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Luận văn Định tuyến trong mạng cảm biến và so sánh bằng mô phỏng trình bày nội dung tổng quan về mạng cảm biến, mô hình kiến trúc mạng cảm biến, định tuyến mạng cảm biến, mô phỏng và so sánh 3 giao thức định tuyến Leach, Leach-C, Stat-clus. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.
BQ GIAO DVC DAO T30 TRIreNG DAI HQC THANG LONG -o0o CHUYEN DE TOT NGHIEP DINH TUYEN TRONG MANG CAM BIEN VA SO SANH BANG MO PIING Gil° viOn htrang din : TS.Hoing Tryng Minh Sinh vien tittle hi@ : Bei Tan Tung MA sinh visa : Al2776 Chuyen ngInh : Mgng may finis - Viin thong HA NQI - 2014 L61 NOI DAU Ngay nhb ce nhOng lien be nhanh ch6ng khoa hoc vi ceding nghe sir phat trier nhting mpg bao gem cic cam bien gia thinh re, tieu thu ft nang luting vi da chtic nang di nhen duqc nhOng sir chit ding ke Hien ngubi to dang top twig trien kbai the mang cam bien de ap dung vio tong cuOc song hang ngiy D6 11 cac vue ye y te, quan sir, m8i trubng, giao thong Trong met Wang lai !thong xa, cac img ding cos mpg cam bien se trer thinh met phAn !thong the thieu cuOc song ngtroi nett chting to phat huy dtrqc het cac diem manh ma khan phei mmig Ili° ding c6 duqc nhu mang cam bien Tuy nhien mang cam (mg dang phai dOi met WA nit nhieu thach thirc, met nhOng thich thirc len nhit d6 II ngute Ming luting bj gith han va Ichong the mp rat nhieu nhi nghien cfru dang tep trung vio viec cii thien khit nang stl dung hieu quit rang lucmg ci a mpg cam bien tung we khic nhau.Em de thn hieu ve met s6 giao thtic djnh tuyin coo mpg cam bits nhu LEACH, GAF gift') citi thien nhttng nhtrqc diem mitt the giao thitc truyen thong ring cao thlri gian sting cue mung Trong nOi dung tai lieu My em se giai thieu tong quan ve man cam bien Idlong day (Wireless Sensor Network) Giao thirc vi cac phuong phip djnh My& mang vai nhang tru va nhuqc diem de c6 the hieu re hon ve mpg cam bien dua su ltra chon sing su6t pha hqp vai (mg dung cult mang de dirge tOi uu nat Di co the holm thinh dirge chuyen di tOt nghiep My, em da dirge hoc hat nhftng kien thfrc qui bau tfr the they, c8 elm cua Trubng Dpi hoc Mang Long suOt nam WW1 dal hoc Em v6 ding biet on sir day d6, chi bito ten tinh cue cac they, cac co thbi gian hoc Sp Em xin bity t6 long biet an ten TS.Hoang Trong Minh, they di ten tinh chi &to vi djnh huOng cho em nghien cum di di nay.Thily di cho em nheng lbi lchuyen quan trong suOt qua trinh hoin thenh chuyen di Cu6i cling, em xin cam an gia dinh vi ban be Von too dieu Iden thuon lqi, dOng vien vi giitp der em suet thbi gian hoc tap, ming nhu qui trinh nghien ant, hoin thinh chuyen di My Hi nOi, thing 12 nam 2013 Sinh ten Bid Tien Tung TOM TAT DO AN Ngay oh& lien bO vtrqt bac khoa hqc va ceing nghe, mang cam bien a fro de tai nghien ciru !tong bong vi nhan duqc sq den b0 ding ke tong yid nam qua.Mang cam bien la mang v8 tuyen bao g6m cac thiet N cam Men duqc phan b6 mOt each ngiu nhien khong gian, nhim quan sat the hien twang vat ly , hay dieu hen mai throng nhu nhiet dO, am thanh, star chin dung, ap suit, su chuyen dung, nhilm the vi tri 'chic Su phat trien caa mpg cam bien ma diu la cac ling dung tong quan dOi vi du nhu glum sat chi& tnemg Tuy nhien bay gib mang cam bien duqc sir dung nhieu ltnh vuc din dung bao gam: quan sat m8i trubng sang, cham s6c sue khee, nha to dOng hay dieu lchitin giao thong Cac cam bien la cac thiet bi dien tfr nh6, thong thubng duce trang bj b0 thu phut ve tuyen hoc cac thiet bi lchting day lchac, mOt b0 vi xir ly Who va