How ecotourism impact on the environment in Pu Luong natural protected zone BACHELOR PAPER I Progress report [ ] Final Paper 1 [ ] submitted at the IMC Fachhochschule Krems (University of Applied Scie[.]
How ecotourism impact on the environment in Pu Luong natural protected zone BACHELOR PAPER I Progress report [ ] Final Paper [ ] submitted at the IMC Fachhochschule Krems (University of Applied Sciences) Bachelor Program “Tourism and Leisure Management” BY Nguyen Minh Tri Specialization: Hospitality and Tourism Management Supervisor: Dr Nguyen Duc Hoa Cuong, MSc.TM, MBA Submitted on: 20/10/2020 Abstract Nguyen Minh Tri (2017), IMC Fachhochschule Krems Our national environment are witnessed to be being destructed dramatically, particularly to the natural resources Ecotourism is playing an important role on local economies in natural protected zones (NPZ), so the protection and conservation is so vital that community and all participants have been raised their awareness and actions as well We have many evidences that the ecotourism activities have been expanding at a rapid rate in recent decades (Vietnam National Administration of Tourism Report 2013-2015) There are both the positive and negative ecological impacts from ecotours when this rapid growth rate continues This study aims at highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of natural protected zones in term of environmental impacts This research proves to be vital because Eco tour industry is booming at Pu luong natural protected zone, so we need a working framework of what ecotourism principles in order to ensure sustainability People’s new knowledge to understand of ecological impacts and factors will minimize these impacts on Pu Luong In order to limit negative impacts, Management of ecotourism must be subtainable Key words: Ecotourism impacts on Pu Luong Natural protected zone Table of Contents I Introduction 1.1 Background situation, content of the research 1.2 Research problem 1.3 Research design 1.4 Research methods 1.5 Chapter outline II Literature Review 2.1 Definition of ecotourism 2.2 Positive effects 2.2.1 Impacts on the natural tourism environment 2.2.2 Impacts on the human tourism environment 2.3 Negative effects 2.3.1 To natural environment 2.3.2 Human tourism environment 2.3.3 Socio-economic environment 2.4 The influence of review on environment protection (ecotourism sustainability) I Introduction 1.1 Background situation, content of the research Some essays have shown that ecotourism has grown rapidly over the past twenty years in Vietnam and this trend will continue to grow But ecotourism are working at the traditional forms of land use contribution that are often destructive to the environment, such as: agriculture deduction, deforestation, soil and water pollutions Ecotourism has been considered as the best choice to develop their economy in many provinces in recent years Vietnam has many potentials and strengths to develop eco-tourism Vietnam is home to live for 21,000 plant species, nearly 12,000 animal species, many species listed in the Red Book of the world In 2015, Vietnam has 31 national parks; 64 natural zones under conservation and 55 landscape protected areas Vietnam is ranked 16th for the diversity of biological resources (according to WCMC); one of the 10 richest biodiversity centers in the world and one of the countries prioritized for global conservation; Vietnam has been recognized by UNESCO as 10 world biosphere reserves; Vietnam has Ramsars sites of the World (see Reference) Local people are lacking their understanding that NPZ will be possible to generate more and income but they forget preserving one’s natural resources Ecotourism will provide economic benefits while they learn how to conserve land, forest and environment That is why we have to focus on the balance between income generation and protection of natural resources when we boost up more ecotourism destinations For the recent generations, local people have been learned one clear goal: make money and a lot of it This has created numerous environmental problems 1.2 Research problem Statement of the objectives and its rationales: This research will show us how important ecotourism and which factors impact on the environment from that we can see why consumers to operator management start to interest with Pu Luong Natural Protected Zone There is a lack of accounting for these problems: More efforts need preserving Pu Luong NPZ, and raising local people awareness about environment protection in long-term, when people want to make more money from ecotourism The influx of international and local tourists to Pu Luong NPZ have a vast impact on the nature and environment: damaging ecosystems, plants, and people’s life there In order to keep sustainability of ecotourism, Pu Luong NPZ need a clear plan and strategy to get subtainable so the thesis will focus on interviewing people being involved ecotourism at Pu Luong We need assessing the problems and strengths of ecotourism at Pu Luong NPZ This thesis will use some in-depth interview data, internet survey as well as personal observations For more successful ecotourism local people is required