Green Energy CourseRenewable Energy Systems Biên sọan: Nguyễn Hữu Phúc Khoa Điện- Điện Tử- Đại Học Bách Khoa TPHCM Introduction: Smart Grid project Aug, 2010 Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD (TEPSCO) Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD Contents Overview of Smart Grid 1.1 Overview 1.2 Current activity of oversea countries Introduction of Smart Grid Components 2.1 Distribution Automation system (DAS) including Auto Meter Reading (AMR) 2.2 Distribution loss reduction by DAS and AMR 2.3 Peak Cut by Demand Response (DR) 2.4 Solar Power as renewable energy 3 Proposal for next step Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD Overview of Smart Grid Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD Overview of Smart Grid Explanatory notes: Transmission line Distribution line Communication line for Transmission Communication line for Distribution SCADA Pumped-storage Wind Power (large scale) Nuclear Power Transmission network Thermal Power Solar Power (large scale) Hydro Power Network Connection of Renewable Energy Substation Battery Wind Power (small scale) Distribution office Distribution Automatic System (DAS) Power Conditioner Solar Distribution Network Solar Battery Battery by EV Automatic LBS AMR for Apartment building Monitoring of Voltage Smart Meter Auto Meter Reading (AMR) AMR for house Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD 1.1 Overview Definition of Smart Grid Electric Power network that utilizes two-way communication and control technologies, distributed computing and associated sensors, including equipment installed on the premises of network users* * including power generation companies and consumers Note: Smart grid are intended to increase the quality of the electricity supply by providing functions such as: -Network automation -Power quality management -Distributed generation management -Demand response -Smart metering -Preventive maintenance -Outage Management -Energy storage management Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD 1.1 Overview Effects and advantages by smart grid projects • • • Effective Power supply → Reduce construction of Power Generators - improvement of distribution losses by DAS and AMR - peak-cut by DR - Application of renewable energy (Solar, Wind, Fuel cell etc) Improvement of reliability for Distribution network - reduction of outage duration by DAS Up-grading of ICT technology for Local engineers Problem by connecting renewable power to Distribution network: -Balance between supply and demand under weather condition -Rising voltage on end of Distribution network -Dangerous maintenance works by connection renewable power Energy management by using communication network of DAS and AMR In future, this communication network can be useful for HA (Home Automation and Electric Vehicle (EV) as battery Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD 1.1 Overview Project components for Smart Grid Smart Grid consists of the following Technologies / Components Experience High technology of Japan Development (Completion) DAS ◎ ◎ ◎ AMR (Auto Meter Reading) ◎ ○ ○ DR (Demand Response) ○ ○ ○ Renewable energy（Solar、 Wind、Fuel Cell etc） ○ ○ ○ Battery（Lithium-ion、 ） △ ◎ △ HA △ ○ △ EV (as battery) △ ○ △ Projects Communication network of DAS can be used for backbone network of smart grid Communication network of AMR can be used for last one-mile network of smart grid Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD 1.1 Overview Concept of DAS < Concept of DAS > DAS Control Centre OH equipment RTU Fiber Optic Substation Fiber Optic UG equipment (Kiosk/Distributor) Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD 1.1 Overview Concept of AMR < Concept of AMR > 2nd side of DT PT ZigBee Control center for AMR (DAS) 10 CT WHM Back bone network Communication network of DAS (Fiber Optic) Copyright © Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., LTD Smart Meter Customer ZigBee for last one mile communication Load Survey System with Wide Area Network Load Data information is gathered through communication network for Electricity control High Voltage T-NCU Night time discount plan LSM T-NCU Analog line Analog-line LSM Low Voltage Electric Power Company Wireless PHS-Terminal Base Station Digital-line LSM pay-as-you-go plan Wireless IT-NCU Digital-line Digital-line LSM pay-as-you-go plan Data Collector Automated Analysis Intra-Network Wireless Terminal LSM refrigerator TV Power Line Communication A.C Over 30k terminals shipped Load Survey System of Home Appliances Survey for individual load/equipment in a house ・Electric energy measured for individual outlet ・Wireless communication / PLC be utilized Data Current Transformer Sensor Power & PLC Unit exclusive line Electric cocking heater WHM Analog Line Measuring Unit Wireless Water Heater 電話機 Communicator Measuring Unit Current Transformer Sensor Floor Heating Power & PLC unit Distribution Automation System (DAS) Purpose of Distribution Automation System Characteristics of distribution grid •Widespread and complexly connected, thus difficult to acknowledge the emergency situation •Natural disaster and operational mistakes are major causes of the fault •Failure and fault directly influence on the customers outage natural disaster mistake