mOt nguan nAng lugng Cac cam bien ce lchi !tang thu thap, xt) lt va truyen thong thong tin den cac not khac va the gith ben ngoai Mang cam Men la mOt linh we nit siu rung, chuyen de My se gieri thieu mOt each khai quit nhit ve cac dac diem cart mpg cam lien va mOt so giao thirc dinh tuyen mang cam bien DI in nAy gim co diming: Chuang 1: T6ng quan ye mang cam bien Chuang My trinh bay nhttng khai niem chung Whit ve WSN va dua caftu trim cos mang cam bien D6ng thbi cling neu cac img dung nhieu anh vuc cuOc song Chuang 2: M8 hinh !den trim mang cam bien Cu the la tang vat 19, tang lien ket clit lieu va cac giao thire dac trung ctia mang cam bien tong d6 c6 hai giao thirc dac trung d6 la : (tong bO thEri gian va giao thirc vi tri.Chwmg cling la den de de di vao dm hieu cite giao thin djnh tuyen lop mang b chuong Chuang 3: Dinh tuyen mpg cam lien Chuang My phan loci cac giao thirc dinh tuyen lam ba loci : trung tam dit lieu, phan cip vi djnh tuyin dua vao vi tri dja bier la nghien elm hq cac giao thirc dinh tuyen LEACH Chuang 4:M8 phong va so simh giao thirc djnh thy& Leach, Leach-C, Statclus.Sau m8 phi:mg se cho ket qua duqc bleu dien bing d6 thi va Si cling la nhon xet va so sash ye yin de de 11 Wing luang lieu thu , theri gian sang va luang g6i tin eita mang d6i vii tang giao thirc MVC LVC CHITONG TONG QUAN MANG CAM BltN KHONG DAY 1.1 Gioi thieu 1.2 06 Ink mpg cum bien 1.2.1 Clic yiu to anh httimg din cciu Ink mgng cam Min 1.2.2 Girl thieu yi nut cam biln• 1.2.3 Ddc diem ctia aiu &tic mgng cam 1.2.4 Hai cdu tnic dOc ciza mgng cam bien 10 12 1.3 l'ing ding 1.11 Ong dung qua dot 13 1.12 Ong dung m6i :meow 14 1.13 Ong dung chdm soc sec Moe 16 1.3.4 Tv dOng hod gkz din); va dien ddn dung 16 1.3.5 Gicim sat vd dieu khiin cOng nghiep 18 1.4 Ket luen 19 CHMING KAN TRUC MO HINH PHAN LOP CUA MANG CAM BItN120 2.1 Kien frac giao thitc ming 20 2.1.1 lip wit 15, 2.1.2 Lop lien kit di, lieu viz thd tuc thorn nhdp mot 21 Throng 25 2.1.3 Thu tyc canh tranh 28 2.1.4 Thu tyc 'cep lich 29 2.1.5 Chu& thd tuc thiim nhap mei trttimg IEEE 802.15.4 31 2.2 Giao than diing thbi gian 2.2.1 Ddng ccic nut cam Min ye sit chin!: vise 34 36 2.2.2 Diing b¢ thiti gian mgng cam Nan 37 2.2.3 Giao thtiv clang bO' girth bin nh(m yit ben ph& 38 22.4 Giao thtiv eldng b() giily bin Wm vit bin nhdn 44 2.3 Giao thin vj trf 2.3.1 Dinh vj Ara vao mdc co then 48 48 2.3.2 Dinh vi dya vao vj tri tucmg doi 49 50 2.4 Ket CHUONG DfNH TUYEN TRONG MANG WSN 51 3.1 then thieu 51 3.2 Phiin loui vi so sfinh clic giao thirc dint( tuyen 53 3.3 Giao thirc dinh tuyen ngang hang 56 3.4 Giao that trung tam de lieu 56 3.4.1 Flooding va Gossiping 56 14.2 Giao that thitung lityng SPIN 57 14.3 Giao that gein tuyin lien tie MR (Sequential Assignment Routing) 59 3.4.4 Giao that khuich tan tritc trip (Dirrected Diffusion) 60 3.4.5 Giao thus chuyin dip gia tei thilu (MCFA) 60 3.5 Nhem giao thik Olin cap 60 15.1 Giao thac dinh tuyen plan cdp twang thich ndng ltivng thap 60 15.2 Leach-C: lap cum tram cc sa 69 3.5.3 Leach-F: nham co dinh, lwin phien cluster-head 70 3.5.4 Giao that stat-cluster 73 3.5.5 Giao that Giao that nguang ring hem hieu qua 73 3.5.6 PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems) 73 3.6 Giao thirc dua ten vi tri 75 3.6.1 GO thuat chink xac theo dja ly (GAF : Geographic Adaptive Fidelity) 75 16.2 GEAR (Geographic and Energy-Aware Routing) 77 163 Kit 114n 78 CHU'ONG M6 PRONG VA SO SANH GIAO Tait DJNH TUYEN LEACH, LEACH-C, STAT-CLUS 4.1 T6ng quan ve NS2 4.1.1 Giai thieu vi NS2 4.1.2 