to balance their interests, so stainable management of ecotourism destination will be carried out Particularly, All efforts of conserving regulations will be run by management bodies, the number of tourists allowed to visit Pu Luong will be controlled, and generally maximizing profit while minimizing ecological impacts 1.3 Research design The research will show in this thesis has been analyzed that Vietnam is one of the best spots for ecotourism This research is certificate is have the meaning as Vietnam is the first style in ecotourism and thus provides us with a training course on ecotourism's most valuable principles Those knowledge will allow an understanding of ecological impacts and mitigation factors To limit the negative effect, we must improve the management of eco tourism The impacts of tourism on eco-destinations can be divided into two categories: direct and indirect impacts While tourists have a direct impact, building tourism infrastructure has a direct impact Direct tourism effects to the environment can be classified as follows: Impacts on land Impacts on water resources Impacts on hygiene Impacts on landscape Impacts on cultural environment 1.4 Research methods Using both of qualitative and quantitative method Interview directors tour operators and, owners of eco-resort Site inspection on some ecotourism in Vietnam Review on application (Vietnam Tourism Administration, Projects on ecotourism, etc.) The thesis will use both quantitative and quantitative research as a tool to collect and analyze data is collected, and to obtain large amounts of information about a large number of given or observed The quantitative method is a methodological exploration, for example using surveys on the internet, etc It seeks measurement and accurate analysis on target concepts The aim of the research project Which ecotourism offices are trusted for consumer and why? Which factors of ecotourism that influence the environment? Professional opinions about how ecotourism will impact environment and recommendations? The interview method is also suitable to get more specific and useful information to analyze and solve the problems However, How to collect the data: Zoning and approaching the most typical eco-tourism mountainous areas to ask for help to complete the research Survey local real situation of Pu Luong NPZ for effective information collection strategy The interview designing is divided into three parts: The first part about personal information of customers (profile of interviewees) The second part asked about the challenging and impact (Which factors will threat?) The last part asks about their recommendations and solutions, limitations 1.5 Chapter outline - Chapter 1: Introduction will provide research purpose and the reason why choose this topic - Chapter 2: Literature review provides context, demonstrates knowledge of current theory, definitions, terminology, also provide a rationale of the research Literature review, provide introduction about ecotourism impact on the environment in natural protected zones The theoretical framework also presents in this chapter as well as hypotheses based on the research questions - Chapter 3: Methodology will give information about research methods, goals and questions, research design, data collection from available sources - Chapter 4: Findings & Results details all the results of your study, the results present without interpretation inference or evaluation - Chapter 5: Discussions are in-depth exploration of the results which show and go into details about the meaning of findings and citing relevant sources to put them in the thesis - Chapter 6: Recommendations, and conclusions will consist conclusions, recommendations, limitations, and for potential follow up studies - Chapter 7: Appendix - Chapter 8: References II Literature Review Tourism growth in Vietnam is considered the fastest growing sector in the service sector, and ecological tourism is the latest trend Vietnam has taken the lead in the ecological tourism race, with the largest economic revenue coming from tourism and continued growth According to the General Department of Tourism: The number of visitors in the first quarter of 2020 increased (decreased by 19 services) compared to 2019 Data from the General Department of Tourism reported 449,923 visitors, equivalent to 81.9% of tourists by 2020 In 2019, there were 18 million tourists to Vietnam Tourism is the largest industry in the world and it has an increasing impact on protected areas Unfortunately, the growth of the tourism industry in Vietnam can be a risk to regions throughout the country 2.1 Definition of ecotourism In this thesis, ecotourism is defined to be “the purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the culture and natural history of the environment; taking care not to change the situation of the ecosystem; producing economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial to local people” This means to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem functions or strike a balance between economics and ecosystem protection According to The Internatonal Ecotourism Society (The Internatonal Ecotourism