductor materials An atom that has the same number of electrons and protons is said to be electrically balanced A balanced atom that receives one or more electrons is no longer balanced It is said to be negatively charged and is called a negative ion A balanced atom that loses one or more electrons is said to be positively charged... whether an atom is a good conductor? 2 What determines whether a material is a conductor, semiconductor, or insulator? 3 Why is it essential to understand the relationship between conductors, semiconductors, and insulators? 4 Explain the difference between current, voltage, and resistance 5 Describe how the resistance of a material is determined 6 Name one standard that can be a resource to you in evaluating... a truly electronic classroom It is a CD-ROM containing tools and instructional resources that enrich your classroom and make your preparation time shorter The elements of e.resource link directly to the text and tie together to provide a unified instructional system With the e.resource, you can spend your time teaching, not preparing to teach (ISBN: 1-4 01 8-8 90 3-4 ) Features contained in the e.resource... plants Ninety percent of electronics technicians work in private industry CAREERS IN ELECTRONICS Becoming an electronics technician requires formal training, which is offered by the military, junior/community colleges, vocational-technical schools, or in-house apprenticeship programs Employment of electronics technicians is expected to increase annually due to an increased de- xv mand for computers,... use plastic-handled tools near an open flame 8 Keep metal rules clear of electrical circuits 9 Disconnect all electrical devices by pulling directly on the plug, never the cord 10 When cutting wire, always cut one wire at a time to avoid damaging the cutting tool POWER TOOLS When using power tools, always observe the following precautions: 1 Only the operator starts or stops a machine When stopping a . Number: 2005037442 ISBN-13: 97 8-1 -4 01 8-8 90 0-5 ISBN-10: 1-4 01 8-8 900-X Delmar Executive Woods 5 Maxwell Drive Clifton Park, NY 12065 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning. opportunities to see theory become practice. (ISBN: 1-4 01 8-8 90 1-8 ) INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE. The Instructor’s Guide contains solutions to end-of-chapter textbook questions and to the lab manual experiments. To assist. ORGANIZATION Due to the rapid growth of electronics, it becomes impossible to cover all of the important topics in a one-year course. Introduction to Electronics pro- vides the instructor with an