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  • Cover Page

  • About the Book

  • Title: THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF RUSSIA, Volume III - The Twentieth Century

  • Contents (with page links)

    • part i RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION: THE STORY THROUGH TIME

    • part ii RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION: THEMES AND TRENDS

  • Illustrations

  • Maps

  • Notes on contributors

  • Acknowledgements

  • Note on transliteration and dates

  • Chronology

  • Abbreviations

  • Introduction

  • 1 Reading Russia and the Soviet Union in the twentieth century: how the ‘West’ wrote its history of the USSR

    • The prehistory of Soviet history

    • Seeing the future work

    • The ColdWar and professional sovietology

    • The totalitarian model

    • The modernisation paradigm

    • Alternatives

    • From political science to social history

    • The first revisionism: 1917

    • The fate of labour history: from social to cultural

    • The study of Stalinism: the next revisionism

    • From above to below, from centre to periphery

    • Soviet studies in the post-Soviet world

  • RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION: THE STORY THROUGH TIME

  • 2 Russia’s fin de si`ecle, 1900–1914

    • History as event

    • The political ideology of autocracy

    • Intellectuals and ideologies of dissent

    • In the public sphere

    • Sacred stories

    • Proletarians

    • In the countryside

    • Nation and empire

    • Fin de si`ecle

  • 3 The First World War, 1914–1918

    • The outbreak of war

    • Military campaigns: 1914–16

    • The martial law regime and its consequences

    • The nationalisation of the empire

    • The politics of war

    • Revolution and the transformation of war

    • 1918, the final year of war: occupation and intervention

  • 4 The Revolutions of 1917–1918

    • The aspirations of the masses

    • The politics of war, March to July 1917

    • The peasant revolution

    • Political polarisation

    • The Bolshevik seizure of power

    • The establishment of Bolshevik dictatorship

  • 5 The Russian civil war, 1917–1922

    • Overview

    • The Bolshevik party-state

    • Revolution and culture

    • War Communism and Russia’s peasant majority

    • Workers against Bolsheviks

    • Conclusion

  • 6 Building a new state and society: NEP, 1921–1928

  • 7 Stalinism, 1928–1940

    • Industrialisation, collectivisation and class war

    • The domestic and international contexts

    • Social dynamics and population movements

    • Consolidating Stalin’s revolution: the victory of socialism and the retreat to conservatism

    • Culture and morality in the service of socialism

    • Nationality under Stalin

    • Mass repression, police and the militarised state

    • Conclusion

  • 8 Patriotic War, 1941–1945

    • The road to war

    • The eastern front

    • On the edge of collapse

    • Unexpected resilience

    • The Red Army in defeat and victory

    • Government and politics

  • 9 Stalin and his circle

    • Rise of the Stalinist faction

    • From oligarchy to dictatorship

    • War years

    • Post-war dictatorship

    • Last years

    • Conclusion

  • 10 The Khrushchev period, 1953–1964

    • Personality and history

    • Biography

    • Succession struggle

    • Reforming agriculture

    • Industry and housing

    • Culture

    • The Soviet bloc

    • East–West relations

    • Endgame

    • Overthrow

    • Legacy

  • 11 The Brezhnev era

    • The rejection of Khrushchevism

    • Brezhnev’s social contract

    • The rise and decline of d´etente

    • Brezhnevism in decline, 1976–82

  • 12 The Gorbachev era

    • Launching political reform

    • The new freedoms

    • From political reform to systemic transformation

    • The failure of economic reform

    • Ending the ColdWar

    • From pseudo-federation to disintegration

  • 13 The Russian Federation

    • Dissolving the Soviet Union

    • The new political system

    • Launching economic transformation

    • The consequences of Yeltsin’s reform sequence and strategy

    • October 1993

    • Chechnya

    • Founding elections: 1993–6

    • The August 1998 financial crisis

    • Renewed political polarisation

    • Invading Chechnya again

    • The end of Yeltsin’s Russia and the beginning of Putin’s Russia

    • Conclusion

  • RUSSIA AND THE SOVIET UNION: THEMES AND TRENDS

  • 14 Economic and demographic change: Russia’s age of economic extremes

    • Great leaps forward (i): late tsarist industrialisation

    • The radical privatisation impulse (i): pre-1917 experiments with land reform

    • The reform impulse in Russian economic history (i): New Economic Policy

    • Great leaps forward (ii): the Five-Year Plans and collectivisation

    • Great leaps forward (iii)

