Định tuyến trong mạng cảm biến và so sánh bằng mô phỏng

Del Hnr Th5ng I.nng Al 7776 Tian Ting CHI O'NG TONG QUAN MANG CAM BIEN KEIONG DAY 1.1 G161 thieu Trong nhitng nom gin ctay, rit nhieu mang cam bien khong day da vi dang duqc phit then vi then khai cho nhieu the irng dyng khic nhu: theo d8i sly thay doi cea mei trubng, !chi Mu, giim sit cic met ton van stir, phat hien vi than viec tin ' , sinh hoc vi hoi hoc, chuin doin sly hang hoc cita may mac, thief cong bang hat nhan N, theo diu vi giim sit cic bic sy, benh nhan cling nhu quitn 19 thu6c the benh vien,theo dai vi dieu lchien giao thong, cic phucrng lien xe c0 Han nita vii sty tien be c8ng nghe gin day vi hei ty cea hg thong cic cong nghe nhu Icy thu$t vi dien tu, cong nghe nano, giao flip khong day, cong nghe mach tich hqp, vi mach phin cam hien, xir 19 vi tinh town tin hieu da tao nhang cam hien c6 kich think nhe, da chtic !tang, gii thimh thip, cong suit lieu thy thip, layn tang lchi nang img dyng rOng rai dui mang cam hien khong day MOt mang cam hien !thong day li met mang bao gem nhieu mit cam hien nhe c6 gii thimh thip, vi tieu thy Wing lucmg it, giao dip thong qua the ket n6i !thong day, c6 dua nhiem vy cam hien, doe, tinh win nhiim myc dick thu th$p, tip trung dit lieu the quyet djnh town cyc ve mei trueng ty nhien a Nherng not cam bien nhe bet My bao gom cic thinh Cic 130 vi zit 19 rat nhe, b0 nhe glen han,b0 phin cam bien, be thu phit khong day, nguan nuoi Kich thu6c cua cic cam bien thay dei tir to nhu hap giiy cho den nhe nhu hat byi, thy thuetc vio tang irng ding Khi nghien cuu ye mang cam bien Wag day, met nhUng dic diem quan tong vi then chat de li th&i gian song cea the cam lien hay chinh la sly gi6i han ve nitng luqng cea chting Cic nut cam bien you ciu lieu thy cong suit thip Cic nit cam bien hoot dOng c6 gi6i han vi n6i chung la khong the thay the duqc ngu6n cung cip Do de, mang truyen thong tap trung vio dat duqc cic djch vy chit luqng cao, thl the giao thirc mang cam bien phii tap trung diu lien vio bio town ding suit Mang cam hien c6 met so dic diem sau: + CO 'chi Wing tlr t6 chirc + Yeu ciu ft hoac khong c6 sy can thiep Oa ngu&i + Truyen thong ves tuyen vi truyen da buerc + Trion khai so luqng lan tren pham vi rOng Chuyen de tat nghiep Al777F tai HQr Thing I.nng Tign Time + Nang lugng, b0 nh6, !chi Wing xir ly c6 ham + Cau hlnh thin:mg xuyen thay d8i m8i truirng hoc nut mpg + Quang ba phi= vi hgp va djnh tuyen multihop Cac gi6i han ve mat nitng lugng, cong suit phat, b0 nh6 va cong suit tinh toan Chinh nhfing dac firth da dua nhftng chien luqc mei va nhang yeu ciu thay d6i thiet Ice mpg cam bien 1.2 C.Iu trfic mang cam bign 1.2.1 Cdc yiu to" dnh hurting din cdu trac mom cdm bun Cac ciu trec hien cho mang Internet va man ad hoc khong day lchting dimg duqcho mang cam hien kh8ng day, mOt s6 15 , sau: ➢ S6 lugng cac nut cam bien mang cam hien c6 the ion gip nhieu lin s6 lugng nut mpg ad hoc ➢ Cac nut cam bien bi 16i a ➢ Ciu tic mpg cam bien thay d6i kha thtrimg xuyen ➢ Cac nut cam bien chti yeu sir dtmg truyen thong kieu quang ba, hiu het cac mpg