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For each sentence, choose the wurd or phrase that means the same as the wordin boldtype.Do not use your dictionary Theboldwordsare newin this unit Keiko has $100, Hefty has $75 Betty has less money than Keiko c not as much a more d a lot of b the same amount of There are hundreds of square kilometers of forest in the Amazon River area There are trees everywhere a lots of trees c lots of water b some trees d some water The company prcftnotedits new product on TV and radio Now the product is very popular a paid for '.c wrote about b lost :d told people about Children start to attend $'choolwhen they are five or six years old a finish b solve c go to d hold on Eskimos hu.nt the polar bear When they find one, they kill it a look for c hurt b study d appear 6: Because o£the deep snow, they made slow progress through the mountains a movement forward c protection b decisions d crops Perhaps many people will have flexible work hours some day I hope so a over b maybe c below d at all The tamp any polluted the river with something poisonous Now we can't drink the water or swim in it a made clean c made private b made useful d made dirty 180 @1 Unit 6: Interesting People of the World We must somehow stop using so much energy, or we will use all of the Earth's petroleUll'L a somebody c nobody b in some place / d in some way 10 When did you arrive at this university? Did you come here in September? c leave a come d hold on b alone 11 Rio de Janeiro is on the east coast of Brazil a land with water around it c land Dear the sea b mountain d lake 12 Java is the name of one island in Indonesia a water with land all around it c country b land with water all around it d mountains 181 Context Clues ~ The Sami of Northern Europe lesson Before You Read Look at the picture Read the sentences Check (v) True, False, or Don't Know True False Don't Know The animal in the picture is a camel D D D The person in the picture is traveling by car D D D There is snow a.ndice where D D he lives 182 G \ Unit 6: Interesting People of the World The Sami of Northern Europe The Sami live in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia There are only about 32,000 of them, and most of them live a modern life on the coast or in the forests Only a few of them live a traditional life These few Sami are called nomads because they move from one place to another with their reindeer Their life is almost the same as it was a thousand years ago In winter, the reindeer dig through the snow to find plants for their food In spring, these plants become very dry, and there are lots of insects Then the Sami move their reindeer to the coast The deer live on the thick grass there until winter When the snow becomes deep, the Sami and their reindeer begin moving slowly back to their winter homes There is less snow there These nomads live in tents because they move so often They make shoes, jackets, and pants of reindeer skin They also wear beautiful blue and red traditional clothes They walk or travel on skis They have sleds, too Reindeer pull the sleds The long trips, often in bad weather, make life very hard for these nomads More and more of them are land next to the sea area with lots of trees not as much skis staying in villages on the coast Sometimes a mother and her children travel by car and meet the father in their winter home I There will probably be no more Sami nomads in the future People want a more comfortable life However, the Sami will probably always wear their traditional clothes on holidays They will teach their children the ~:d sIDries and songs People not want to forget sled - tt-.m traditions Lesson 1: The Sal'rii eff Nortflern Europe ~ 183 Vocabu lar Put the right word in each blank The sentences arefrom the text traditional holidays dig coast forests tents trips skis future sleds nomads less Only a few of them live a life There will probably be no more Sami nomads in the There are only about 32,000 of them, and most of them live a modern life on the or in the ~ These few Sami are called because they move from one place to another with their reindeer S The long for these nomads , often in bad weather, make life very hard , too They have They walk or travel on There is snow there These nomads live in 10 In winter, the reindeer plants for their food because the'~ move so often through the snow to find 11 However, the Sami will probably always wear their traditional on clothes Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in each blank These are new sentencesfor words in the text forests tent nomads trip future holidays traditions dug sleds less ski coast Janet and Tom are going to take a to England next year There are millions of trees Eastern Canada has large In northern cOLmtries,children like to play on their