GNU Emacs Manual GNU Emacs Manual Sixteenth Edition, Updated for Emacs Version 22.1 Richard Stallman This is the Sixteenth edition of the GNU Emacs Manual, updated for Emacs version 22.1 Copyright c 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being “The GNU Manifesto,” “Distribution” and “GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,” with the Front-Cover texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.” (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.” Published by the Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA ISBN 1-882114-86-8 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa i Short Contents Preface Distribution Introduction The Organization of the Screen Characters, Keys and Commands 11 Entering and Exiting Emacs 15 Basic Editing Commands 18 The Minibuffer 28 Running Commands by Name 35 Help 36 The Mark and the Region 45 Killing and Moving Text 51 10 Registers 60 11 Controlling the Display 64 12 Searching and Replacement 80 13 Commands for Fixing Typos 97 14 Keyboard Macros 103 15 File Handling 111 16 Using Multiple Buffers 145 17 Multiple Windows 154 18 Frames and Graphical Displays 159 19 International Character Set Support 173 20 Major Modes 192 21 Indentation 195 22 Commands for Human Languages 198 23 Editing Programs 233 24 Compiling and Testing Programs 254 25 Maintaining Large Programs 272 26 Abbrevs 282 27 Sending Mail 288 28 Reading Mail with Rmail 297 29 Dired, the Directory Editor 315 30 The Calendar and the Diary 329 31 Miscellaneous Commands 349 32 Customization 377 ii 33 Dealing with Common Problems A GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE B GNU Free Documentation License C Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation D X Options and Resources E Emacs 21 Antinews F Emacs and Mac OS G Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS The GNU Manifesto Glossary Key (Character) Index Command and Function Index Variable Index Concept Index 409 423 429 436 452 458 462 467 474 482 504 512 523 529 iii Table of Contents Preface Distribution Acknowledgments Introduction The Organization of the Screen 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Characters, Keys and Commands 11 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Kinds of User Input Keys Keys and Commands Character Set for Text 11 12 13 14 Entering and Exiting Emacs 15 3.1 Point The Echo Area The Mode Line The Menu Bar 10 Exiting Emacs 15 Basic Editing Commands 18 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 Inserting Text Changing the Location of Point Erasing Text Undoing Changes Files Help Blank Lines Continuation Lines Cursor Position Information Numeric Arguments Repeating a Command 18 19 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 25 26 iv The Minibuffer 28 5.1 5.2 5.3 Minibuffers for File Names Editing in the Minibuffer Completion 5.3.1 Completion Example 5.3.2 Completion Commands 5.3.3 Strict Completion 5.3.4 Completion Options 5.4 Minibuffer History 5.5 Repeating Minibuffer Commands 28 29 30 30 30 31 32 32 33 Running Commands by Name 35 Help 36 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 38 38 39 41 41 42 42 43 44 The Mark and the Region 45 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Documentation for a Key Help by Command or Variable Name Apropos Help Mode Commands Keyword Search for Lisp Libraries Help for International Language Support Other Help Commands Help Files Help on Active Text and Tooltips Setting the Mark Transient Mark Mode Using Transient Mark Mode Momentarily Operating on the Region Commands to Mark Textual Objects The Mark Ring The Global Mark Ring 45 46 48 48 48 49 50 Killing and Moving Text 51 9.1 Deletion and Killing 9.1.1 Deletion 9.1.2 Killing by Lines 9.1.3 Other Kill Commands 9.2 Yanking 9.2.1 The Kill Ring 9.2.2 Appending Kills 9.2.3 Yanking Earlier Kills 9.3 Accumulating Text 9.4 Rectangles 9.5 CUA Bindings 51 51 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 57 58 v 10 Registers 60 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 11 60 60 61 61 61 62 62 Controlling the Display 64 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 12 Saving Positions in Registers Saving Text in Registers Saving Rectangles in Registers Saving Window Configurations in Registers Keeping Numbers in Registers Keeping File Names in Registers Bookmarks Scrolling Automatic Scrolling Horizontal Scrolling Follow Mode Using Multiple Typefaces Standard Faces Font Lock mode Interactive Highlighting Window Fringes Displaying Boundaries Useless Whitespace Selective Display Optional Mode Line Features How Text Is Displayed Displaying the Cursor Truncation of Lines Customization of Display 64 65 66 67 67 68 70 72 73 74 74 75 75 76 77 78 78 Searching and Replacement 80 12.1 Incremental Search 12.1.1 Basics of Incremental Search 12.1.2 Repeating Incremental Search 12.1.3 Errors in Incremental Search 12.1.4 Special Input for Incremental Search 12.1.5 Isearch for Non-ASCII Characters 12.1.6 Isearch Yanking 12.1.7 Lazy Search Highlighting 12.1.8 Scrolling During Incremental Search 12.1.9 Slow Terminal Incremental Search 12.2 Nonincremental Search 12.3 Word Search 12.4 Regular Expression Search 12.5 Syntax of Regular Expressions 12.6 Backslash in Regular Expressions 12.7 Regular Expression Example 12.8 Searching and Case 12.9 Replacement Commands 80 80 81 81 82 82 82 83 83 84 84 84 85 86 89 91 91 91 vi 12.9.1 Unconditional Replacement 12.9.2 Regexp Replacement 12.9.3 Replace Commands and Case 12.9.4 Query Replace 12.10 Other Search-and-Loop Commands 13 