Society), "Ecotourism is responsible tourism with natural areas as an environment that protects and improves benefits for local people" 2.2 Positive effects 2.2.1 Impacts on the natural tourism environment - Clearly, tourism activities put a good effect on the proper businesses but they are subjected to optimally protect tourism resources and environment, and actively conserve Pu Luong Natural Protected Zone Boosting tourist destinations on any projects will take account for landscapes, culture and environment conservation through ecotourism - In order to keep the landscape as it is, all tourism development areas or any projects that often require the creation of gardens, landscape parks, lakes, and artificial waterfalls 2.2.2 Impacts on the human tourism environment Cultural development and exchange: Guests will understand more about the culture of Pu Luong, and learn more about the music, arts, traditional dishes and languages as well To create a new image, foreigners get to know more about the community in the country they travel Tourism can promote the preservation and exchange of cultural and historical traditions, contribute to the conservation and sustainable management of resources, protect local heritages, and keep traditional handicrafts Tourism also creates the ability to effectively support the preservation of historical and archaeological sites Tourism creates jobs positively affects social stability, such as: reduction of youth migration to other places by creating potential jobs, raising local people's income by providing services and agriculture products for tourists In addition, tourism improves the professional level of people Tourism booming can develop a number of new careers related to tourism services 2.3 Negative effects 2.3.1 To natural environment Construction water sources, rocky soil, dredging materials, especially mangrove areas are cut down to build the harbor, reducing water quality and increasing the amount of deposition The organism is destroyed, dirt is produced by dredging Soil contaminated with sewage The clearance, leveling for construction, and road making can cause erosion, landslides, directly affect the quality of surface water Waste, sewage poured indiscriminately into the water source as well as discharged a quantity of gasoline during the operation of construction equipment The long-term impact of operation and maintenance of tourist facilities The waste is a landslide, drift will increase the content of sludge, allerm so the water quality is poorer Water pollution due to various causes such as untreated waste into water, oil, hydrocarbon waste caused by vehicles (cars, buses, buses ) Tourism activities are also the cause of water pollution such as: littering (when crossing roads ) contaminated water sources, many harmful to health, pouring liquids (hydrocarbons when swimming, motorbike ), oil spills create oil spills leading to severe intoxication, poor water quality The transfer of land use purposes leads to ecological imbalances, changes in the landscape, accelerating erosion Other activities: crowded traffic, too many tourists, degrading air quality, reducing the value of tourism Air resources Although considered a "smokeless industry", ecological tourism can cause air pollution due to emissions of motorcycles, cars, passenger cars, and trucks, especially in key traffic clues and axes, harming trees, wildlife, and limestone and concrete constructions Dust and air pollutants appear mainly due to transportation, production, and energy use activities The increase in the use of motor vehicles is a significant cause of smog and environmental pollution The noise arising from the increased use of motor vehicles such as trucks, motorbikes as well as tourist activities in tourist destinations, creating immediate and long-term implications Land resources Ecological tourism involves the construction of infrastructure, hotels, and tourism services This inevitably led to the encroachment of areas formerly known as natural landscapes, farming areas, and livestock Activities to develop ecological tourism often reduce the area of agricultural land Tracking and distracting tours from tourists in nature reserve areas have had a negative impact on the conservation of rare species that need protection Forbidden forests and primeval forests are particularly degraded due to a large number of tourists Activities such as moving cars, stepping on the grass, picking fruit indiscriminately, chopping trees indiscriminately have lost many species of plants and plants At wildlife sanctuaries, the activities of convoys and tourists also negatively impact the environment, losing weaknesses, and becoming frightened of creatures, even many animals die from human accidents 2.3.2 Human tourism environment The impact of tourism on cultural and social aspects is difficult to because most of them are in that: The world of tourism to social culture is expressed in change Value system, personal status, family relationship, collective lifestyle, ethical behavior, traditional rituals and community organization Most of them 10 are indirect effects Ecological tourism causes many changes