in-winter They also like to The Baker family likes to go camping They sleep in a 184 ~ Unit 6: Interesting People of the World in the Sahara Desert travel with their camels What are your plans for the ? What are you goil1g to when you are older? T,velv€ is S llike9 People who live on the than fifteen because I don't have to go to work often eat a lot of fish is to sing special songs in the morning a hole that was two meters deep lC One of our holiday 11 They-; Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word or phrasein Column B that means the same Write the letter on the line following the,word in Column.A Column A male Column B female a give tP-oJ;leyto b and dull- c land near the sea alone d woman pay e f g h L plus quickly vary9 increase 10 coast b01ing change grow not with anyone man j fast Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer You cannot find it in the text In what countries the Sami live? Do they all move from one place to another? 3- \'\lbat are nomads? -i: How reindeer find their food in winter? ~\ny Sarni nomads move away from the coast in winter? ':.' ~\ny they live in tents? 185 Less~ ~: TheSami of Northern Europe @1 How they travel? What makes life hard for these nomads? *9 Where other nomads live? 10 Why will the Sami teach their children the old songs and stories? *11 Why people want to keep their traditions? *12 Are there roads in northern Scandinavia? Comprehens~on: True/False Write T if the sentence ~strue Write F if ttresentence isfalse The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer You cannot find it in ttre text There are Sami in Russia Only a few Sami are nomads Sami nomads raise sheep Most Sami live in large cities Reindeer find their food on trees Sami nomads spend the summer on the coast *7 Sami nomads probably eat reindeer meat *8 They carry their tents on sleds - Traveling in bad weqther is difficult for the Sami nomads *10 Nomads in other countries probably want to keep their traditions and have a comfortable life, too Main Idea Circlethe number of the main ideaof the text A few Sami live a traditional life, but that life is "difficult Sami nomads move their reindeer every summer and winter The Sami want to keep some of their traditions 186 @j Unit 6: Interesting People of the World The Ainu of Japan lesson Before You Read Look at the picture Read the sentences Check (V) TruE,False, or Don't Know False Don't Know 0 Their clothes are unusual 0 Dancing 0 True The Ainu live in a very cold c1imate is a part of their culture The Ainu of Japan The Ainu live in northern Japan Oh the island of Hokkaido They not look like other Japanese people They have round, dark brown eyes and wavy hair Their skin is not dark but light The men have beards and mustaches Where did these people come from? Did they come from Europe across Russia to Japan? Did they come from Indonesia? Are they completely different from all the othet people in the woNd? Nobody knows the answers to these questions The Ainu are hunters and:fan.ners They eat fish and grow rice and vegetables on their farms The men hunt for brown bears in the forests They eat the meat and sell the skins The bear is also important in their religion The Ainu people make their houses from a kind of grass There is only on~ room inside It has a dirt floor with an open fire in th~ middle Their religion tells them that the house must have one window on the east side The Ainu were on Hokkaido 7,000 years ago In the 1800s, many Japanese people moved north to Hokkaido They brought new diseases to Ainu villages, and many people died The Ainu people also lost much of their fal1ming and hunting land Their children had to attend Japanese schools and speak ~nly Japanese Over time, the Ainu people began to forget their traditions and language In the 1990s, the Ainu demanded their rights In response, the Japanese government made a new law Now the government has to promote Ainu culture and traditions The people can listen to Ainu language lessons on the radio and read a newspaper in the Ainu language They can also take classes to leam Ainu traditions Today there are less than a few hundred thousand Ainu people left Will their language and traditions continue? There is a better chance now that they will 188 ~ land with water all around it not dark 100% curly hair straight hair wavy hair go to make better known The Yanomami of the Amazon The Yanomami people live near the Amazon River in Venezuela and Brazil They live in the tropical forest far away from other people There are now perhaps 27,000 Yanomami in this area Before outsiders first visited I them, they knew nothing about other people in South America, about the government, or about modern life They did not know that they lived in Brazil or Venezuela They lived in their own wbrld The Yanomami are hunters