Co c6u to char NS2 4.2 Gil thiet m8 phong 4.2.1 Gici 79 79 79 79 82 82 4.2.2 aiu lenh chgy mo' phong : 83 4.3 Ket quit m6 phong vi nhO 'cot 86 4.3.1 Thai gian sting cia ccic nodes 86 4.3.2 Ming hrong 87 4.3.3 Diss lieu 88 4.14 Khi tang mar ndng hem len 11 89 4.15 Khi thay deli tpa (16 tram cc so 90 4.4 Isllgin xet CHUONG KET LUAN VA DV MEN TRONG TUONG LAI 92 93 5.1 Thu duqc ket qua 93 5.2 Dv kien tiremg lai 93 DANH SACH BANG BLEU VA HiNH VE Hinh 1.1.Ciu trim mang elm bide Hinh 1.2.Ciu tao net cam biEn Binh 1.3.Nfit mpg ththc hu Mica Mote Hinh 1.4.Net mang EYES Hinh 1.5.Ciu trim phing cea mang cam bian 10 Hinh 1.6.Ciu trim ting cea mang cam lien 11 Hinh 1.7.1:Ing dpg quill dui 14 Hinh 1.8.1:ing dung theo dei sv di chuyin dm dOng 15 Hinh 1.9.1Ung dung moi trutmg 16 Hinh 1.10.1Tng dung chith s6c sec khoe 16 Hinh 2.1.Kien frac giao thirc mpg dm bien 20 Fah 2.2.Khea djch bien de ASK 23 Hinh 2.3.Khea djch pha PSK 23 Hinh 2.4.Khea djch tin s6 FSK 24 Hinh 2.5.M8 hinh vimg zing det gifts chc net mang 25 Hinh 2.6.The tic LEACH 29 Hinh 2.7.The tic TRAMA 31 Hinh 2.8.Ciu tnic si8u khung 32 Hinh 2.9.Xlc djnh g6c den Cult am xa b?ri mOt day sensor 35 Hinh 2.10.D6ng bO ben phat/been nhon vet ben nhon/bOn nhen 38 Hinh 2.11.Hoat ding dm viec ding bO bon phatiben nhin 40 Hinh 2.12.LTS multihop phin b6 43 Hinh 2.13.Vi du ve RBS 45 Hinh 2.14.Chuyen dap poi du lieu vh chuyen di thin then gian 47 Hinh 3.1.Phan lohi giao thin djnh tuyen WSN 55 Hinh 3.2.Phin lohi va so sanh chc giao thirc djnh tuyin man WSN 56 Hinh 3.3.Truyen g6i Flooding 57 Hlnh 3.4.Ba tin !lieu bit tay dm SPIN 58 Hinh 3.5.Hoat dung ctia SPIN 58 Hinh 3.6.M8 hinh Leach 61 Hinh 3.7.Chc giao thee Leach cho chc mpg ltrei 62 Hinh 3.8.Thoi gian hien thj host dung cua Leach 63 Hinh 3.9 Ltru d6 qui trInh thiet lap 64 Hinh 3.10.Qu6 trinh hinh thAnh hai nh6m khic yang LEACH 66 Hinh 3.11.Ltru d6 giai down On dinh 67 Hinh 3.12.Tucmg tac gifts nhieu cum 68 Hinh 3.13.Giai doan chi dat cua Leach-C 70 Hinh 3.14.Can thiep cua nhem khic 71 HInh 3.15.The hien dtrqc clang ke cac Whom can thiep giao tiep vai cac cluster71 head Hinh 3.16.Vi du ve lueri ito tong GAF 76 Hinh 3.17.Chuyin flip dial, de quy GEAR 78 Hinh 4.1.M8 phong NS, Icheri tao va thiet lap 79 Hinh 4.2.Lueng cac sir hen cho file tcl chay NS 81 Hinh 4.3.Ca ciu t6 chirc t he muc NS 82 Hinh 4.4.Topo mang 100 node m6 phong 83 HInh 4.5.Theri gian song cua the nodes d6i yeti mai giao thirc 86 Hinh 4.6.NAng luqng dui mang d6i veri mai giao thirc 87 Hinh 4.7.D0 lieu truyen colt mang 461 vii mai giao them 88 DANK SACH CAC Ti! VIET TAT WSN Wireless Sensor Network ID Identification ADC Analog to Digital Converter RF Radio frequency MAC Media Access Control UTC Coordinated Universal Time GPS Global Positioning System LTS Lightweight time synchronization protocol RBS Reference broadcast synchronization) RSS Received signal strength TDOA Time of arrival AOA Angle of arrival TDOA Time difference of arrival RSSI Receiver Signal Strength Indicator PLF Perceptive localization framework TDMA Time Division Multiple Access CDMA Code Division Multiple Access ARP Address Resolution Protocol BS BaseStation Del Hnr Th5ng I.nng Al 7776 Tian Ting CHI O'NG TONG QUAN MANG CAM BIEN KEIONG DAY 1.1 G161 thieu Trong nhitng nom gin ctay, rit nhieu mang cam bien khong day da vi dang duqc phit then vi then khai cho nhieu the irng dyng khic nhu: theo d8i sly thay doi cea mei trubng, !chi Mu, giim sit cic met ton van stir, phat hien vi than viec tin ' , sinh hoc vi hoi hoc, chuin doin sly