Commands for Fixing Typos 97 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 Undo 97 Killing Your Mistakes 98 Transposing Text 99 Case Conversion 99 Checking and Correcting Spelling 100 Keyboard Macros 103 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 15 92 92 93 94 95 Basic Use The Keyboard Macro Ring The Keyboard Macro Counter Executing Macros with Variations Naming and Saving Keyboard Macros Editing a Keyboard Macro Stepwise Editing a Keyboard Macro 103 105 106 107 107 108 109 File Handling 111 15.1 File Names 15.2 Visiting Files 15.3 Saving Files 15.3.1 Commands for Saving Files 15.3.2 Backup Files 15.3.2.1 Numbered Backups 15.3.2.2 Single or Numbered Backups 15.3.2.3 Automatic Deletion of Backups 15.3.2.4 Copying vs Renaming 15.3.3 Customizing Saving of Files 15.3.4 Protection against Simultaneous Editing 15.3.5 Shadowing Files 15.3.6 Updating Time Stamps Automatically 15.4 Reverting a Buffer 15.5 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters 15.5.1 Auto-Save Files 15.5.2 Controlling Auto-Saving 15.5.3 Recovering Data from Auto-Saves 15.6 File Name Aliases 15.7 Version Control 15.7.1 Introduction to Version Control 15.7.1.1 Supported Version Control Systems 15.7.1.2 Concepts of Version Control 15.7.1.3 Types of Log File 111 112 115 115 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 128 Variable Index mac-emulate-three-button-mouse 462 mac-function-modifier 462 mac-option-modifier 462 mac-pass-command-to-system 462 mac-pass-control-to-system 462 mac-wheel-button-is-mouse-2 462 magic-mode-alist 193 mail-abbrevs 291 mail-aliases 291 mail-archive-file-name 289 mail-default-directory 288 mail-default-headers 290 mail-default-reply-to 290 mail-from-style 290 mail-mode-hook 295 mail-personal-alias-file 291 mail-self-blind 289 mail-setup-hook 295 mail-signature 294 mail-user-agent 296 mail-yank-prefix 294 make-backup-file-name-function 118 make-backup-files 117 Man-fontify-manpage-flag 246 Man-switches 246 mark-diary-entries-in-calendar 341 mark-even-if-inactive 47 mark-holidays-in-calendar 334 mark-ring 50 mark-ring-max 50 max-mini-window-height 29 menu-bar-mode 170 message-log-max midnight-hook 149 midnight-mode 149 minibuffer-local-completion-map 395 minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map 395 minibuffer-local-map 395 minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map 395 minibuffer-local-must-match-map 395 minibuffer-local-ns-map 395 minibuffer-prompt-properties 70 mode-line-in-non-selected-windows 76 mode-require-final-newline 120 mode-specific-map 395 mouse-1-click-follows-link 163 mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows 163 mouse-autoselect-window 156 mouse-avoidance-mode 171 mouse-drag-copy-region 160 mouse-highlight 163 mouse-scroll-min-lines 159 mouse-wheel-follow-mouse 169 mouse-wheel-progressive-speed 169 mouse-wheel-scroll-amount 169 mouse-yank-at-point 160 526 N next-error-highlight 256 next-line-add-newlines 20 next-screen-context-lines 64 no-redraw-on-reenter 79 nobreak-char-display 77 normal-erase-is-backspace 411 nroff-mode-hook 219 O open-paren-in-column-0-is-defun-start 234 outline-level 210 outline-minor-mode-prefix 209 outline-mode-hook 209 outline-regexp 210 overflow-newline-into-fringe 78 overline-margin 79 P page-delimiter 202 paragraph-separate 201 paragraph-start 201 partial-completion-mode 32 PC-disable-includes 32 PC-include-file-path 32 pdb-mode-hook 263 perldb-mode-hook 263 plain-tex-mode-hook 218 print-region-function (MS-DOS) 472 printer-name 363 printer-name, (MS-DOS/MW-Windows) 471 ps-font-family 365 ps-font-info-database 365 ps-font-size 365 ps-landscape-mode 365 ps-lpr-command 364 ps-lpr-command (MS-DOS) 472 ps-lpr-switches 364 ps-lpr-switches (MS-DOS) 472 ps-multibyte-buffer 365 ps-number-of-columns 365 ps-page-dimensions-database 365 ps-paper-type 365 ps-print-color-p 364 ps-print-header 364 ps-printer-name 364 ps-printer-name (MS-DOS) 472 ps-use-face-background 365 R read-quoted-char-radix 19 recentf-mode 144 require-final-newline 119 resize-mini-windows 29 revert-without-query 122 Variable Index rmail-decode-mime-charset rmail-delete-after-output rmail-delete-message-hook rmail-dont-reply-to-names rmail-edit-mode-hook rmail-file-coding-system rmail-file-name rmail-highlighted-headers rmail-ignored-headers rmail-mail-new-frame rmail-mode-hook rmail-movemail-flags rmail-movemail-program rmail-movemail-search-path rmail-nonignored-headers rmail-output-file-alist rmail-pop-password rmail-pop-password-required rmail-preserve-inbox rmail-primary-inbox-list rmail-redisplay-summary rmail-remote-password rmail-remote-password-required rmail-retry-ignored-headers rmail-secondary-file-directory rmail-secondary-file-regexp rmail-summary-line-count-flag rmail-summary-window-size 527 183 303 299 305 311 183 297 310 309 306 297 314 313 313 309 303 314 314 300 300 308 314 314 305 301 301 307 307 S safe-local-eval-forms 393 safe-local-variable-values 392 same-window-buffer-names 156 same-window-regexps 157 save-abbrevs 286 scheme-mode-hook 233 scroll-all-mode 158 scroll-bar-mode 169 scroll-bar-width 169 scroll-conservatively 65 scroll-down-aggressively 65 scroll-margin 66 scroll-preserve-screen-position 65 scroll-up-aggressively 65 sdb-mode-hook 263 search-slow-speed 84 search-slow-window-lines 84 search-whitespace-regexp 85 selective-display-ellipses 75 send-mail-function 293 sendmail-coding-system 184 sentence-end 200 sentence-end-double-space 200 sentence-end-without-period 200 server-kill-new-buffers 361 server-name 361 server-temp-file-regexp 361 server-window 361 