and farmers They hUht over a large area They grow their own crops and medicine in large gardens The Yanomami are also deeply religious For them, the natural world and the spiritual world are one In the 1980s,mihers found gold on Yanomami land ' 11 " Soon th~usandsof miners, l~ggers, and cattl~ far~ers were usmg the land The nOIse from the outsIders people who cut down tr,ees as their job loud sounds machines and airplanes frightened the Yg.nomami The made afraid mining companies polluted the water in the rivers The logger~ cutdown the forest~ The outsiders also brought I 'I new dIseases to the area In Just seven years, 20% of the I Yanomami people died , In 1992, Brazil and Venezuela made the Yanomami landinto a park No one can mine for gold or cut trees on this land The government said that the land was for the Yanomami people, not for the miners and loggers Unfortlmately, it was difficult to keep the miners and loggers out of the Yanomami land In 1993, some gold miners tried to destroy a Yanomami village, and they killed 16 people Today the Yanomami are working to protect their 11 I I land and traditions They have their own school They are reco rding their language and history They also want to study and learn good ways to use their land They not want to live without trees and clean water They say I III I I maybe they want progress, but without destruction 194 tmi made dirty Vocabulary Put the right word in e,achblank Thesentencesarefrom the text perhaps spiritual progress Soon thousands miners noise polluted area died outsiders loggers frightened destroy , and cattle farmers were of miners, using the land For them, the natural world and the world ar€ one a Yanomami In 1993, some gold miners tried to village, and they killed 16 people Before first visited them, they knew nothing about other people in South America the water in their rivers The mining companies They say they want The ~, but without destruction from the outsiders' machines and airplanes the Yanomami In just seven years, 20% of the Yanomami people There are now 27,000 Yanomami in this 10 In the 1980s, foUnd gold on Yanomami land Vocabulary: New Context Put therightword in eachblank Theseare new sentencesfor perhaps spirits progress mining noisy pollution companies words in the text die outsider logging area frighten destroyed dig for metals in the ground Do large animals Can you study in a you? Toomany people each year frQm smoking cigarettes They Air - ~ room? the papers by burning them is becoming a serious problem comparoes cut down trees and sell the wood 195 Lesson 3: The Yanomami of the Amazon @) Th€ Pacific Ocean cOVersa very large in trees and rivers For SOTIlepeople, there are 10 We made a lot ofin class today We completed 20 pages in the book! 11 she is sick I don't khow 12 Forthe first few months in a new city, she felt like an Then she began to make some friends Vocabulary Review Match eachword in Column A with the word orphrasefrom Column B that means the opposite.Write the letter on thelinefollowing the word in Column A Column A Column B terrible a few alive 10 began over wet varied morefuture alone a dry b dead c a lot d less e stopped f together g wonderful h under i the same J past Questions The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer You cannotfind it ili the text *3 *4 Where the Yanomami live? About how many Yanomami are there? Why didn't the Yanomami know about other people? What theYanoIDami eat? *5 Name same changes in the daily lives of these people 196 ~ *9 What What What What is killing the Yanomami? did Brazil and Venezuela for the Yanomami? are the Yanomami doing to help themselves? you think will happen to the Yanomami? Why? Comprehension: True/False/No Information Write T if the sentence is true Write F if the sentence isfalse Write NI if there is no informationabout the sentence in the text The Yanomami live in a tropical forest The Venezuelan and Brazilian governments want to help the Yanomami Today the Yanomami know that they live in what we call South America The Yanomami are nomads 10 The natural world is important to the Yanomami They eat plants and animals The Yanomami tried to help the millers and loggers Outsiders destroyed much of the Yanomami land The Yanomami are afraid of new things Mining companies are opening schools for the Yanomami Main Idea Circle the number of the main ideaof the text The Yanomami The Yanomami know nothing The Yanomami are working to protect their land live in the tropical forest near the Amazon River, but they about other South Americans are very religious ~ 197 The Hopi of Arizona lesson Before You Read Look at the picture Read the sentehces Check (V) True, False, or Don't Know 198 True False Don't Know The Hopi live in the desert 0 Traditions are important to the Hopi D D D The Hopi live ih