hang hoc cita may mac, thief cong bang hat nhan N, theo diu vi giim sit cic bic sy, benh nhan cling nhu quitn 19 thu6c the benh vien,theo dai vi dieu lchien giao thong, cic phucrng lien xe c0 Han nita vii sty tien be c8ng nghe gin day vi hei ty cea hg thong cic cong nghe nhu Icy thu$t vi dien tu, cong nghe nano, giao flip khong day, cong nghe mach tich hqp, vi mach phin cam hien, xir 19 vi tinh town tin hieu da tao nhang cam hien c6 kich think nhe, da chtic !tang, gii thimh thip, cong suit lieu thy thip, layn tang lchi nang img dyng rOng rai dui mang cam hien khong day MOt mang cam hien !thong day li met mang bao gem nhieu mit cam hien nhe c6 gii thimh thip, vi tieu thy Wing lucmg it, giao dip thong qua the ket n6i !thong day, c6 dua nhiem vy cam hien, doe, tinh win nhiim myc dick thu th$p, tip trung dit lieu the quyet djnh town cyc ve mei trueng ty nhien a Nherng not cam bien nhe bet My bao gom cic thinh Cic 130 vi zit 19 rat nhe, b0 nhe glen han,b0 phin cam bien, be thu phit khong day, nguan nuoi Kich thu6c cua cic cam bien thay dei tir to nhu hap giiy cho den nhe nhu hat byi, thy thuetc vio tang irng ding Khi nghien cuu ye mang cam bien Wag day, met nhUng dic diem quan tong vi then chat de li th&i gian song cea the cam lien hay chinh la sly gi6i han ve nitng luqng cea chting Cic nut cam bien you ciu lieu thy cong suit thip Cic nit cam bien hoot dOng c6 gi6i han vi n6i chung la khong the thay the duqc ngu6n cung cip Do de, mang truyen thong tap trung vio dat duqc cic djch vy chit luqng cao, thl the giao thirc mang cam bien phii tap trung diu lien vio bio town ding suit Mang cam hien c6 met so dic diem sau: + CO 'chi Wing tlr t6 chirc + Yeu ciu ft hoac khong c6 sy can thiep Oa ngu&i + Truyen thong ves tuyen vi truyen da buerc + Trion khai so luqng lan tren pham vi rOng Chuyen de tat nghiep Al 7776 Dei flry Thing 1.nng Tien Tung : Thu vien m6 pheng NS • NS Simulation Library : Cac del tugng be lap ljch sir kien • Event Schedulet Objects : Cac dei tugng thank phin mpg • Network Component Objetcs • Network Setup Helping Modules : Cac m8 dun trg giap thiet lap mang : Cac m6 dun Plumbling • Plumbling modules : Cac ket qua m6 phemg • Simulation Results : Phan tich • Analysis : Minh hga mang NAM • NAM Network Animator Trong hinh tren, NS la be bien djch Tel ma Ong huemg dei tugng, bao gem cac doi tugng : be lap ljch sir kien, cac din tugng phan mang vet cac m6 dun trg &Kip thiet lap mang ( hay cac m6 dun Plumbing) De sir dung NS2, ngueri dung lisp trinh biing ngon ngit kjch ban Otcl.Ngutri dung c6 the them the ma ngulin Otcl vao NS2 bing each vitt the 16p dei tugng mai Otcl.Nheng lop d6 se dirge bien djch ding veri ma nguen g6c.Kich bin Otcl co the thuc hien nhieng viec sau: + Khoi tiro lx) lap lich str kien + Thiet lap m8 hinh mpg dung cac del tugng thinh phan mang + Bao cho nguon traffic nem bit diu truyen vit ngung truyen packet be lap ljch sg kien chi viec thiet lap mpg, vi thiet lap met Thuat ngt/ plumbing dirge dimg mang nghia la xtly dung cac duimg de lieu giita the din tugng mpg bAng each thiet lap tr6 "neighbour" cho met doi tugng de chi den dja chi dm doi tugng Wang img.M6 dun plumbing Otcl thvc to thqc hien viec tren rat don gian.Plumbing lam nen sir manh ciut NS Thanh phin lern !chic cita NS ben cgith cac doi tugng phiu mang la be lap a ljch sir kien BO lap ljch sir kien NS2 thvc hien nhfrng viec sau: + T6 chitc be djnh than me !long + HU), cac sir kien hang dqi str kien + Trieu gqi the phin mpg m8 pheng Phu thuec vao mire dich siz