Cover Page
About the Book
Title: THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF RUSSIA, Volume III - The Twentieth Century
Contents (with page links)
Illustrations
Maps
Notes on contributors
Acknowledgements
Note on transliteration and dates
Chronology
Abbreviations
Introduction
1 Reading Russia and the Soviet Union in the twentieth century: how the ‘West’ wrote its history of the USSR
The prehistory of Soviet history
Seeing the future work
The ColdWar and professional sovietology
The totalitarian model
The modernisation paradigm
Alternatives
From political science to social history
The first revisionism: 1917
The fate of labour history: from social to cultural
The study of Stalinism: the next revisionism
From above to below, from centre to periphery
Soviet studies in the post-Soviet world
RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION: THE STORY THROUGH TIME
2 Russia’s fin de si`ecle, 1900–1914
3 The First World War, 1914–1918
The outbreak of war
Military campaigns: 1914–16
The martial law regime and its consequences
The nationalisation of the empire
The politics of war
Revolution and the transformation of war
1918, the final year of war: occupation and intervention
4 The Revolutions of 1917–1918
The aspirations of the masses
The politics of war, March to July 1917
The peasant revolution
Political polarisation
The Bolshevik seizure of power
The establishment of Bolshevik dictatorship
5 The Russian civil war, 1917–1922
Overview
The Bolshevik party-state
Revolution and culture
War Communism and Russia’s peasant majority
Workers against Bolsheviks
Conclusion
6 Building a new state and society: NEP, 1921–1928
7 Stalinism, 1928–1940
Industrialisation, collectivisation and class war
The domestic and international contexts
Social dynamics and population movements
Consolidating Stalin’s revolution: the victory of socialism and the retreat to conservatism
Culture and morality in the service of socialism
Nationality under Stalin
Mass repression, police and the militarised state
Conclusion
8 Patriotic War, 1941–1945
9 Stalin and his circle
10 The Khrushchev period, 1953–1964
Personality and history
Biography
Succession struggle
Reforming agriculture
Industry and housing
Culture
The Soviet bloc
East–West relations
Endgame
Overthrow
Legacy
11 The Brezhnev era
The rejection of Khrushchevism
Brezhnev’s social contract
The rise and decline of d´etente
Brezhnevism in decline, 1976–82
12 The Gorbachev era
Launching political reform
The new freedoms
From political reform to systemic transformation
The failure of economic reform
Ending the ColdWar
From pseudo-federation to disintegration
13 The Russian Federation
Dissolving the Soviet Union
The new political system
Launching economic transformation
The consequences of Yeltsin’s reform sequence and strategy
October 1993
Chechnya
Founding elections: 1993–6
The August 1998 financial crisis
Renewed political polarisation
Invading Chechnya again
The end of Yeltsin’s Russia and the beginning of Putin’s Russia
Conclusion
RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION: THEMES AND TRENDS
14 Economic and demographic change: Russia’s age of economic extremes
Great leaps forward (i): late tsarist industrialisation
The radical privatisation impulse (i): pre-1917 experiments with land reform
The reform impulse in Russian economic history (i): New Economic Policy
Great leaps forward (ii): the Five-Year Plans and collectivisation
Great leaps forward (iii)
The reform impulse in Russian economic history (ii): perestroika
The radical privatisation impulse (ii): post-1991 experiments and consequences
Conclusions and assessment
15 Transforming peasants in the twentieth century: Dilemmas of Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet development
Labour, communes, households
Breaking the peasant commune (i): Stolypin’s ‘wager on the strong’
War and revolution, 1914–17
War Communism, 1918–20
NEP, 1921–8
Breaking the peasant communes (ii): forced collectivisation and the liquidation of the kulaks as a class
The SecondWorldWar and its aftermath
Post-Stalin: the question of reform
The Brezhnev era: stagnation, or deepening contradiction?
Perestroika and the further transformation of Russian rural life
Post-Soviet rural life: prospects and dilemmas
16 Workers and industrialisation
17 Women and the state
On the eve
War and revolution
The Bolsheviks seize power
Revolution comes to the countryside
A great retreat?
The SecondWorldWar and its aftermath
De-Stalinising the ‘woman question’
Gorbachev and after
18 Non-Russians in the Soviet Union and after
19 The western republics: Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Baltics
Nation-building in the age of revolution
States and nations in the era of mass politics
Between Eastern Europe and the Russian core
20 Science, technology and modernity
Before the revolution (1901–17)
The Bolshevik revolution and its aftermath, 1917–29
The great break and the emergence of Stalinist science, 1929–41
The SecondWorldWar and the post-war years, 1941–53
De-Stalinisation and science 1953–68
Disenchantment, 1968–91
Science in post-Soviet Russia, 1991–2000
Conclusion
21 Culture, 1900–1945
22 The politics of culture, 1945–2000
23 Comintern and Soviet foreign policy, 1919–1941
The October Revolution
Standing alone
The awakening of the East
Revolutionary phrase versus cautious pragmatism
Fear of France eclipses the real danger
Salvation too late
The Popular Front against Fascism
The anti-Japanese front
The Popular Front collapses, 1939
24 Moscow’s foreign policy, 1945–2000: identities, institutions and interests
Post-war ambiguity, 1945–7
Stalinism’s two camps at home and abroad, 1947–53
Difference at home: allies abroad, 1953–6
Cold peace at home: cold war abroad, 1957–85
Social Democracy at home: normal Great Power abroad, 1985–91
Between Europe and the United States, 1992–2000
Conclusion
25 The Soviet Union and the road to communism
Marxism and the class narrative
Revolutionary Social Democracy: ‘The merger of socialism and the worker movement’
Russian Social Democracy
The class narrative in a time of troubles
‘Who-whom’ and the transformation of the countryside
From path to treadmill: the next sixty years
Bibliography
Index (with page links)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Plates