modern houses D D D tmi r , The Hopi of Arizona The Hopi peopl€ live in the northeast€rn part of Arizona in the United States The United States is a very modern cQuntry Tall buildings! highways, computers! and hundreds of other modern things are a part of eV€iY American's life Somehow, with modern things 'all arounctthem! the Hopi keep their traditions There are about 10,000 Hopi, and they live in twelve villages in the desert The weather is very hot in summer! but in winter it freezes The wind blows hard Farming is difficult Corn is.the Hopfs main food! but they plant vegetables! too They raise sheep, goats! and cattle They also eat hamburgers and ice cream and drink soft drinks They live in traditional stone houses! but many of them have telephones! radios, and television They have horsesl but they also have trocks "Kachinas" are an important part of the Hopi religion Kachinas are spirits of dead peoplel of rocks, plants! and animals! and of the stars Men dress as kachinas and religious dances People also mq.ke wooden kachinas No two wooden kachinas are alike The children attend school and learn English and other subjects They also learn the Hopi language, dances! and stories A few Hopi go to universities Some of the adults live and work iRnearby towns The Hopi want a comfortable! modem life, but they don't want to lose their traditions in some way goes below Doe not alive; stones the same not children; close to truck kachina ~ 199 Vocabulary Put the right word in eachblank.Thesententesarefrom thetext somehow trucks rocks alike blows freezes The wind goats nearby - dead lose adults highways hard They have horses, but they also have No two wooden kachihas are , with modern things all around them, the Hopi keep their traditions people, of Kachinas are spirits of plants, and animals, and of the stars Tall buildings, / computers, and hundreds modern things are a part of every American's life They raise sheep, ,and cattle The weather is very hot in summer, but in winter it Some of the live and work in of other towns 10 The Hopi want a comfortable, modern life, but they don't want to their traditions Vocabularv: New Context Put the right word in eachblank Thesearenew sentencesfor words in the text truck somehow nearby dead comfortable blowing adults freezes rock goats alike highway Young people can understand the words in rap videos Do you and your brother look or very different? Don't be nervous It is only the wind and a horse Today most cowboys have a Some people like to eat meat from President John F Kennedy died in 1963 He is 200 ~~ Water at OQCand changes into ice They are building a new into the city because the old road is too busy He threw a through the window and broke it 10 Children can go on the boat for free, but need to buy a ticket ? My car is almost out of gasQline 11 Is there a gas station Vocabularv Review Put the right word in eachblank Thesentencesarefrom the text deep tent attend trip skiing sle& beard beat right wavy complete piano nomads uncomfortable continues coast They drove to the to go swimming in the ocean No one has the to hurt another person Riding for hours on a motorcycle is David's parents took a to South America last year The Mississippi River' is v~rY in some places inCeritral Asia take their sheep into the mountains ill summer Are you planning to The story on some television programs week to the next the dance next Saturday? from one Ruth and Ann are going camping in the mountains They have a to sleep in 10 Oscar didn't have time to - his composition before the bell rang blond hair and a short 11 Howard has in Switzerland in the winter? 12 Did you ever go - r @j 201 Questions Theasterisk(*) meanscyolJhave to thinkof the ansWer.You cannotfind it in the text 10 Where the Hopi live? What things are a part of every Americah's life? What is the weather like in the Hopi villages? What is the Hopi's main food? What kind of meat they eat? Do they eat food that other Americans eat? What is modern about some of their homes? What is traditional? Where the children learn English? What are kachinas? Why the Hopi teach their children the Hopi language, dances, and stories? *11 Are Hopi children more like Sami or Ainu children? Why? Comprehensio:n:Multiple Choice Put a circle around the letter of the best answer The asterisk (*) means you have to think of the answer You cannot find it in the text The Hopi live in the state of - a Utah b New Mexico c Arizona d New York The Hopi a want modern things instead of traditional ones b want traditional things instead of modern ones c don't want to remember their traditions d want both modern and traditional Winters in this part of Arizona are a hot b warm things c cool d cold The main Hopi food is a corn b hamburgers *5 A truck is useful for people a in a city apartment b on a farm 