Vietnamese Writting System

Vietnamese writing systems Group 8 1. Nguyễn Thị Quế Hương 2. Phạm Thị Mỹ Loan 3. Trần Thị Như Thơ 4. Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Huyền 5. Trần Thùy Tiên 6. Phạm Thị Thanh Trang Instructor: Mr Lê Minh Hà Vietnamese writing system: where from and how I. Where did Vietnamese writing systems come from? 1. Switching the national writng system from Chinese characters (Hương) 2. Inventions about alphabet’s system of Jesuit missionaries (Loan) II. How was Vietnamese writing system developed? 1. Chu Viet Co (Thơ) 2. Chu Han (Thơ) 3. Chu Nom (Huyền) 4. Chu Quoc Ngu (Trang) III.Summary (Tiên) I. Where did Vietnamese writing system come from? -Vietnamese writing system, which was developed, based on: • Chinese characters ( Hán Nho) • The invention of alphabetic system of Jesuit missionaries 1. Chinese characters - Vietnam was colonized around 200 B.C – about 12 centuries - Chinese character was used in writing while Vietnamese unwritten - Chinese character had a massive influence on Vietnamese language and literature - A huge proportion of the modern vocabulary has its origins in Chinese Ex: Bình ngô đại cáo ( chữ hán:平吳大誥) - 1788-1802: The Tay Son Dynasty, under Nguyen Hue, Quang Trung - They had switched the national writing system from Han Nho ( Chinese character) to the more Vietnamese writing system of Nom (Vietnamese character)Nom character 2. Inventions about alphabet system of Jesuit missionaries - At the beginning of the seventeen century, Jesuit missionaries devised an alphabet system for Vietnamese. - Alaxan de Rhoses (born at Avignon in 1591, died at ispahan,Persia, in 1660) who spent six years in Vietnam(1624-1630) for his catholic missions, had done to introduce a system of Roman writing into Vietnamese language. Continuing the efforts of Portuguese Jesuit missionaries like Francisco de Pina, Gaspar d’Amaral, Antonio Barbosa,etc. Alaxan de Rhoses published the first Vietnamese catechist and the first Vietnamese-latin-Portuguese dictionary (Rome, 1651). This writing is called “quốc ngữ”(national language) - Jesuit missionaries used signs of Greece to present rhythm and “quốc ngữ” was affected by Portuguese writing: consonant sound (gi, ch, x, nh);vowel sound(â, ê, ô) - Vietnamese gradually adopted, partly under pressure from the French colonial government. - Today, the system devised by Jesuit is only one in use for Vietnamese. II. How was Vietnamese writing system developed ? 1. Chu Viet Co (chu Khoa Dau, chu Vua Hùng) According to Ha Van Tan, Le Trong Khanh, Buu Cam,and Đo Quang Vinh professor confimed: under Hung King, writing system is the same as tadpole shape In january 2013, Do van Xuyen researcher pulished a book that the title is “ cuộc hành trình đi tìm chữ Việt cổ” That is a result after many years he tried to find. Although noone hasn’t agreed, this is a good sign in a dream that finding out ancient writing. For example: Hich Khoi Nghia was translated by him. However, Chu viet co was lost after Hai Ba Trung’s uprising was failed. 2. Chu Han For much of Vietnam's history the official written language was Classical Chinese, using, of course, Chinese characters. For example: Since 1st AD: Chu Han was used in record and communication with China From 7th to 11th century: Chu Han was used more widely in Viet Nam (communication, trade, and economic exchanges with China) After 10th century: Viet Nam was independence. Chu Han was still used. ( examination, literature ) Nguyen Tieu and Hich tuong si was written by Chu Han. Chieu doi do and Dai Viet Su luoc was also written by chu Han Even now, Vietnamese still borrows many words which belonged to Chinese writing system. Examples: The word sơn meaning 'mountain' was written 山 (modern Chinese shān). The word hỏa meaning 'fire' was written 火 (modern Chinese huǒ). The word vị meaning 'flavour' was written 味 (modern Chinese wèi). NOTES: The King, mandarins, intellectuals,…used Chu Han in communication, literature,… Vietnamese people used vietnamese language to communicate together.