dung ciut ngteri sir dung den veri kjch ban m8 pheng Otcl ma kit qua ma phong co the dirge luu tre nhu file trace Dinh clang file trace se dirge tai vao the img dung Ichac de thvc hien phan tich: + File nam trace (file.nam) duqc dimg cho cling cu minh hga mpg NAM Chuyen a tot nghiep 80 Al 7776 -Rin Tin Tiing Dei Hnr Thing I ling + File trace (file.tr ) &cc dimg cho cong cv Mn vet va giim set mo phong XGRAPH hay TRACEGRAPH Out nam TCL NAM Visual Simulation tae Fikicl NS Tracing and Monitoring Simulation Ent tr ; Hinh 4.2.Luting ccic st kin cho file tcl cher NS Mo phong NS2 dva tren hai ngon net : C / C ++ va Otcl.Tai lai dva tren hai ng8n ngit? Ns2 sir dvng hai ng8n vl c6 hai loci mo pheng khic ctia sv vat can phii lam: + Tren mOt mat, mo phong chi tiet ciut giao thirc dei h6i mOt hg then lap trinh bang non nit ma co the thao tic mOt cich hieu qui byte, gOi, tieu de, vi thvc hien cic thuat toin ma chay b0 dO lieu km hon D6i v6i nhung nhiem v i thin gian chay toc dO la dieu quan tong va kim ng?ch khoang thei gian (chay m8 pheng, tim they 18i, sira chits 16i, recompile, chay lai) li it quan + Mat khitc, phan 16n railing lu6i nghien cfru hcri khic hoac cic tham s6 cau hinh, hoac mOt cich nhanh ch6ng khai thic mOt s6 ltrong cfic kich bin.Trong nhftng trutmg hop nay, then gian lap lai (thay doi cic mo hinh vi chay lai) la quan tong hon.Tir cau hinh chay mOt Ian (vao dais ciut cic mo pheng), chay thin gian nay, mOt phin ciut cong viec it quan trgng NS c6 dip img cic nhu cau ciut ca hai v6i hai nem ngft, C / C ++ va OTcl.0 / C ++ de chay nhanh, nhung chain de thay d6i, lam cho no thich hqp cho viec trim khai thvc hien chi tiet ve giao thirc OTcl chay nit chom nhung co the dugc thay doi rat nhanh cheing (va lap 100, lam cho n619 Wang cho cic me pheng cau hinh.NS (thong qua tc1c1) cung cap co cau ket not de lam cho cic d6i arcing bien vi xuat hien tren ca hai nem nip Chuyen a tot nghiep 81 tai Al 777A -Rill Tian Wing ficir TWAng i.nng Hinh 4.3.Ca cciu td chtic this myc NS 4.2 Gib thitt m8 phemg Em di sit dung Olin mem NS2 de chay m8 pheng WSN va de so sinh ck quyen lqi cua ck giao thirc djnh tuyin lchic tong chuyen de 4.2.1 GM tidal: Nat mpg : 100 node Kich thuac mpg : 100m x 100m Dia diem tram ca sa : (50,50) NAng lacing ban du m8i nut : 2J DO lieu : Packet Thtri gian m8 phong : 600 s Topo mang : 100nodes.txt (file c6 san tga dO cac node) Chuyen d tot nghiep 82 Hinh 4.4.Topo wing 100 node me phong Gii sir clic nodes dIu ce nhu clu gel tin 4.2.2 Mu lenh Sty m6 phony : ➢ M6 pithy Leach: ns ns-2.34/tcl/ex/wireless.tcl -sc ns-2.34/mit/uAMPS/sims/nodescen -rp leach -x 1000 -y 1000 -nn 101 -stop 600 -eq_energy -init energy -filename LEACH1 -dirname leach_dir -topo ns-2.34/mit/uAMPS/sims/100nodes.nct -num_clusters -bs_x 50 -bsy 50 2> leachdir/LEACH1.err > leach dir/LEACHLout ➢ M8 phdng Leach-c: ns ns-2.34/tcl/ex/wireless.tel -sc ns-2.34/mit/uAMPS/sims/nodescen -rp leach-c -x 1000 -y 1000 -nn 101 -stop 600 -eq_energy -roil energy -filename LEACH-C dirname leach-c_dir -topo ns-2.34/mit/uAMPS/sims/100nodesixt -num_clusters bs_x 50 -bs_y 50 2> leach-c dir/LEACH-C.err > leach-c_dir/LEACH-C.out > Af6 phdng Slat-clan: ns ns-2.34/tcl/ex/wirelessicl -sc ns-2.34/mit/uAMPS/sims/nodescen -rp Leach -x 1000 -y 1000 -nn 101 -stop 600 -eq_energy -init energy -filename Stat-clus -dirname Chuyen de tot nghiOp 83 Rai He Th5ng I.nng A17776 -Rill TiAn Timg stat-clus_dir -topo ns-2.34/mit/uAMPS/sims/100nodes.txt -num_clusters -bs_x 50 bs_y 50 2> stat-clus_dir/stat-clus.err > stat-clus_dir/stat-clus.out Cdc tham s6 &or I* b diu cda met me phdng + Wireless.tcl: d#t met s6 the tham só m8 pheng va cac nguen tip tin TCL/mobitily/leach.tcl (ho(ic Leach-c.tcl, mte.tcl hoc ke-clus.tcl) Nhung gip tin dirge lien kat den tip tin vei cang met ten mit / uAMPS / Sims Mai tip tin d#t nhOng thong s6 cu the cho giao thirc vi cac ngu6n gip tin mit/uAMPS/Sims/uamps.tcl, de cal chin cac tham se nhu cho tit ca cac giao thac djnh tuyen (vf du nhu, kenh bang thong, kich thu6c tin hieu di lieu, vv) + -sc nodescen: top tin c6 china dja diem node + -rp: giao thirc djnh tuyen + -x 100: kich c6 x coa mang Iv& + -y 100: kich ca y colt mang + -nn101: s6 mit (bao gem ca nut co sdr ) + -stop 600 : chieu dai mo phong (600 giay) + -eq_energy 1: tit ca the nut bit du vei Wing luqng bing ( nett bAng : tat ca cac nut bit du vai Wing luqng bang vi bang thi ngtrqc lai) + -init_energy 2: se luqng ruing !um ban du (J) + -Topo leach_topo: ban du ten Topo + -filename leach_file: ten tip tin du se, lieu thong ke + -dirname leach_dir: thu muc cho cac tap tin du s6 lieu thong ke + -num_clusters 5: so luqng cum mong muen (k tham se) + -bs_x 0: vi tri x cita tram co se + -bs_y 0: vi tri y caa tram co se Sau chay m8 phong ket qua li cac file luu vet (c6 duoi tr , data , enegry, ,alive, txt vs ) se dirge ltru tai cac thu mix da tao a tau lenh tren.Cic file cho to s6 lieu thong ke qua thai gian ve rang luqng , lieu , s6 nut song ,v.v De bleu dien citt lieu the file bang de thi can pith tito cac file.awk de dqc cac file va clang XGRAPH de ye de thj to cac file du ra.Trong chuang em di tao file.awk la energy.awk, data.awk, alive.awk de dqc the file du (data,energy,alive) caa the giao thirc Leach, Leach-c,Stat-clus.V1 de ve de thj bang XGRAPH em da be sung cac cau lenh sau vac, him "finish" file Wireless.tcl : Chuyen di3 t6t nghiep 84 tai nne Thing t.nng Al 777h -Rill Tign Wing exec awk -f data.awk LEACH-C.data > data-c.tr exec awk -f energy awk LEACH-C energy > energy-c tr exec awk -f alive.awk LEACH-C.alive > alive-c.tr exec awk -f alive.awk LEACH Lalive > alive.tr exec awk -f energy.awk LEACHLenergy > energy.tr exec awk -f data.awk LEACHI.data > data.tr exec awk -f data.awk Stat-clus.data > data-s.tr exec awk -f energy awk Stat-clus.energy > energy-s.tr exec awk -f alive awk Stat-clus.alive > alive-s.tr # Ve thi bang ham Xgraph: exec xgraph 100nodes.txt -geometry 800x400 -m -M -nl & exec xgraph data tr data-c tr data-s tr -geometry 800x400 -t " Du Lieu " -x "Time (sec) " -y "Packet "& exec xgraph energy.tr energy-c.tr energy-sir -geometry 800x400 -t " Nang Luong " -x " Time (sec) " -y " Nang Luong Toan Mang " & exec xgraph alive.tr alive-c.o alive-s.tr -geometry 800x400 -t " Node Song " -x "Time (sec) " -y "So Nut Song "& Chuyen tot nghiep 85 4.3 Ket qua m6 phOng Id nhen set 4.3.1 Thol gian sing cda cdc nodes HIM 4.5.7'hoi gian sing cid: Sc nodes dal vet mai giao thsic C6 the they vei mirc fling luting ban du bin 2J thi thoi gian sting dui fling deli Writ mai phuang pluip djnh tuyen c6 sq khec rat re rat +VOi Leach-C thbi gian sting cna cic nodes mang 11 cao nhit.Tai Way this 380 bit du xuk hien node chit va den Way 580 hiu het clic nodes deu chit het Mug Wong +We Leach tai giiy thin 200 bet diu suit hien node chit va den giay 452 cec nodes hiu hit di chat het fling luting +V6i Stat-clus thee gian sting Ma mung la the!) nhet din Way the 45.7 cec nodes chit hoer, Wen Vi n6 chi chon cec cluster-head lin Mit , ma cec clusterhead cling c6 giei hen nAng Wong Ii 21 