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Verbs: Past Tense Add -ed to most verbs to make the past tense If the verb ends in e, just add -d raise-raised smell-smelled earn-eamed hate-hated Use the y rules (See page 26.) study-studied play-played Use the 1-1-1 (one-one-one) rule (See page 27.) plan-planned shop-shopped Some verbs are irregular You must memorize the past tense for these verbs Simple Verb come make teach Past Tense came made Simple Verb eat become take taught Past Tense ate became took Simple Verb Past Tense grow grew be I I '\ thJ11k thought was, were Put t/1£past tense of the verb in each sentence (eat) (plan) (take) We This morning Jeff Ms Sanchez (be) the doctor yesterday Paul (carry) (think) mornmg Robert We ltmch at 1:00 yesterday his whole day her daughter to r,' nearly late for class this his baggage into the airport about the problem for a long time last week (come) Alice (teach) Mr Hall in Japan for six years Now he teaches in New York to our party last Saturday 97 Word Study ~ (become) Paula studied at the university for eight years Last year she a doctor (shop) 10 Jim for three hours last night (make) 11 Donna a chocolate cake yesterday (dance) 12 The students for a long time at the party last Friday night Com~arisons We add -er to short adjectives (words with one syllable) to compare two things We also use than We use more than with most longer words (words with three or more syllables) Examples: Sally is more beautiful than Ann Rice is more important than potatoes in China Irregular Forms: good - better Examples: bad - worse far - farther A car is better than a bicycle A bicycle is worse than a car An airplane can go farther than a car Write the correctfO1mof the adjectivewith theword than Example; (interesting) (expensive) (sweet) (good) (thin) (difficult) (small) (intelligent) (wonderful) A car is a motorcycle oranges Sugar is grapefruit Oranges are Paul Bill is French is Spanish A date is an orange Lee Ruth is a trip A trip to the moon is to the supermarket If you are in New York,Dallas is Chicago (far) 98 ~ New York is more interestin@than Chicago Unit 3: Plants Plural Nouns Most of the rules for adding s to nouns are the same as the rules for adding s to verbs baby - babies highway - highways bus-buses lunch-lunches If a noun ends in ff change the f to v and add -es If a noun ends in fe, change the f to v and add -so life-lives Irregular Plurals: leaf-leaves Write the plural of eachnoun lunch roof knife crop 10 seed key leaf sandal 11 family 12 aquarium 13 enemy 14 club day star 15 eyelash 16 library -y Ad~ectives Add -y to some nouns or verbs to make an adjective cloud ~cloudy sun - sunny Use the 1-1-1rule (See page 27.) sun-sunny But: snow-snowy If the noun or verb ends in e, drop the e and add -y shine-shiny ice-icy (See the exercise on the following page.) Word Study , 99 Add -y to eachword Be careful of the spelling Then choosethe right word for eachsentence salt ice snow cloud sun shine juice wind Yesterday was a beautiful day It was The sky is today The weather is bad Oranges are Bananas are not Gold is In winter, there are often Sometimes the streets become In spring, there are blows a lot This food is too days days The wind I can't eat it Writing Usereal infonnation to write your answers Which plant in Unit is the most useful, Why? , in your opinion? Whichplants in Unit canyou find in your country? Which plant in Unit is the most beautiful, in your opinion? Why? 100 , Unit 3: Plants (INNL Before YouWatch Circle Carneroon on this map Discuss these questions with your classmates: a Why are plants important to humans and animals? b Why people cut down forests? Read this helpful information before you watch the video > Bakas-a group of people who live in the rain forests of Cameroon There are about 40,000 Bakas in Cameroon Another name for the Bakas is "Pygmies." Bantus - a large group of people who live in central Africa and speak the same language There are about 15,000,000 Bantus in Cameroon ethnic group - a group of people who share the same culture and language A country may have many different ethnic groups Video Highlights , 101 AsYouWatch Finish this sentence with at least two more reasons The forest is important to the Bakas because the /?eo/?lelove the land - ~ I After You Watch Write T if the sentence is true Write F if the sentence is false Write NI if there is no information about the sentence in the video a The Bakas d6 not know how to live in the forest b The Bakas make poison from plants to kill their enemies c The Bakas use plants from the forest for food and medicine d Most of the people in Carneroon are Bantus Discussion Questions a Who are the enemies of the Bakas? Why? b What happens to the Bakas when they leave the forest? What are the good things? What are the bad things? 102 Unit 3: Plants Unscramble the Words What people use to make these products? Unscramble the words on the left to find out Example: EDTASAMPL Baskets are made from these kinds of trees DATE PALMS ODWO People use this to build houses and boats CREl Brooms, rugs, sandals, and roofs can all be made from parts of this plant AWTRECNIYHTAH People use this to make fertilizer and - feed for animals I Look Around the Room Play this game with a partner Partner A: Look around the room.Make a list of all the things that come from plants Give the list to your partner Partner B: Go and touch each thing on the list, one by one Tell your partner what plant it comes from Write the name of the plant on the list Example: table tree Read your list aloud to your classmates Which pair of partners found the most things? Activity Page , 103 Finding the CorrectSpelling Make asentence using the past tense of each verb Be sure to follow the spelling rules, and watch out for irregular verbs Example: carry The woman carried the food out of the forest in a large basket dance see make SWlffi raise become feed catch Lookl1p each verb in your dictionary~ Make sure that you spelled the past tense of each one correctly Add -y to the nouns and verbs below to make adjectives "\Then you are finished, use" your dictionary to check your work Example: star starry smell grass salt sleep Now try using two of these new adjectives in some sentences of your own Example: 104 ~ It was a beautiful star!:Y l1.1ght Unit 3: Plants