    • The reform impulse in Russian economic history (ii): perestroika

    • The radical privatisation impulse (ii): post-1991 experiments and consequences

    • Conclusions and assessment

  • 15 Transforming peasants in the twentieth century: Dilemmas of Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet development

    • Labour, communes, households

    • Breaking the peasant commune (i): Stolypin’s ‘wager on the strong’

    • War and revolution, 1914–17

    • War Communism, 1918–20

    • NEP, 1921–8

    • Breaking the peasant communes (ii): forced collectivisation and the liquidation of the kulaks as a class

    • The SecondWorldWar and its aftermath

    • Post-Stalin: the question of reform

    • The Brezhnev era: stagnation, or deepening contradiction?

    • Perestroika and the further transformation of Russian rural life

    • Post-Soviet rural life: prospects and dilemmas

  • 16 Workers and industrialisation

    • Peasants into workers

    • Labour discipline and productivity

    • Enterprise paternalism

    • The end of the Soviet working class

  • 17 Women and the state

    • On the eve

    • War and revolution

    • The Bolsheviks seize power

    • Revolution comes to the countryside

    • A great retreat?

    • The SecondWorldWar and its aftermath

    • De-Stalinising the ‘woman question’

    • Gorbachev and after

  • 18 Non-Russians in the Soviet Union and after

  • 19 The western republics: Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova and the Baltics

    • Nation-building in the age of revolution

    • States and nations in the era of mass politics

    • Between Eastern Europe and the Russian core

  • 20 Science, technology and modernity

    • Before the revolution (1901–17)

    • The Bolshevik revolution and its aftermath, 1917–29

    • The great break and the emergence of Stalinist science, 1929–41

    • The SecondWorldWar and the post-war years, 1941–53

    • De-Stalinisation and science 1953–68

    • Disenchantment, 1968–91

    • Science in post-Soviet Russia, 1991–2000

    • Conclusion

  • 21 Culture, 1900–1945

    • Conclusion

  • 22 The politics of culture, 1945–2000

    • Paralysis, 1945–53

    • The Thaw, 1953–67(?)

    • Stagnation, 1967–85

    • Glasnost’ and the post-Soviet decade, 1985–2000

    • In lieu of a conclusion

  • 23 Comintern and Soviet foreign policy, 1919–1941

    • The October Revolution

    • Standing alone

    • The awakening of the East

    • Revolutionary phrase versus cautious pragmatism

    • Fear of France eclipses the real danger

    • Salvation too late

    • The Popular Front against Fascism

    • The anti-Japanese front

    • The Popular Front collapses, 1939

  • 24 Moscow’s foreign policy, 1945–2000: identities, institutions and interests

    • Post-war ambiguity, 1945–7

    • Stalinism’s two camps at home and abroad, 1947–53

    • Difference at home: allies abroad, 1953–6

    • Cold peace at home: cold war abroad, 1957–85

    • Social Democracy at home: normal Great Power abroad, 1985–91

    • Between Europe and the United States, 1992–2000

    • Conclusion

  • 25 The Soviet Union and the road to communism

    • Marxism and the class narrative

    • Revolutionary Social Democracy: ‘The merger of socialism and the worker movement’

    • Russian Social Democracy

    • The class narrative in a time of troubles

    • ‘Who-whom’ and the transformation of the countryside

    • From path to treadmill: the next sixty years

  • Bibliography

  • Index (with page links)