nen cec cluster-head My het &big hrqng thi toan mung ngfrng hout Ong mic de ning luting toan mang rat nhieu Chuyen de tot nghiep 86 4.3.2 Ndng lirrng Mak 4.6.1Cmg lutmg mkt mgng clof viti m6i giao that + V6ri 100 node mung va mtri node ban diu c6 gia tri 2J to co deg Sing luqng t6i da mpg la 200J Ta c6 the they Leach-C de se dung riling luqng theo each hieu qua nhit.Ta cling eh the they chimg tieu thu riling luqng nit deu , ruing luqng tieu thu duqc chia deu cho cite node mpg + V6i Stat-clus nhu de not b tren du n>ing luvng town mpg m6i tieu ton khoang 20J thy nhien de ng*ng hoot dOng vi khong co node cluster-head de troy& tai de lieu cho tram co sir + Vol Leach Wing luqng ban diu mei cic gun t6n it riling Itrqng hon Leach-C mOt chOt.Tuy nhien Leach-C v6i viec truyen de lieu Oa dti t6i trum co sir de tich kiem dirge nIng luqng mOt each toi uu nhet.Ngai viec thenh lop cum cos Leach-C dam &to dung cum cho m8i lin chia cum ( v6i 100 node) Leach thl khOng dam bao viec vi the de lieu thy ruing luqng each khang diu cho town man S din viec khOng su dtmg Sung hieu quit bang Leach-C Chuyen de tik nghiep 87 4.3.3 DOP lieu Hirsh 4.7.D1? lieu iruyjn cda mong did vat mai giao time + C6 the duly &it lieu truyIn cult Leach-C dot mitt cao nhht, qua d6 thAy dirge viec sir dung tiling luqng theo Leach-C c6 hieu suit cao nhAt voi khoting 2300000 g6i fin + \Teri Leach co kholing 750000 g6i tin dirge girl Ngotli cling don vj thbi gian Leach-C gni dugs nhieu g6i tin hon veri chi phi Wing luqng thip hon + Voi Stat-clus nhir di n6i b tren man ngfmg hoot Ong lit sem nen chi giri dirge met lugng g6i tin ret nh6 Chuyen de tot nghiep 88 4.3.4 Kid tang mar nag° bring lin 3J Chuyen tat nghiep 4.3.5 Khl thay 461 tpa df trym co sek Thay dei Ma de tram ca se til (50;50)-4 (101;101) Ina de (101;101) la diem nem ngoali mans Chuyen de tot nghiep 90 Leach-C vin cho thhy viec sir dung ruing Wong hiOu quit hon Leach vi Stat-clus Chuyen de tot nghiep 91 tai 1-Ine Thing I.nng Al 777h Tign Wing 4.4 Nh#n xet Tir ket qui m6 pheng, em c6 the nh$n they la Leach-C c6 lqi the ve tit ca cac linh we Leach-C c6 the cung cap them de lieu hieu qui km Leach mOc du viec lfinh nham la ton kern bpi vi the thuat town tftp trung c6 the sir dung mpg luai th8ng tin vao bieu mslu Topology c6 yeu du ft nang luqng cho the hoot dOng cis thuet town phap ph6i Leach Tuy nhien, giao thirc sir dung cho cac nut phi ' biet dja diem Dieu deli hoi met giao thee GPS hoc thiat bj djnh vj Ichac theo doi cac va bit du len giai do?n phin phai rang luqng cho the phuong phap tie!) thong tin tir cac hlnh thirc m6i nut phii duqc truyen vao tram ca ser tai deu cua mei vong Doi yeti Leach, rang luqng khai dOng bao gam nhung ning luqng cho thong diep thong bao cue m8i cluster-head, cac nut non-cluster-head thaw gia yeu eau ctia the thong diep, va truyen / nhon ljch trinh TDMA mil cum 90i vai Leach-C, viec khai dOng bao gom viec truyen rang lugng ens mOt thong diep nhe c6 china vi tri nut hien toi va nang lucmg tir m6i nut den the trim ca s6 (bing each sir dung CSMA) va tiep nhkin cac thong tin tir tom co so Tuy nhien, bit chip bit d'au tang len nang luqng fieu thu chung, Leach-C la nhieu Ming luqng hieu qui han-Leach vi tOp trung Mtge town c6 the xac djnh tot hen so vol thuet town phin tan Tucmg fir, Leach-F MIK hien tot, nhung giao thirc lchong the dieu chinh cac dieu kien mai, ching hen nhu not duqc them vao mpg hoc cac nut di dOng V1 vOy, giao that thy hien Wong thich img vol cac thin nghiem then khai mong WSN Stat-clus