(mon- kmer, mường…) 3. Nom character Definition :Nôm character is the ancient ideographic vernacular script of the Vietnamese language. The ideographic is a form of writing in which a written symbol represents an object rather than a word or speech sound. Vernacular is the same meaning with either native or indigenous. There are some features of nom character: • Nom character was the system developed to write Vietnamese. • The actual date is not agreed but nom character was already in existence by the mid-13th century. • Nom character had used the mixture of standard Chinese characters and new character invented specifically for Vietnamese pronunciation. • Nom character was not the completely new system of writing. • It is more complex and unwieldy than its origin. • Nom character contained two elements: one gives the meaning and another hints at the Vietnamese pronunciation. How to create nom character : People had used 3 methods to create Nom character: • Combinition between a meaning element and a sound element. Native Vietnamese Word Chu Nom Characte r Chineses Component s Function Núi 'mountain' 山 內 Meaning ('mountain') Sound (nèi in modern Mandarin) lửa 'fire' 火 呂 Meaning ('fire') Sound (lǚ in modern Mandarin) lạ 'strange' 羅 奇 Sound (luó in modern MandarinMeanin g ('strange') [...]... acceptable Vietnamese form: frein 'brake‘ phanh Film phim café 'coffee‘ cà phê carotte 'carrot‘ cà rốt • Modern borrowings: 'guitar' written ghi ta, ghi-ta, ghita, or guitar 'video' may be written vi-đe-ô, vi-đi-ô, or video III Sumary Vietnamese writing systems:  Spending a long time to establish and improve  Developing based on 3 elements:  Han character  Nom character  Alphabet’ system  1 Han... French colonial government as a means of breaking the grip of Chinese culture and fostering Western ways of thinking • Quoc ngu is based on a system devised by Alexander de Rhodes • Modern Vietnamese is written with the Latin alphabet, known as quoc ngu (quốc ngữ) in Vietnamese Quoc ngu consists of 29 letters These are:  The 26 letters of the English alphabet minus f, j, w, and z  Seven modified letters... was still used after independence 2 Nôm character: It was more complicated and based on Han character to develope It presented the traditional Vietnamese s culture 3 Quoc ngu: it was shown by some missionaries at 17 centuries and it became the vietnamese writing system 4 Especially: Nowaday, new writing seem to be popular: the young use the most this new writing For example: nhìu chiện : nhiều chuyện... mood, state, etc o A Vietnamese word is structured with four parts: initial, core, final and tone: For example: Tâm (t: initial part, â: core, m: final part) -> this word has no tone Mình (m: initial part, i: core, nh: final part) -> this word has low falling tone The final part can be one of the eight finals: -c, -ch, -m, -n, -ng, -nh, -p, -t or none • Loan word: long tradition Vietnamese of transforming... Hoalaom chian " is considered the first characters of Quoc ngu • According to Christofora Borri, it means “Con nhỏ muốn vào trong lòng Hoa Lang chăng” Some conventions of Christofora Borri in recording Vietnamese: + “gn” replaces for “nh”, “b” replaces for “v”, “tl” replaces for “tr”, “m” replaces for “ng”, “sc” replaces for “x”,… + At that time, tones were not completed Some modified letters were placed...• Combination of two meanings: Native Vietnamese Word trời 'sky, heaven' • Nom Chinese Function characte components r Meaning 天 ('heaven')Mea 上 ning ('above') Modification of existing character chosen for its sound: Native Nom Chinese Function . Trang Instructor: Mr Lê Minh Hà Vietnamese writing system: where from and how I. Where did Vietnamese writing systems come from? 1. Switching the national writng system from Chinese characters. (Tiên) I. Where did Vietnamese writing system come from? -Vietnamese writing system, which was developed, based on: • Chinese characters ( Hán Nho) • The invention of alphabetic system of Jesuit. the national writing system from Han Nho ( Chinese character) to the more Vietnamese writing system of Nom (Vietnamese character)Nom character 2. Inventions about alphabet system of Jesuit missionaries -