in social ethics and the level of crime In Vietnam, robbery and begging in tourist centers and places are often higher than elsewhere, prostitution tends to increase The traditional culture of the NPZ can be ruined or deprated Culture degrades in both scale and speed Damage the cultural system, causing changes in sexual practice Intensifying the conflict between the new and preserving the traditions and customs of older generations Society becomes more complicated 2.3.3 Socio-economic environment Economic: The development of tourism by the management side or the number of tourists will cause an imbalance between supply and demand That affects the prices Spending money from tourists could be the cause of high inflation About society: Change consumption trends: Change the way of consumption, enjoyment, gambling, prostitution, drugs, robbery and common crime Commercialization of traditional cultural and social activities Increasing social conflicts, increasing conflicting conflicts between groups of different interests Police have to take more measures The increasing concentration of tourists at the same time or place will overload the beaches and motels, and congested roads significantly impair the quality of life 2.4 The influence of review on environment protection (ecotourism sustainability) Although positive and negative reviews of impacts on environment can affect the actions from the lodge owners and local governments Some researches have shown that they are improving and keeping environment for ecotourism such as in Pu Luong Village, Thanh Hoa province which has the most significant effect on perceptions and usefulness But negative impacts may be more important than positive feedback – a result that parallels studies in other fields of ecotourism in Sapa, Mai Chau 11 Reviews have changed the way to protect environment or keep ecotourism sustainably Firstly, we have to issue a codes of regulations or guidelines for tourists, tour operators & tourist guides, lodge owners, managers of Pu Luong Natural protected areas However, recommendations have been made aimed at promoting the development of ecological tourism commensurate with the available potential, meeting the needs of visitors, benefiting local people, contributing to environmental and natural protection conservation Then we can raise awareness about environment protection from local people and travelers as well In this way, Vietnam can promote a safe and sound destination and create more opportunities for full potential and hidden charm of travel We also reduce the complaints from customers 12 References Problems for Ecotourism development in Vietnam http://itdr.org.vn/nhung-van-de-dat-ra-trong-phat-trien-du-lich-sinh-thai-o-viet-nam/ Statistics on hotels & resorts http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/statistic/touristAccommodation Projects on development of responsible ecotourism with environment and society (1) http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/esrt/default.aspx-portalid=1&tabid=352&itemid=511.htm Projects on development of responsible ecotourism with environment and society (2) http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/esrt/default.aspx-portalid=1&tabid=344&itemid=894.htm Statistics from VNAT http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/statistic/receipts Challenges for ecotourism development in Vietnam http://itdr.org.vn/nhung-van-de-dat-ra-trong-phat-trien-du-lich-sinh-thai-o-viet-nam/ How badly Sapa degrade? https://vtc.vn/nguoi-ta-da-ho-hoi-pha-tan-nat-sapa-ra-sao-ar513188.html Waste collection has been improved by community unit https://thoibaokinhdoanh.vn/kinh-doanh-xanh/mai-chau-chuyen-bien-trong-cong-tacve-sinh-moi-truong-nho-htx-1059319.html Coal mine threat to Quang Ninh https://vietnamnews.vn/environment/274366/coal-mine-threat-to-quang-ninh.html Identifying and quantifying the threats to biodiversity in the U Minh peat swamp forests of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/identifying-and-quantifying-thethreats-to-biodiversity-in-the-u-minh-peat-swamp-forests-of-the-mekong-deltavietnam/473B7CAF49A37B1465CBC77A4D2943AF/core-reader http://asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn/default.aspx?ZID1=14&ID8=79127&ID1=2 https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi? article=3998&context=isp_collection&fbclid=IwAR3gGHD-W4YPWj_7lFxRdgtzNLI3SoWO5Tnz0-doo1Pygs9zxcMMDnCI6M 13 ... 1. 1 Background situation, content of the research 1. 2 Research problem 1. 3 Research design 1. 4 Research methods 1. 5 Chapter outline... increased (decreased by 19 services) compared to 2 019 Data from the General Department of Tourism reported 449,923 visitors, equivalent to 81. 9% of tourists by 2020 In 2 019 , there were 18 million tourists... https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/oryx/article/identifying-and-quantifying-thethreats-to-biodiversity-in-the-u-minh-peat-swamp-forests-of-the-mekong-deltavietnam/473B7CAF49A37B1465CBC77A4D2943AF/core-reader http://asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn/default.aspx?ZID1 =14 &ID8=7 912 7&ID1=2 https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?