set-language-environment-hook 176 set-mark-command-repeat-pop 49 sgml-xml-mode 219 shell-cd-regexp 358 shell-command-default-error-buffer 352 shell-command-regexp 354 shell-completion-execonly 359 shell-completion-fignore 353 shell-file-name 352 shell-input-ring-file-name 357 shell-popd-regexp 358 shell-prompt-pattern 355 shell-pushd-regexp 358 show-trailing-whitespace 74 slitex-mode-hook 218 slitex-run-command 216 small-temporary-file-directory 117 sort-fold-case 367 sort-numeric-base 366 special-display-buffer-names 167 special-display-frame-alist 167 special-display-regexps 167 split-window-keep-point 155 standard-fontset-spec 188 standard-indent 223 suggest-key-bindings 35 T tab-stop-list 196 tab-width 77 table-cell-horizontal-char 226 table-cell-intersection-char 226 table-cell-vertical-char 226 table-detect-cell-alignment 229 tags-apropos-additional-actions 281 tags-apropos-verbose 281 tags-case-fold-search 280 tags-file-name 278 tags-table-list 279 tags-tag-face 281 temporary-file-directory 117 term-file-prefix 407 term-setup-hook 407 tex-bibtex-command 217 tex-default-mode 214 tex-directory 216 tex-dvi-print-command 216 tex-dvi-view-command 216 tex-main-file 217 tex-mode-hook 218 tex-run-command 216 tex-shell-hook 218 tex-show-queue-command 216 tex-start-commands 217 tex-start-options 217 text-mode-hook 208 Variable Index timeclock-ask-before-exiting 348 timeclock-file 348 timeclock-modeline-display 347 tool-bar-mode 170 tooltip-delay 171 tooltip-gud-modes 260 track-eol 20 truncate-lines 78 truncate-partial-width-windows 155 U undo-limit 98 undo-outer-limit 98 undo-strong-limit 98 unibyte-display-via-language-environment 190 uniquify-buffer-name-style 152 use-dialog-box 170 use-file-dialog 170 user-mail-address 404 user-mail-address, initialization 441 V vc-default-init-version 133 vc-diff-switches 131 vc-initial-comment 133 vc-log-mode-hook 131 vc-make-backup-files 117 vc-rcs-diff-switches 131 version-control 117 view-calendar-holidays-initially 333 view-diary-entries-initially 341 visible-bell 78 528 visible-cursor 77 W w32-apps-modifier w32-get-true-file-attributes w32-lwindow-modifier w32-mouse-button-tolerance w32-pass-alt-to-system w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system w32-quote-process-args w32-rwindow-modifier w32-scroll-lock-modifier w32-swap-mouse-buttons w32-use-visible-system-caret which-func-modes window-min-height window-min-width write-region-inhibit-fsync 470 468 470 470 470 470 471 470 470 470 473 236 157 157 120 X x-cut-buffer-max 161 x-gtk-file-dialog-help-text 171 x-gtk-show-hidden-files 170 x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog 170 x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position 159 x-select-enable-clipboard 162 x-stretch-cursor 78 x-underline-at-descent-line 79 xdb-mode-hook 263 Y yank-excluded-properties 54 Concept Index 529 Concept Index $ 8-bit character codes 19 8-bit display 190 8-bit input 190 adaptive filling 205 Adding to the kill ring in Dired 328 addpm, MS-Windows installation program 444 againformation 375 aggressive scrolling 65 alarm clock 346 alignment for comments 242 Alt key invokes menu (Windows) 470 ALTERNATE_EDITOR environment variable 362 ange-ftp 142 anonymous FTP 142 appending kills in the ring 54 appointment notification 345 apropos 39 apropos search results, order by score 40 arc 141 Arch 126 Archive mode 141 arguments (command line) 436 arguments to commands 25 arrow keys 19 ASCII 11 ASCII art 198 Asm mode 252 assembler mode 252 astronomical day numbers 336 attached frame (of speedbar) 166 attribute (Rmail) 303 attributes of mode line, changing 76 Auto Compression mode 140 Auto Fill mode 202 Auto Save mode 123 Auto-Lower mode 168 Auto-Raise mode 168 Auto-Revert mode 122 auto-save for remote files 123 autoload 269 autoload Lisp libraries 405 automatic typing 198 autotyping 198 available colors 447 avoiding mouse in the way of your typing 171 AWK mode 249 A B Abbrev mode 282 abbrevs 282 abnormal hook 388 aborting recursive edit 410 accented characters 190 accessible portion 368 accumulating scattered text 56 action options (command line) 436 b2m 311 Babyl format to Inbox format 311 back end (version control) 126 back reference, in regexp 89 back reference, in regexp replacement 92 background color, command-line argument 447 background mode, on xterm 443 background syntax highlighting 72 $ in file names 112 ( ( in leftmost column 234 * ‘*Messages*’ buffer –/—/.-./ / 376 ‘.mailrc’ file 291 ‘.timelog’ file 348 / // in file name 29 ? ‘?’ in display 173 ‘_emacs’ init file, MS-Windows 469 ~ ‘~/.Xdefaults’ file 452 ‘~/.Xresources’ file 452 Concept Index BACKSPACE vs DEL 410 backtrace for bug reports 418 backup file 117 backup, and user-id 119 backups for remote files 142 balanced expression 240 balloon help 44 base buffer 151 Bash command to use Emacs server 361 batch mode 438 binary files, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows 468 binding 13 binding keyboard macros 108 blank lines 22 blank lines in programs 244 blinking cursor disable, command-line argument 451 body lines (Outline mode) 209 bold font 384 bookmarks 62 border color, command-line argument 447 borders (X Window System) 450 boredom 375 brace in column zero and fontification 71 braces, moving across 241 branch (version control) 134 Brief emulation 372 Browse-URL 373 buffer definitions index 235 buffer list, customizable 152 buffer menu 149, 153 buffer size display 75 buffer size, maximum 145 buffers 145 buggestion 375 bugs 414 building programs 254 button down events 400 buttons (customization buffer) 380 buttons at buffer position 221 bypassing init and ‘default.el’ file 438 byte code 268 byte-compiling several files (in Dired) 321 C C editing 233 C mode 249 C++ class browser, tags 273 C++ mode 249 C- 11 cache of file names 143 calendar 329 calendar and HTML 332 calendar and LaTEX 332 calendar, first day of week 330 call Lisp functions, command-line argument 437 capitalizing words 207 530 case conversion 207 case-sensitivity and tags search 280 categories of characters 90 cell text justification 228 Celtic 173 centering 203 change buffers 145 change log 272 Change Log mode 272 changes, undoing 97 changing file group (in Dired) 321 changing file owner (in Dired) 321 changing file permissions (in Dired) 320 changing file time (in Dired) 321 character set (keyboard) 11 character set of character at point 25 characters (in text) 14, 76 characters in a certain charset 191 characters which belong to a specific language 90 charsets 191 checking out files 127 checking spelling 100 checking syntax 258 Chinese 173 Chinese calendar 337 choosing a major mode 192 ciphers 375 citing mail 294 class browser, C++ 273 click events 400 clipboard 162 clipboard support (Mac OS) 463 coding systems 179 collision 120 color customization, in ‘~/.emacs’ 165 color emulation on black-and-white printers 364 color of window, from command line 447 Column Number mode 76 columns (and rectangles) 57 columns (indentation) 195 columns, splitting 368 Comint mode 355 comint-highlight-input face 352 comint-highlight-prompt face 352 command 13 command history 33 command line arguments 436 comments 242 comments on customized settings 383 compare files (in Dired) 323 comparing files (diff3) 138 comparing files 138 compilation buffer, keeping point at end 254 compilation errors 254 Compilation mode 255 complete key 12 completion 30 completion (Lisp symbols) 248 Concept Index completion (symbol names) 248 compose character 191 compressing files (in Dired) 321 compression 140 Conf mode 233 conflicts 136 connecting to remote host 360 continuation line 23 Control 11 control characters 11 Control-Meta 240 converting Rmail file to mailbox format 311 converting text to upper or lower case 207 Coptic calendar 336 copy of every outgoing message 289 copying files 140 copying files (in Dired) 320 copying text 53 CORBA IDL mode 249 correcting spelling 100 CPerl mode 233 crashes 123 create a text-based table 227 creating files 113 creating frames 164 CRiSP mode 372 cryptanalysis 375 CUA key bindings 58 current buffer 145 current function name in mode line 236 cursor cursor color, command-line argument 447 cursor in non-selected windows 77 cursor location 24 cursor location, on MS-DOS 467 cursor motion 19 cursor, blinking 77 cursor, locating visually 77 custom themes 386 customization 377 customization buffer 379 customization groups 379 customization of menu face 70 customizing faces 384 customizing Lisp indentation 238 cut and paste 486 cut buffer 161 cutting 161 cutting text 51 CVS 126 CWarn mode 252 Cyrillic 173 Czech 173 D day of year 332 daylight saving time 346 531 DBX 259 dead character 191 debuggers 259 debugging Emacs, tricks and techniques 419 decoding mail messages (Rmail) 310 decoding non-ASCII keyboard input on X 186 default argument 28 default-frame-alist 165 ‘default.el’ file, not loading 438 ‘default.el’, the default init file 403 defining keyboard macros 103 defuns 235 DEL vs BACKSPACE 410 delete column in table 229 delete row in table 229 Delete Selection mode 160 deleting auto-save files 317 deleting blank lines 22 deleting characters and lines 21 deleting files (in Dired) 316 deleting some backup files 317 deletion 51 deletion (of files) 140 deletion (Rmail) 299 Delphi mode 233 desktop 370 Devanagari 173 developediment 375 device for Emacs terminal I/O 437 dialog boxes 170 diary 340 diary file 341 Diff mode 138 digest message 311 directional window selection 158 directories in buffer names 152 directory header lines 324 directory listing 137 directory tracking 358 Dired 315 Dired sorting 326 Dired, and MS-Windows/MS-DOS 469 disable window system 438 disabled command 402 disabling remote files 142 DISPLAY environment variable 445 display for Emacs frame 438 display name (X Window System) 445 display of buffer size 75 display of line number 75 DNS mode 233 DocTEX mode 214 doctor 414 DOS applications, running from Emacs 470 DOS-style end-of-line display 182 DOS-to-Unix conversion of files 467 double clicks 400 double slash in file name 29 Concept Index down events downcase file names drag and drop drag and drop, Dired drag events drastic changes dribble file DSSSL mode Dutch 532 400 323 169 328 400 122 417 233 173 E Ebrowse 273 echo area Edebug 418 editable fields (customization buffer) 380 editing binary files 369 editing level, recursive 371 EDITOR environment variable 360 EDT 371 Eldoc mode 247 Eliza 414 Emacs as a server 360 EMACS environment variable 353 Emacs icon, a gnu 451 Emacs initialization file 403 Emacs-Lisp mode 269 emacs.bash 361 EMACS_SERVER_FILE environment variable 362 emacsclient 360 emacsclient invocation and options 362 emulating other editors 371 emulation of Brief 372 encoding of characters 173 end-of-line conversion 180 end-of-line conversion on MS-DOS/MS-Windows 467 end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication enlarge a table cell 228 Enriched mode 219 entering Emacs 15 environment variables 440 environment variables (Mac OS) 464 environment variables for subshells 352 environment variables in file names 112 environment variables, and non-ASCII