ad hoc diu dtra tren viec truyen diem-diem ➢ Cac nut cam bien bj gi6i han ye riling lugng, Icha riling firth town va b0 nh6 ➢ Cac nut cam hien c6 the khong c6 so nhon long town ciu (globalidentification) (ID) vl chting c6 mOt so luqng len mio dau va mOt so lugng len cac nut cam 'nen Do v$y, ciu tnic !twig moi se: ➢ Ket hop yin de nimg lugng vi !chit Wing (firth tuyen ➢ Tich hop da lieu va giao thirc ➢ Truyen nang lugng hieu qua qua cac phtrong lien khong day ➢ Chia se nhiem vo gran cac nut lan c$n ➢ Cac nut cam lien duqc phen b6 mOt sensor field nhu hinh (1.1) MOi mOt nut cam hien ce khit fling thu dial) der lieu vi dinh tuyen lei den cac sink Chuyen di tot nghiep A17776 Plait lane Thing I.nng Tien Wing I Sink t o Mit dm bitm * SIddin Treeing dm ban Ngizbi skim Hinh Lau Thic ?ming cam biin Dit lieu duqc djnh tuyen 13i den cat sink b?ri met cAu trim da diem nhu hinh ve tren Cac sink c6 the giao tiep van cac nut quitn It nhiem At (task manager node) qua mpg Internet hoac ye tinh Sink 11 met thvc the, tui d6 th8ng tin duqc yeu citu Sink c6 the la thvc the ben tong mpg (la met nth cam bien ) hoac ngoiti ming Thvc the ngoli mpg ce the 11 met thiet bj thvc sv vi dv nhu may tinh zilch tay ma tuong tac vai mpg cam bien, hoac cling don than chi la met gateway ma n6i Arai mang khitc lan hon nhu Internet nai ma cac you cAu thvc sv doi yea cac th8ng tin thy tie met vai nut cam bien mung 1.2.2 Glerri thitu ye wit aim biin: a.Ciu to cda nit slim Min nhw mu: Mai not cam bien ducrc cau thinh bei thinh phAn co ban nhu ar hinh (1 2)• don vj cam bien (a sensing unit), don vi zu ly (a processing unit), don vj truyin dan (a transceiver unit) va be nguOn (a power unit) Ngoiti c6 the c6 them nhUng thilnh phAn khic thy thuOc vio tang ling dung nhu 11 he thong djnh vj (location finding system), bO phat ngu6n (power generator) va bO Oen di dOng (mobilizer) Chuyen de tot nghiep Al 7776 —Phi Tian 'fling nal 14nr Thang i.nng HO thief dinh nj Don si rim biOn rim biOn ADC BO Phan di 4+14 Dorn sit 13; lit it Don vi truyen dan Bothuphit Luti B+ gain Bo phat nmOn Minh 1.2.Cau tgo nut cam bien Cac don vj earn bien (sensing units) bao g6m cam bien va 1,0 chuyen doi tuong tv-s6 Dva tren nhftng hien tuqng quan sit duqc, tin hieu Wang tv Mo bfri sensor duqc chuyin sang tin hieu so beng b0 ADC, sau d6 duqc dua vao b0 xer ly Dan vi xir 1S, thutmg duqc ket hqp v6i b0 luu trft nhe (storage unit), quyet djnh cac thit tuc lam cho cac net ket hqp yeti de thvc hien the nhiem vu djnh sAn Phin thu phat v8 tuyen ket noSi cac nut mang MOt s6 the phin quan tong that ciut mOt nit mang cam lien la bet nguon Cac b0 ngu6n thuerng duqc h6 try boi the be phOn loc nhu la to bao Wing luqng mjtt trai Ngoai cling c6 nhftng thenh phin phu lchic phv thuOc vao tong ling dung Hiu het cac ki °mot djnh tuyen va the nhiem va cam bien cis mang deu yeu cau c6 chinh the cao ye vj tri Cac be phi') di dOng d8i lic can phiti djch chuyen cac nut cam hien can thiet de thvc hien the nhiem vu di An djnh Tit ca nhftng thinh phin thy can phai phft hqp v6i ldch tang module Ngoai kich cdr cac nut cam hien