    • A

    • B

    • C

    • D

    • E

    • F

    • G

    • H

    • I

    • J

    • K

    • L

    • M

    • N

    • O

    • P

    • R

    • S

    • T

    • U

    • V

    • W

    • X

    • Y

    • Z

  • Plates

Nội dung

[...]... variety of interpretations so that they may sort through the various controversies of the Soviet past The volume is not simply a history of the ethnically Russian part of the country but rather of the two great multinational states – tsarist and Soviet – as well as the post-Soviet republics Although inevitably the bulk of the narrative will deal with Russians, the conviction of the editor is that the history. .. and the editor of Contemporary Russian Politics: A Reader (2001) Ba r ba r a A l pe r n E n g e l is Professor of History at the University of Colorado and the author of Between Fields and the City: Women, Work, and Family in Russia, 1 861 –1 91 4 (1995) and A History of Russia s Women: 1 700–2000 (2003) P et e r Gat r e l l is Professor of History at the University of Manchester and the author of The. .. and the Sacred in Russia, 1 91 0–1 925 (2002) Rona l d G r i g o r S u n y is Charles Tilly Collegiate Professor of Social and Political History at the University of Michigan, and Emeritus Professor of Political Science and History at the University of Chicago and the author of The Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union (1993) and The Soviet Experiment: Russia, ... Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 Notes on contributors J e r e m y R S m i t h is Lecturer in Twentieth Century Russian History at the University of Birmingham and the author of The Bolsheviks and the National Question, 1 91 7–1 923 (1999) and editor of Beyond the Limits: The Concept of Space in Russian History and Culture (1999) S A S m i t h is Professor of History at the University of Essex... self-construction of the modern ‘West’ – remains one of deep contestation The prehistory of Soviet history ‘At the beginning of [the twentieth century] ’, wrote Christopher Lasch in his study of American liberals and the Russian Revolution, people in the West took it as a matter of course that they lived in a civilization surpassing any which history had been able to record They assumed that their own particular... that the Bolsheviks ‘believe in the international Soviet of the Russian and Polish Jews’.12 Baron N Wrangel opened his account of the Bolshevik revolution with the words The sons of Israel had carried out their mission; and Germany’s agents, having become the representatives of Russia, signed peace with their patron at Brest-Litovsk’.13 8 Walter Laqueur, The Fate of the Revolution: Interpretations of. .. will deal with Russians, the conviction of the editor is that the history of Russia would be incomplete without the accompanying and contributing histories of the non-Russian peoples of the empire Among the unifying themes of the volume are: the tensions between nations and empire in the evolution of the Russian and Soviet states; the oscillation between reform and revolution, usually from above but at... societies For others the Soviet Union promised an alternative to the degradations of capitalism and the fraudulent claims of bourgeois democracy, represented the bulwark of Enlightenment values against the menace of Fascism, and preserved the last best hope of colonised peoples In the Western academy the Soviet Union was most often imagined to be an aberration in the normal course of modern history, an... only was tsarist Russia a relatively poor and over-extended member of the great states of the continent, but the new Soviet state was born in the midst of the most ferocious and wasteful war that humankind had fought up to that time A new level of acceptable violence marked Europe in the years of the First World War Having seized power in the capital city, the new socialist rulers of Russia fought fiercely... nineteenth -century travellers and scholars, like the Marquis de Custine, Baron August von Haxthausen, Donald Mackenzie Wallace, Alfred Rambaud, Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu and George Kennan, the best-selling author of Siberia and the Exile System.2 France offered the most professional academic study of Russia, and the influential Leroy-Beaulieu’s eloquent descriptions of the patience, submissiveness, lack of individuality . cultural history ofthe trials and triumphs of Russia and the Soviet Union during the twen- tieth century. It encompasses not only the ethnically Russian part of the country but also the non-Russian. class="bi x0 y0 w0 h1" alt="" Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008 the cambridge history of RUSSIA The third volume of the Cambridge History of Russia provides an authoritative. volume III continues the story through to the end of the twentieth century. At the core of all three volumes are the Russians, the lands which they have inhabited and the polities that ruled them

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