of operation contact with object breakdown of equipment others 12% 19% DAS is effective as the countermeasure 46% 8% 15% Fig.1 Cause of outage without DAS DAS can be effective over 70% of the outages 1968: 400min /customer 2000: 13min /customer Fig.2 Reduction of outage time Reduction of outage time Problem: Long outage time causes income decrease and negative effects to industrial economy Fault recovery operation Utility’s personnel tries to detect the fault section, then restores manually : It takes a long time and human resources Primary Distribution Substation Section1 Section2 Section3 Section4 Loop Point (Normal Open) FCB DAS FDIR function Direct access Fault Remote control with FDIR function of DAS DAS is effective especially for recovery from multiple faults caused by large disaster such as typhoon FDIR: Fault Detection, Isolation and recovery DAS equipment and system Example for Overhead Feeder PVS : Pole-mounted Vacuum Switch CB : Circuit Breaker RTU : Remote Terminal Unit TCM : Tele-Control Master Unit TCR : Tele-Control Remote Unit Substation Utility office Computer system (CPU) CB CB TCM TCM PVS PVS PVS RTU RTU RTU TCR Substation equipment CB PVS DAS Control Center • Distribution network displayed on real time • CB and PVS controlled from monitor operation • Real-time monitoring - CB status/ relay operation - measurement of current & voltage • Remote control of CB TCM/TCR RTU Measure Features of DAS Graphical display of network Main Functions • Display distribution network diagram linked in map • Change colors when the network status change occurs • Remote control operation on map • Display detailed equipment information on window • Map functions like zooming and panning Measure Features of DAS RealReal-time monitoring and onon-line control Substation CB • RealReal-time monitoring - CB status/ operated relays - measurement of current and voltage • control of CB PVS PVS Open / Close control and monitoring PVS Feeder line OCR DG RTU TCR RTU RTU Communication line TCM • RealReal-time Status of distribution network can be displayed • CB and PVS can be remotely controlled by the Central machine Utility Office Measure Features of DAS Automatic Restoration FCB Normal condition A a LBS b B LBS C c LBS LBS d D E First trip 15s 60s First reclose 15s 7s First reclose SW-B auto-close 15s 7s 7s First reclose SW-C auto-close 15s 7s 7s Second trip due to fault of section c SW-A and SW-C are locked Second reclose SW-B auto-close Automatic power supply from another feeder SW-E auto-close Locked 15s 7s Locked 7s 60s LBS F Automated Meter Reading (AMR) Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR) Telephone Line / PLC / Optical Fiber / Wireless ( Radio Frequency ) etc Communication Network Watt-hour Meter Power company etc Key Features Water Meter ■Meter Reading ■Remote disconnect ■Notification of usage etc Terminal-Network Control Unit Gas Meter *We will develop and construct the systems according to the customer’s requirements Components for AMR Watt hour Meter (for dealing) Watt Watt hour Meter (for dealing) Watt Electromechanical type Electromechanical Multi function ElectronicMulti Electronic-type Water Meter AMR Automatic Meter Reading Box AMR Gas Meter AMR Handheld Unit with RF Future Technology of Meter Instrument AMI/Smart Grid System Function of System Total Energy Management including all components Distribution Automation Sensor Network System Smart Meter AMR System Home Energy Management PLC System ZigBee AMR/AMI Stand Alone Standard Low - end Smart Home TOU (Time of Use) Middle Function of Meter High - end Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a broader concept than AMR AMI includes home display, Meter Data Management System (MDMS) in addition to AMR AMI can provide Demand Response (DR) Solution Transmission lines (Optical fiber cable, PLC, wireless and others) Wireless Meter Data Management System (MDMS) Remote metering of data measured by the smart meter Real time data collection, management and analysis Smart Meter Home Display Measures instantaneous values including power consumption, voltage, current, frequency and other data and sends values to the meter data management system and home displays Displays electric energy used, electric energy sold, CO2 emissions and other data measured by the smart meter Demand Response (DR) solution Operation Center of AMI & DR Demand Response (DR) can provide means to shed electrical load in the consumer’s house Operation Server DB DR Server LAN Air Conditioner Non-essential load The Internet Electrical load shedding command DR Terminal 入 PC Incentive notification Display Copyright © TOSHIBA CORPORATION 2009 All rights reserved Home Gateway ... －Section2 －Section3 －Section4 180 1,000kW× 178 /60=2, 970 kWh 1,000kW× 178 /60=2, 970 kWh 1,000kW× 60/60=1,000kWh 1,000kW× 175 /60=2,920kWh Total 9,860kWh 0. 07 US$×9,860kWh×20time×200feeder×20year= 55.2... First reclose 15s 7s First reclose SW-B auto-close 15s 7s 7s First reclose SW-C auto-close 15s 7s 7s Second trip due to fault of section c SW-A and SW-C are locked Second reclose... Services Co., LTD 1.1 Overview Project components for Smart Grid Smart Grid consists of the following Technologies / Components Experience High technology of Japan Development (Completion) DAS ◎