mOt s6 rang buOc nghiem ngat khac, nhu la phai lieu thu rat it Wing lucmg, hops dOng mot dO cao, c6 gia thip, c6 the qr hot dOng, va thich bien v6i sv hien d6i cia mai tnremg Chuyen de tat nghiep Al 7778 -Rid Tan Wing_ Dei 1-hr Thing I.nng b MOt so lopi nut mpg: Hinh 1.3.Ntit "King thuac hp Mica Mote Ho nut inking nom clir an nghien ciru Mkt trutrng dai hoc california tCY co& nem 1990, sir dung vi xir 19 cita Anne!, su dung he ditu hanh TinyOS Giao di kit cim tart Ames nvei Amen da 'in ara SO* Des led Hinh 1.4.Ntit ngng EYES Nig mpg phitt trien tai mOt to chim cita chau au dv an s* dung nang Wong hieu quit cita mang cam hien - Energy efficient sensor network (EYES) Nit mang sir dung vi dieu lchien MSP 430 clia Texas, cd khe riling ket nei them cam hien Nit mpg sir dung vi dieu khien CC1010 cita chipcon, tich hop thiet N troy& din vo toy& vi cam bien nhiet c Vi xtr 19 Vi xir lt la thiet bj quan bong nhit nut mang cam hien khong day, thqc hien thu thap dit lieu HI cac not, sau de xt1 lt truck girl di, va nhan da lieu tar cac nut khic Nguyen nhan nd ducat lira chon cac he theng nhang la mem deo ket neli yeti cac thiet bj lchic nhu thiet bj cam hien, tieu thy Jiang ltrqng thip nhir lchi nang chuyen sang the nge de chi co mOt phlin caa vi dieu lchien hoot dOng, hon nita Chuyen de tot nghiep Dal I-Inr Thing I.nng Al 777h -Rid Tan Wing thutmg c6 b0 nh6 tich hqp ten b0 vi xir 19 MOt dtic diem rat duqc ngutri lop trinh ye'u thich la tiling lop trinh bang ng6n net bOc cao (C, C++) B6i v$y xay dung nut mung viec xem zit hieu suet cim vi xir 1St, hieu qua nang Itrqng va gia la rat quan trcmg d Bi) oh& Dirge sir dung de km tit de lieu thu tt7 cac nut cam Bien, hoc goi de lieu tir the nut khae, ce loci kien true b0 nh6 11: kien true havard va ld'en true von newman, diem khic ells kien true la Id& true havard thi by nh6 der lieu va chuong trinh tach biet de de lieu thutmg dirge hira RAM can chuong frith dtrqc chira ROM hotic b0 nhe FLASH, kien true von newman thi de lieu va chuong trinh dirge km cling v6i nhau, thin:mg la tren RAM, nhugc diem dm n6 la dit lieu se bj mitt tit ngu6n, bOi vtiy chuong trinh hottc he dieu himh thuang duqc luu tra ten ROM, EEPROM, hoc b0 nh6 flash ( gin tuang to nhu EEPROM) Yeu eau kich thuOc b0 nh6 va Wing lugng lieu thu tuang ling vOi yeu eau ye di lieu cua ling dung eM nut mpg e Thiit bj giao dip La thiet bj duge sir dung de trao d6i de lieu gifts cac nut don v6i nhau, d6 moi true:mg kitting day 11 duqc ua dung hcrn ca, co the la song vo tuyen, truyen thong quang, song sieu am, al trutmg cling duct sir dung mOt vai ling dung dtIc biet Trong d6 s6ng vo tuyen cung Dip dii thong 16n voi the dO di lieu cao pith hqp nhit cho hau het cac ling dung cim mpg thong day Trong dO cac nut yeu eau ca chirc nang nthim va truyen de lieu (dieu chi, gill dieu che, lchuech dui, lqc, trOn ) sau de chuyen luting bit, byte ho(te khung thinh song vo tuyen, thong thuong thiet bj thubng dirge kit hqp thinh mOt thiet bj nhat, bei vOy thutrng thi tai mOt thai diem thong the thtrc hien dring then vita truyen vire nhOn de lieu, ma