characters 174 erasing characters and lines 21 error log 254 error message in the echo area errors in init file 439 ESC replacing META key 11 escape sequences in files 182 ESHELL environment variable 352 etags program 275 Ethiopic 173 Ethiopic calendar 336 Euro sign 175 European character sets 190 evaluate expression, command-line argument 437 exiting 15 exiting recursive edit 371 expanding subdirectories in Dired 324 expansion (of abbrevs) 282 expansion of C macros 251 expansion of environment variables 112 expression 240 expunging (Dired) 316 expunging (Rmail) 299 F face colors, setting 67 face customization, in ‘~/.emacs’ 165 faces 67 faces for highlighting query replace 94 faces for highlighting search matches 83 failed merges 138 Feedmail 293 FFAP minor mode 374 file archives 141 file comparison (in Dired) 323 file database (locate) 326 file dates 120 file directory 137 file local variables 390 file management 315 file name caching 143 file names 111 file names (Mac OS) 464 file names on MS-Windows 468 file names with non-ASCII characters 186 file names, quote special characters 142 file ownership, and backup 119 file selection dialog 113 file shadows 121 file truenames 125 file version in change log entries 272 file-name completion, on MS-Windows 468 files 111 files, visiting and saving 112 filesets 144 fill prefix 204 filling text 202 find 143 find and Dired 326 find Info manual by its file name 42 finding file at point 374 finding files containing regexp matches (in Dired) 319 finding strings within text 80 firewall, and accessing remote files 142 fix width of table cells 229 fixing incorrectly decoded mail messages 310 flagging files (in Dired) 316 flagging many files for deletion (in Dired) 316 Concept Index Flyspell mode 100 folding editing 212 Follow mode 67 font (default) 165 Font Lock mode 70 font name (X Window System) 445 font names (Mac OS) 465 font of character at point 25 fonts and faces 384 fonts for PostScript printing 365 fonts for various scripts 175 fontsets 187 foreground color, command-line argument 447 formatted text 219 formfeed 201 fortune cookies 295 forwarding a message 306 frame title, command-line argument 450 frames 159 French Revolutionary calendar 336 fringe face 70 fringes 73 fringes, and continuation lines 23 fringes, and current execution line in GUD 260 fringes, and unused line indication 74 FTP 141 fullheight, command-line argument 449 fullscreen, command-line argument 449 fullwidth, command-line argument 449 function definition 13 function key 393 function, move to beginning or end 235 G gamma correction 453 gateway, and remote file access with ange-ftp 142 GDB 259 GDB commands in Fringe 264 GDB User Interface layout 264 geometry of Emacs window 448 geometry, command-line argument 449 German 173 getting help with keys 22 Glasses mode 248 Global Auto-Revert mode 122 global keymap 393 global mark 59 global mark ring 50 global substitution 91 Gnome 162 GNU Arch 126 Gnus 349 Go Moku 375 Goto-address 373 graphic characters 18 Greek 173 533 Gregorian calendar 336 growing minibuffer 29 GUD library 259 gzip 140 H handwriting 364 hard links (creation) 140 hard links (in Dired) 320 hard links (visiting) 125 hard newline 220 hardcopy 363 head version 134 header (TEX mode) 217 header line (Dired) 324 headers (of mail message) 289 heading lines (Outline mode) 209 Hebrew 173 Hebrew calendar 336 height of minibuffer 29 help 36 help, viewing web pages 41 hex editing 369 Hexl mode 369 Hi Lock mode 72 Hide-ifdef mode 252 hiding in Dired (Dired) 325 Highlight Changes mode 72 highlight current line 78 highlighting by matching 72 highlighting lines of text 73 highlighting matching parentheses 242 highlighting region 46 Hindi 173 history of commands 33 history of minibuffer input 32 history reference 357 holidays 333 HOME directory on MS-Windows 469 home directory shorthand 112 hook 388 horizontal scrolling 66 hourglass pointer display 79 hungry deletion (C Mode) 250 hyperlinking 373 I iCalendar support 346 Icomplete mode 32 Icon mode 233 icons (X Window System) 451 icons, toolbar 170 identifiers, making long ones readable 248 IDL mode 249 ignored file names, in completion 32 ignoriginal 375 Concept Index image-dired 327 image-dired mode 327 images, viewing 144 IMAP mailboxes 314 in-situ subdirectory (Dired) 324 inbox file 300 incorrect fontification 71 incremental search 80 incremental search, input method interference 178 indentation 195 indentation for comments 242 indentation for programs 236 index of buffer definitions 235 indirect buffer 151 indirect buffers and outlines 212 inferior process 254 Info 42 Info index completion 248 init file 403 init file ‘.emacs’ on MS-Windows 469 init file, and non-ASCII characters 174 init file, not loading 438 initial options (command line) 436 initial version number to register 133 initial-frame-alist 165 input event 12 input method, during incremental search 82 input methods 176 input methods, X 454 input with the keyboard 11 insert column in table 229 insert file contents, command-line argument 437 insert row in table 229 insert string into table cells 231 inserted subdirectory (Dired) 324 inserting blank lines 22 insertion 18 INSIDE_EMACS environment variable 353 interactive highlighting 72 internal border width, command-line argument 450 international characters in ‘.emacs’ 407 international files from DOS/Windows systems 180 international scripts 173 Intlfonts for PostScript printing 365 Intlfonts package, installation 175 invisible lines 209 invocation (command line arguments) 436 IPA 173 isearch 