202 @j c beef d vegetables c in New York City d near an airport *6 The Hopi probably eat a insects b polar bears Kachinas are a men b something to eat The Hopi don't want to a lose b burn smnetimes c potato chips and pizza d reindeer meat c animals d spirits their traditions c remember d learn Main Idea Circle the number of the main idea of the text The Hopi raise crops and animals in the Arizona desert Kachinas are spirits of the things around the Hopi The Hopi keep their traditions even with mo£iexn lite all arQund them 203 "T"I I I - -' - r @j The Ma'oriof New Zealand lesson Before You Read Look at the picture and the map Read the sentences Check (V") True,False, or Don't Know 204 True False Don't Know New Zealand is an island in the Pacific Ocean 0 New Zealand is a large country D Traditions are important to the Maori D D tmi The Maori ofNew Zealand Polynesians live on islands in the Pacific Oc€an The Maori arePolynesians/ and they live at the southern end of Polynesia in New Zealand The Maori arrived in New Zealand from other Polynesian islands over a thousand years ago They were the first people to live in New Zealand , In the fate 18th century/ Europeans came to live in New Zealand At that time, there were perhaps 250/000 Maoriin New Zealand Over the next 100 years, wars and disease killed many Maori By the end of the 19th century, there were only about 40,000 Maori left During the 19th century, the Maori also lost much of their land to the Euro= peans Mq.ny Maori were afraid that they might lose their traditions and language, too But this did not h~ppen Today the Maori population is increasing There are about 500,000 Maori in New Zealand Most live like other New Zealanders But they are keeping the Maori ' '-0' came more than number of people living in an are,a language and traditions alive There are now Maori radio and television stations Many schools teach in the Maori language Nearly one half of Maori language speakers are 25 years old or younger Maori culture is also alive and welL At thecenter of Maori culture is the "marae." This is a special place for ceremonies and meetings Today the number of marae in New Zealand is increasing Many of the new marae are in the cities Now people in the cities can meet and learn about their Maori traditions Today most New Zealand cities have yearly Maori festivals Among the festival activities are competitions in speaking/ dancing, and singing Children practice for months Then all the Maori in the area arrive to watch ,every year the competitions and see who wins Today the Maori live a comfortable, modern life However, they are not losing their traditions, because they are passing them On to their children ~ 205 ,,~-,- Vocabulary , Put the right word in each blank The sentences arefrom the text arrived ceremonies culture competitions festivals oveT This is a special place for Over the next 100 yearsj Maori ~" - practice population wars u , wins yearly among and meetings and disease killed many Maori is also alive and well Today the Maori is increasing Today most New Zealand cities have Maori Then all the Maori in the area arrive to watch the competitions and see who7 Children for months The Maori - in New Zealand from other Polynesian islands a thousand years ago In the festival activities 'il.'e speaking, danc~ng, and singing Vocabulary: New Context Put the right word in eachblank Theseare new sentencesfor words in the text arrive competition practice won ceremony festival population yearly cultures over war this week Students from six There is a sports universities are coming What time does your plane in Chicago? The Olympics is not a event It takes place every four years The Ainu arrived in Japan 7jOODyears ago In most when j there is a special people get married 206 ~ What is the Who af New Zealand taday? the faotball game las.tweek? Many people die when there is a If yau want to.became gaod at something, yau need to 10 In my town, there is a big every spring Vocabulary Review Match each word in Column A with the word or phrase in Column B that means the same Write the letter on the line following the word in Column A, ColumnA Column B attend a more than thick b nat dead aver c nat interesting d is the same as yearly alive6 many dull8 equals communicate 10 a&aid e speak f nat thin g frightened h a lat af i go.to J every year Questions The asterisk (*)means you have to think of the answer You ca.nnotfind it in the text Where did the Maari came from? When.did Eurapeans came to.live in NewZealanct? *3 What happened to.the Maari papulatian after the Europeans arrived? Haw many Maari are there in New Zealand taday? *5 Why more yaung peaple than older peaple speak the Maari language? *6 Haw is Maari culture kept alive in the cities? *7 Why are the ffiarae impartant? *8 Why do.the Maari have ye