truyen va nh#n se dirge luan phien dirge dieu Ichien bOi he dieu himh nhong a Khi lira chqn thiet bi truyen nhan can Itru y viii dtIc diem sau: rding phuc vu cho 16p ten (MAC), cho phep lop dieu !chi& goi de lieu ✓ Tiet hem rding lugng vi sir dung nang lugng hieu quit Ming lugng tieu thu nhieu nhitt tong nut mong la viec truyen nh3n vo tuyen ✓ Tan s6 s6ng mang vi da kenh truyin tong tnty&t nhen phii phu hqp vei yeu cau eM ling dung • Chuyen d tot nghtep Al 77Th -Rill Tian Wing Del Hey Thing I.nng ✓ Ric da lieu Wang Ong v6i tin s6 song mang v8 bang tin cling v6i viec dieu the va ma hOtt du lieu, tOc dO cO the thay d6i bang dieu the holtc thay d6i toe dO ctia ky tv ✓ Dieu the va ma hed f Cam Min CO rat nhieu loai cam bien, tity vao loci (mg dyng tong mkutg cam bien ma ta ceo cfic cam bien twang ling, that:mg la dva vito kieu host dOng dm cam bien, tich eve- thy dOng, pham vi giam sat /tang Itrong tieu thy, gia va kich thuerc Thuerng thi viec lira chyn cam hien Ichong phtic tap nhu b0 nh6 va vi air lt g Nguen nuoi Lit thitnh phan cot yeu cua mang cam bien, tong de van de can quan tam li 'chi Wing luu ter vi cung cap nang lugng va Icha ruing thay the ngu6n.Thuting thi nguOn day thuting li pin, vi !chi rang thay the tong net mpg la kh8ng the dja hinh hien khai va se nut mang len, v$y phiti chqn nguem on djnh co lcha rang host dOng phi hqp v&i ye'u cau cua ling dung vi m8i trubng host dOng , h Phin mom He dieu hanh nhimg, dieu Ichien vi bio ve truy cop tai nguyen vi quan lt cho phep phep ngtrei dimg cling nhu h8 trq thi kinh xir IY vi giao tiep gifta citc qui trinh Tuy nhien chirc Ming chit yeu la thi hinh lenh, bat vay he thong Ichong you cau quit nhieu tai nguyen de h8 trq nhu met he dieu hitnh holm thien Han nfta he dieu hinh cho mpg cam bien khong day c6 the h8 trq nhang tay chon cho he thong, then hinh la quan ly su dung riling Itremg hieu qui, quan ly vi dieu Ichien the phan ngosi vi: cam bien, thiet bj vo tuyen, djnh that Bei v$y you cau cho by dieu hanh cho mpg nhimg la caw trOc don gian vi ho trq quitn 11 nang luqng ma Ichang ten nhieu tai nguyen he thong nhu b0 nhe vi thin gian xir 1.2.3 DOc diem cilia cdu franc myng aimblew Nhu tren ta di biet 4c diem dm mpg cam bien la bao gOm met s6 limn len cic nut cam bien, cac net cam bien c6 giOi hsn vi rang buec ve tai nguyen biet lit Ming lucmg rat Wait khe Do do, du true mpg mei co dac diem rat khac v6i cic mpg truyen thong Sau day ta se phan tich met s6 4c diem not Wit tong mpg cam bien nhu sau: Chuyen tdt nghiOp Hai Hor Thing Long Al 777A -MI Tan Thng • IChi Wing chju 161 (fault tolerance): MOt s6 cic nut cim bien c6 the Wong hoot dOng era thieu ning lucmg, nhftng hu h6ng vet 19 hok inh huing cia m8i truting Khi nAng chju 18i the hien a viec mong van hoot dOng blnh thuing, tri nhftng chic nAng mia no ci mot so nut mong khong hoot dOng • Khi nAng me rOng: Khi nghien cuu met hien tuong, s6 Wong cic nut cam bien duqc then khai ce the den hang tram nghln nut, phi thuk vio ding img dong so c6 the vuqt qui hang trieu Do d6 cau frac mpg mai phii c6 Wing ma rOng de c6 thE lim viec vii