80 Islamic calendar 336 ISO commercial calendar 336 ISO Latin character sets 190 iso-ascii library 190 iso-transl library 191 ispell program 102 534 Iswitchb mode 152 italic font 384 J Japanese 173 jar 141 Java class archives 141 Java mode 249 JDB 259 Julian calendar 336 Julian day numbers 336 just-in-time (JIT) font-lock 72 justification 203 K Kerberos POP authentication 314 key 12 key bindings 393 key rebinding, permanent 403 key rebinding, this session 396 key sequence 12 keyboard coding (Mac OS) 462 keyboard input 11 keyboard macro 103 keyboard shortcuts 492 keyboard, MS-Windows 469 keymap 393 keypad 399 keys stolen by window manager 12 kill DOS application 471 kill ring 53 killing buffers 148 killing characters and lines 21 killing Emacs 15 killing expressions 240 killing rectangular areas of text 57 killing text 51 Korean 173 L label (Rmail) 303 landmark game 376 language environments 175 Lao 173 LaTEX mode 214 LaTEX references 218 Latin 173 Latin-1 TEX encoding 218 lazy search highlighting 83 leading 453 leaving Emacs 15 libraries 268 Life 376 line endings 180 line number commands 24 Concept Index line number display 75 line spacing 453 line spacing, command-line argument 451 line truncation, and fringes 23, 78 line wrapping 23 lines, highlighting 73 links (customization buffer) 380 Lisp editing 233 Lisp files byte-compiled by XEmacs 269 Lisp files, and multibyte operation 174 Lisp functions specific to Mac OS 466 Lisp string syntax 404 Lisp symbol completion 248 lisp-indent-function property 238 list commands 241 listing current buffers 147 listing system fonts 447 load init file of another user 439 loading Lisp code 268 loading Lisp libraries automatically 405 loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument 437 loading several files (in Dired) 321 local keymap 395 local variables 389 local variables in files 390 locale, date format 122 locales 175 location of point 24 locking and version control 127 locking files 120 log File, types of 128 logging keystrokes 417 Long Lines minor mode 206 looking for a subject in documentation 36 lpr usage under MS-DOS 472 ls emulation 469 Lucid Widget X Resources 455 lzh 141 M M- 11 M4 mode 233 Mac OS 462 Mac Preferences 464 Mac Roman coding system 463 Macintosh 462 Macintosh end-of-line conversion 180 Macintosh key bindings 371 macro expansion in C 251 mail 288 mail (on mode line) 76 mail aliases 291 MAIL environment variable 300 Mail mode 292 mail-composition methods 296 MAILHOST environment variable 313 535 mailrc file 291 main border width, command-line argument 450 major modes 192 make 254 Makefile mode 233 manipulating paragraphs 200 manipulating sentences 199 manipulating text 198 manual page 245 manual pages, on MS-DOS/MS-Windows 246 manuals, on-line 42 Marathi 173 mark 45 mark rectangle 57 mark ring 49 marking executable files (in Dired) 318 marking many files (in Dired) 318 marking sections of text 48 marking subdirectories (in Dired) 318 marking symbolic links (in Dired) 318 Markov chain 375 master file 127 matching parentheses 241 matching parenthesis and braces, moving to 241 maximum buffer size exceeded, error message 113 Mayan calendar 336 Mayan calendar round 339 Mayan haab calendar 339 Mayan long count 339 Mayan tzolkin calendar 339 MCVS 126 memory full 412 menu bar 10, 453 menu bar access using keyboard (MS-Windows) 469 menu bar appearance 70 Menu Bar mode 170 menu face, no effect if customized 70 Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets) 455 merges, failed 138 merging changes 135 message 288 Message mode for sending mail 296 message number 297 messages saved from echo area Meta 11 Meta (Mac OS) 462 Meta commands and words 198 Meta-CVS 126 Metafont mode 233 MH mail interface 296 Microsoft Windows 467 Midnight mode 149 minibuffer 28 minibuffer history 32 minibuffer keymaps 395 minibuffer-prompt face 70 minor mode keymap 395 Concept Index minor modes 377 mistakes, correcting 97 mode hook 233 mode line mode line, 3D appearance 76 mode line, mouse 164 mode, Abbrev 282 mode, archive 141 mode, Auto Compression 140 mode, Auto Fill 202 mode, Auto Save 123 mode, Auto-Revert 122 mode, AWK 249 mode, C 249 mode, C++ 249 mode, Column Number 76 mode, Comint 355 mode, Compilation 255 mode, CORBA IDL 249 mode, CRiSP 372 mode, Delete Selection 160 mode, DocTEX 214 mode, Emacs-Lisp 269 mode, Enriched 219 mode, Follow 67 mode, Font Lock 70 mode, Global Auto-Revert 122 mode, Hexl 369 mode, Iswitchb 152 mode, Java 249 mode, LaTEX 214 mode, Mail 292 mode, major 192 mode, Menu Bar 170 mode, minor 377 mode, Mouse Wheel 169 mode, MSB 153 mode, Objective C 249 mode, Outline 209 mode, Overwrite 378 mode, Paragraph-Indent Text 208 mode, Pike 249 mode, Scroll Bar 168 mode, Scroll-all 158 mode, Shell 353 mode, SliTEX 214 mode, tar 141 mode, Term 360 mode, TEX 214 mode, Text 208 mode, Tool Bar 170 mode, Transient Mark 46 mode, View 139 mode, Winner 158 modes for programming languages 233 modes, Long Lines 206 modes, Refill 206 modification dates 122 536 modified (buffer) 113 Modula2 mode 233 moon, phases of 335 Morse code 376 Motif key bindings 371 mouse 394 mouse avoidance 171 mouse button events 400 mouse buttons (what they do) 159 mouse on mode line 164 mouse pointer color, command-line argument 448 mouse support 172 mouse wheel 169 Mouse Wheel minor mode 169 mouse, and MS-Windows 470 move to beginning or end of function 235 movemail 313 movemail program 312 movement 19 moving files (in Dired) 320 moving inside the calendar 329 moving point 19 moving text 53 moving the cursor 19 MS-DOS end-of-line conversion 