cung cep de lieu cho m6i darn vi Ming luqng cue tit ca cac giao thin, nhung tang s6 deli he thong ngin hon rat nhieu vol cac phuang phap tiep cOn khac Stat-clus lchong the giri met s6 luqng lcm di lieu din cite tom co ser vi nut cluster-head stat-clus hen the viec sir dung nang luqng mOt each nhanh ching, ket thitc nhung thOng tin lien loc cilia tat ca cac nut cum Chuyen de tat nghiep tai Hnr Thing Long Al 7776 'Men Tung CHUO'NG ICtT WAN VA DV KIfN TRONG TU'O'NG LAI 5.1 Thu duct kit qua Hien thi nhftng Icien thirc ve tong quan cia mang WSN, met so diem mph va kliiin.Tem tit lai met so thach thirc djnh tuyin va thiet ke the vin de c6 hieu qua djnh tuyen WSN.Nghien ciru chi tiet ve met s6 thuot town dinh tuyen Sau de, danh gia hieu qui dm thu$t toan Thvc hien cong mo phi:mg ve ba giao thirc djnh tuyen cia NS2, sau d6 denh gia stir manh va yeu cia moi giao thirc Cac ky thuit djnh tuyen cho thiy tren, hiu het nhDng giao thirc gii djnh ring cac nut cam hien va BS khemg chuyen dOng.Tuy nhien, c6 rat nhieu cac *rig dvng nhu thu thip du lieu m8i twang not ma cac BS va !than nut cam bien can pith di dOng.VI viy, cluing to an pith nghien cuu thuit town dinh tuyen mai c6 the xir It va Topology thay doh ngueng luqng ctia moi tru?mg Minh giti vOi cac phin mem m8 pheng: - MIT va NS2 cung cep cho cac d6i tuqng dies hlnh de c6 the m8 ph6ng cho mang WSN - Tracefile di duqc cai tien de lam cho chi net cac tham s6 cho danh gia nhu: th&i gian song, riling luqng, di? lieu - Xgraph va cac file.awk ye d3 thi theo der lieu tong cac file trace 5.2 Dty kiln twang Jai Nghien ciru va chi thien kha ning djnh tuyen cho cac giao thirc nkri de tao cac limit town cc ban NS2 va MIT, m8 phong cac node di dOng va cac giao thirc Ichk Thi hanh tip tin Nam gulp cho viec me phi:mg hinh anh Chuyen de tot nghiep 93 A17776 -Rid Tign Tiing Del liar Thing Lang TAI HSU TRAM KHAD [1] Holger Karl Andreas Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley, 2005 [2] Jamal N Al-Karaki Ahmed E Kamal, Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks, Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 [3] Ian F Akyildiz, Weilian Su, Yogesh Sankarasubramaniam, and Erdal Cayirci, A survey on Sensor Networks, Georgia Institude of Technology [4] Wendi Beth Heinzelman, Application-Specific Protocol Architectures for Wireless Networks, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000 [5] Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks Technology, Protocols, and Applications, Wiley, 2007 [6] The MIT uAMPS ns Code Extensions, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139, August 7, 2000 [7] Kumar Mrinal, Amit Ruri, Routing in Sensor Network [8] Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Anantha Chandrakasan, and Han Balakrishman, Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network, Massachusetts Institude of Technology Cambrifge, MA 02139 Chuyen de tot nghiep 94 ... Tan s8 drip MF = Tan so trung binh HF = Tan so cao VHF = Tan s6 rat cao UHF = Ten s6 cvc cao SHF = Tan so sieu cao EHF = Tan s6 tort icS, cao b Diiu chi vh gird diiu chi Trong tinh town truyen... town va b0 nh6 ➢ Cac nut cam hien c6 the khong c6 so nhon long town ciu (globalidentification) (ID) vl chting c6 mOt so luqng len mio dau va mOt so lugng len cac nut cam 'nen Do v$y, ciu tnic !twig... kitting day 11 duqc ua dung hcrn ca, co the la song vo tuyen, truyen thong quang, song sieu am, al trutmg cling duct sir dung mOt vai ling dung dtIc biet Trong d6 s6ng vo tuyen cung Dip dii thong