s6 lugng 1&n cic nut • Gii thrinh sin xuat : Vi cic numg cam bien bao gOm met s6 Itrog 16n cic nut cim bien nen chi phi m6i nut rat quan Mpg viec dieu chinh chi phi cirri toin mong Neu chi phi coca toin Truing dat han viec then khai sensor theo kieu truyen th6ng, nhu vey mong Ichong co gii thinh hqp lt Do voy, chi phi cia m8i nut cam bien phii gift mire thap • Ring butjc ve phan cung : VI s6 lucmg cic nut mpg rat nhieu nen the nut cam bien can phii c6 cic ring buOc ve phan cung nhu sau : Kich tuck phii nhi, tieu the nth% lucmg thap, c6 nang hoot d'Ong nhftng nol c6 mot dO cao, chi phi sin xuat thip, c6 ning to tri vi hoot dOng !thong can c6 ngutri kiem soar, thich nghi v6i mei truing • Mai throng hoot dung: Cic nit cim bien duqc thiet lip day dk, rat gin hok troc tiep ben cic hien Prang de quan sit Vi the, cherig thuang lim viec mi kh8ng can Om sit a nhing vimg xa x8i Cluing c6 the lim viec ben cic may moc lan, dueri day bien, hok nhftng vimg nhiem h6a hoc hok sinh hqc, a gia dinh hok nhftng tea nhi 16n • Phucmg tien truyen din : (3 nhftng mpg cam bien multihop, cic nut duqc ket non bang nhftng phucmg tien khang day Cic dutmg ket nen c6 the to nen boi song vo tuyen, Wing ngooi hoc nhftng phuang tien quang hqc De thiet lip so hoot dOng th6ng nhat cia nhftng mpg nay, cic phuong tien truyen din phii duce chop phii phi hqp tren toin the glen Hien tai nhieu phin cung dui the nut cam hien doa vio thiet ke mach RF Nhftng thiet bj cim bien !tang Iuqng thap ding b0 thu phit v8 tuyen kenh RF hoot den a tin s6 Chuyen tot nghiep Dal Thng Long Al 7776 -Rni Tien Tang 916MHz Met each Ichic ma cac nut mang giao tiep vai bang Wing ngoai Thiet ke may thu phat vo tuyen dimg hong ngoai thi gia thinh re vi de ding han Ca hai loci ngoai va quang deu yeu eau be phat va thu ram pham vi nhin thiy, the la c6 the truyen anh sang cho dirge • Cau hinh mpg cam hien (network topology): Trong mang cam hien, hang tram den hang nghin nut dirge trien khai teal twang cam bien Chung dirge trien khai yang hang chuc feet cim nthi nut Mat de cac nut c6 the len tai 20 nut/m3 Do so lugng cac nut cam hien rat lbn nen can phai thiet lap met au hinh On djnh Chting ta c6 the kiem tra cac van de lien quan den viee tri va thay doi ciu Hit pha sau: ➢ Pha tien then khai vi trien lchai• cac nut cam bien c6 the dat len xen hofte xip theo tat ti,r tren tnr&ng cam bien Chang c6 the dupe trien khai bang each thi tir may bay xueng, ten lira, hoc c6 the ngtrai hoc robot dSt tang cai met ➢ Pha h3u trien khai: sau !chi thin khai, nhitng sv thay dei eau hinh phu thuec vio viec thay d6i vi tri cac nut cam hien, Ichit Ming dal trang thai Ichong ket not (phu thuec vio nhieu, viec di chuyin cac vet can ), nimg lugng thich hap, nhUng sv va item vu ev the ➢ Pha then khai lai: Sau ;chi then khai eau hinh, ta van co the them vio the nut elm bien Ichic di thay the cac nut gap sv c6 hose thy thuec vito sv thay d6i chirc Ming • St: fieu thy Ming lugng (power consumption) : Cac nut cam hien Ichong day, c6 the coi la met thiet bj vi dien ter chi e6 the dirge trang bj ngu6n Ming lugng gill han (