180 MS-Windows keyboard shortcuts 469 MS-Windows, Emacs peculiarities 467 MSB mode 153 MULE 173 multibyte characters 173 multibyte operation, and Lisp files 174 multiple displays 166 multiple views of outline 212 multiple windows in Emacs 154 multiple-file search and replace 280 mustatement 375 N narrowing 368 narrowing, and buffer size display 75 narrowing, and line number display 75 navigation 373 ‘net use’, and printing on MS-Windows 472 networked printers (MS-Windows) 472 newline 18 newlines, hard and soft 220 Next Error Follow mode 257 NFS and quitting 409 nil 496 no-break hyphen, display 77 no-break space, display 77 non-ASCII characters in ‘.emacs’ 407 non-ASCII keys, binding 407 non-greedy regexp matching 87 non-integral number of lines in a window 76 non-selected windows, mode line appearance 76 non-window terminals 171 Concept Index nonincremental search 84 normal hook 388 nroff 219 NSA 295 numeric arguments 25 O Objective C mode 249 Octave mode 233 on-line manuals 42 open file 112 open-parenthesis in leftmost column 234 OpenWindows 162 operating on files in Dired 319 operations on a marked region 48 option, user 387 options (command line) 436 other editors 371 out of memory 412 Outline mode 209 outline with multiple views 212 outragedy 375 overlays at character position 221 override character terminal color support 448 Overwrite mode 378 P page-at-a-time 360 pages 201 Paragraph-Indent Text mode 208 paragraphs 200 parentheses, displaying matches 241 parentheses, moving across 241 parenthesis in column zero and fontification 71 parenthetical groupings 241 Partial Completion mode 32 parts of the screen pasting 53, 161 patches, editing 138 patches, sending 420 PC key bindings 371 PC selection 371 PDB 259 per-buffer variables 389 Perl mode 233 Perldb 259 Persian calendar 337 phases of the moon 335 Pike mode 249 point point location 24 point location, on MS-DOS 467 Polish 173 Pong game 376 POP mailboxes 313 position and size of Emacs frame 448 537 PostScript mode 233 prefix arguments 25 prefix key 12 preprocessor highlighting 252 presidentagon 375 pretty-printer 236 primary Rmail file 297 primary selection 161 printing 363 printing files (in Dired) 321 Printing package 365 program building 254 program editing 233 Prolog mode 233 prompt 28 prompt, shell 355 properbose 375 puzzles 375 Python mode 233 Q query replace 94 quitting 409 quitting (in search) 81 quitting Emacs 15 quoting 18 quoting file names 142 R RCS 126 read-only buffer 147 read-only text, killing 51 reading mail 297 reading netnews 349 rebinding keys, permanently 403 rebinding major mode keys 395 rebinding mouse buttons 400 rebinding non-ASCII keys 407 rectangle 57 rectangle highlighting 59 recursive copying 320 recursive deletion 316 recursive editing level 371 redefining keys, this session 396 references, LaTEX 218 Refill minor mode 206 refilling text, word processor style 206 refreshing displayed files 325 RefTEX package 218 regexp 85 region 45 region face 69 region highlighting 46 registered file 127 registers 60 Registry (MS-Windows) 452 Concept Index registry, setting environment variables and resources on MS-Windows 444 regular expression 85 related files 252 reload files 370 remember editing session 370 remote file access 141 remote host 360 remove indentation 196 renaming files (in Dired) 320 repeating a command 26 replacement 91 reply to a message 305 REPLYTO environment variable 290 reporting bugs 416 reread a file 122 resizing minibuffer 29 resolving conflicts 136 resources 452 restore session 370 restriction 368 retrying a failed message 305 reverse order in POP inboxes 314 reverse video, command-line argument 448 risky variable 392 Rlogin 360 Rmail 297 Romanian 173 rot13 code 312 running a hook 388 running Lisp functions 254 S saved echo area messages saving a setting 382 saving file name in a register 62 saving files 112 saving keyboard macros 108 saving number in a register 61 saving position in a register 60 saving rectangle in a register 61 saving sessions 370 saving text in a register 60 saving window configuration in a register 61 SCCS 127 screen screen reader software, MS-Windows 473 script mode 438 Scroll Bar mode 168 Scroll-all mode 158 scrollbar width 453 scrolling 64 scrolling all windows 371 scrolling in the calendar 331 scrolling windows together 158 SDB 259 search and replace in multiple files 280 538 search and replace in multiple files (in Dired) 321 search multiple files (in Dired) 321 search-and-replace commands 91 searching 80 searching documentation efficiently 36 searching for non-ASCII characters 82 searching in Rmail 299 secondary selection 161 sections of manual pages 246 selected buffer 145 selected window 154 selecting buffers in other windows 156 selection, primary 161 selective display 75 selective undo 97 self-documentation 36 sending mail 288 sending patches for GNU Emacs 420 Sendmail 293 sentences 199 server, using Emacs as 360 setting a mark 45 setting variables 387 settings 379 settings, how to save 382 settings, how to set 381 sexp 240 shadow files 121 shell commands 351 shell commands, Dired 321 SHELL environment variable 352 Shell mode 353 shell scripts, and local file variables 391 Shell-script mode 233 Show Paren mode 242 shrink a table cell 228 shy group, in regexp 89 Simula mode 233 simulation of middle mouse button 470 simultaneous editing 120 single-frame terminals 171 site init file 403 ‘site-start.el’ file, not loading 438 ‘site-start.el’, the site startup file 403 size of minibuffer 29 skeletons 198 slashes repeated in file name 29 SliTEX mode 214 Slovak 173 Slovenian 173 slow display during scrolling 71 Smerge mode 138 SMTP 293 Snake 376 soft hyphen, display 77 soft newline 220 solitaire 376 sorting 366 Concept Index 539 sorting Dired buffer 326 Spanish 173 specific version control system 130 specify default font from the command line 445 specify end-of-line conversion 185 specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame 448 speedbar 166 spell-checking the active region 101 spelling, checking and correcting 100 splash screen 439 split table cell 228 splitting columns 368 standard colors on a character terminal 448 standard fontset 188 start iconified, command-line argument 451 starting Emacs 15 startup (command line arguments) 436 startup (init file) 403 startup fontset 188 startup message 439 string substitution 91 string syntax 404 StudlyCaps 376 StudlyCaps, making them readable 248 style (for indentation) 239 subdirectories in Dired 324 subprocesses on MS-Windows 470 subscribe groups 350 subshell 351 subtree (Outline mode) 211 Subversion 126 summary (Rmail) 306 summing time intervals 347 sunrise and sunset 334 suspending 15 suspicious constructions in C, C++ 252 SVN 126 switch buffers 145 switches (command line) 436 symbolic links (creation in Dired) 320 symbolic links (creation) 140 symbolic links (visiting) 125 synchronizing windows 67 syntax highlighting and coloring 70 syntax of regexps 86 syntax table 402 T t tab stops table column commands table creation table dimensions table for HTML and LaTeX table in language format table mode table recognition 496 196 229 227 231 231 231 225 227 table row commands 229 table to text 230 tables, indentation for 196 tags 235 tags table 273 tags, C++ 273 tags-based completion 248 Tar mode 141 Tcl mode 233 techniquitous 375 television 54 Telnet 360 templates 198 TERM environment variable 417 Term mode 360 terminal emulators, mouse support 172 termscript file 417 Tetris 376 TEX encoding 218 TEX mode 214 TEXEDIT environment variable 361 TEXINPUTS environment variable 216 text 198 text and binary files on MS-DOS/MS-Windows 467 text colors, from command line 447 Text mode 208 text properties at point 25 text properties of characters 221 text to table 230 text-based tables 225 text-based tables, split a cell 228 text/enriched MIME format 220 Thai 173 Tibetan 173 time (on mode line) 76 time intervals, summing 347 time stamps 122 timeclock 347 TLS encryption (Rmail) 314 toggling marks (in Dired) 319 tool bar 454 Tool Bar mode 170 tooltips 44, 171 tooltips with GUD 260 top level tower of Hanoi 375 TPU 372 trailing whitespace 74 Tramp 141 Transient Mark mode 46 transposition of expressions 240 triple clicks 400 truenames of files 125 truncation 23, 78 trunk (version control) 134 Turkish 173 turn multibyte support on or off 174 Concept Index two directories (in Dired) 320 two-column editing 368 types of log file 128 typos, fixing 97 U unbalanced parentheses and quotes 239 uncompression 140 undecided, coding system 181 undeletion (Rmail) 299 undigestify 311 undisplayable characters 173 undo 97 undo limit 98 undoing window configuration changes 158 Unibyte operation 190 unibyte operation, and Lisp files 174 unibyte operation, command-line argument 439 unibyte operation, environment variable 441 unique buffer names 152 unmarking files (in Dired) 318 unsubscribe groups 350 untranslated file system 467 unused lines 74 unzip archives 141 upcase file names 322 updating Dired buffer 325 URL, viewing in help 41 URLs 373 URLs, activating 373 use-hard-newlines 220 user name for remote file access 142 user option 387 user options, how to set 381 userenced 375 using tab stops in making tables 196 usual erasure key 410 UTF-8 175 V variable 387 variables, how to set 381 vc-resolve-conflicts 136 version control 125 version control log 128 version number to check in/out 130 VERSION_CONTROL environment variable 118 vertical scroll bars, command-line argument 451 VHDL mode 233 vi 371 Vietnamese 173 View mode 139 viewing 139 viewing web pages in help 41 views of an outline 212 visiting files 112 540 visiting files, command-line argument 436 W Watching expressions in GDB 267 wdired mode 326 Web 373 web pages, viewing in help 41 weeks, which day they start on 330 wheel, mouse 169 whitespace, trailing 74 wide block cursor 78 widening 368 widgets at buffer position 221 width and height of Emacs frame 448 width of the scroll bar 169 wildcard characters in file names 114 Windmove package 158 window configuration changes, undoing 158 window manager, keys stolen by 12 windows in Emacs 154 Windows system menu 470 windows, synchronizing 67 Winner mode 158 word processing 219 word search 84 word wrap 206 words 198 words, case conversion 207 WordStar 371 work file 127 World Wide Web 373 wrapping 23 WYSIWYG 219 X X cutting and pasting X input methods X resources XDB XIM xterm 161 454 452 259 454 172 Y yahrzeits 338 yanking 53 yanking and text properties 54 yanking previous kills 55 Z zip 141 Zippy 376 Zmacs mode 47 zoo 141 ... GNU Emacs Manual Sixteenth Edition, Updated for Emacs Version 22.1 Richard Stallman This is the Sixteenth edition of the GNU Emacs Manual, updated for Emacs version 22.1 Copyright... with GNU Emacs GNU Emacs is a member of the Emacs editor family There are many Emacs editors, all sharing common principles of organization For information on the underlying philosophy of Emacs. .. Mode], page 190 Chapter 3: Entering and Exiting Emacs 15 Entering and Exiting Emacs The usual way to invoke Emacs is with the shell command emacs Emacs clears the screen, then displays an initial