PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES ( The grammar of the unit 6, 7, 8 ) Cách biến[.]
PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONFESSION, CAUSE OR REASON; CONNECTORS / CONNECTIVES ( The grammar of the unit 6, 7, ) Cách biến đổi từ Because / although / though … Because of / In spite of / despite… A Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ : Clauses and phrases of concession: Although/ Even though/ though/even if/ in spite of the fact that/ Despite of the fact that + MỆNH ĐỀ Despite / in spite of/ regardless of + CỤM TỪ ( noun phrase/ V-ing phrase) ADJ/ ADV/ N + though/ as + MỆNH ĐỀ Ex: Although/ even though/ though he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert I’m no better despite the fact that I’ve taken the pills Despite / in spite of being a millionaire, Henry’s friend hates spending money Because/ since/ as/ for/ seeing that/ in that / in as much as/ now (that) = because of the fact that/ due to the fact that + MỆNH ĐỀ Because of/ due to/ owing to/ thank to + CỤM TỪ ( noun phrase/ V-ing phrase) Ex: Because/ since/ as pollution is something that other folk do, we’re just enjoying our day Unfortunately my company does not produce recycle paper since/ because/ as it is more expensive to make than regular paper Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau: 1.Noun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + adj+ Noun 2.Pronoun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the adj ) Pronoun + verb + (adv)The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun (of the verb) Pronoun + verb + (O) V-ing (same Subject) 5.There be + Noun The + Noun ( Clauses and phrases of reason /concession ) Adjective Noun Adjective Noun Tired Tiredness Important Importance Sick Sickness Different Difference Ill Illness Absent Absence Late Lateness Honest Honesty Kind Kindness Difficult Difficulty Lazy Laziness Poor Poverty Sad Sadness Noisy The noise Dark Darkness Invent The invention of 1) Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề giống nhau: Pronoun + verb + (O) V-ing (same Subject) - Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time => Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time 2) Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ Noun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + adj+ Noun - Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ, bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ : Pronoun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the adj ) - Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hữu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ Pronoun + verb + (adv) The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun (of the verb) - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although He behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ There be + Noun The + Noun - Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident , => Despite / in spite of an accident, 6) Nếu câu có dạng : It (be) + tính từ thời tiết Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước Although it was rainy, => Despite / in spite of the rain, ……… Các tính từ danh từ thường gặp mẫu là: Foggy => fog ( sương mù ) Snowy => snow (tuyết) Rainy => rain (mưa) Stormy => storm ( bão) 7) Nếu câu có dạng: Danh từ + (be) + p.p ( câu bị động) => Đổi p.p thành danh từ, thêm the phía trước of phía sau, danh từ câu đem xuống để sau of Although television was invented, => Despite / in spite of the invention of television, ……… ) The fact that trước mệnh đề Although he behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely, - Áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE BECAUSE OF B Co-ordinating conjuctions ( Liên từ kết hợp ) Nhóm AND: thêm vào (addition) a hai mệnh đề kết hợp bởi: and, as well as, both … and, not only … but also/ as well Ex: Both she and her sister now live in New Orleans He is handsome and rich He is lazy as well as dirty b hai mệnh đề tách ra, liên từ là: moreover, furthermore, what is more, in addition, besides, also, again,… Ex: Uncle ho is a great leader; moreover, he is a great poet Arlene Black has a yacht and a helicopter In addition, she has five cars Nhóm BUT: tương phản (contrast) Các liên từ là: but, still, however, whereas, while, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, only, for all that Ex: The door is very old; nevertheless, it is very strong He is rich; however, he is not happy Tom works hard, but he can not buy a house Nhóm OR: lựa chọn thay (choice) a or, either … or, whether … or neither …nor nối từ , mệnh đề cụm từ Ex: Either you or he is wrong Neither you nor she is right b or else otherwise nối mệnh đề Ex: You’d better hurry, or (else) you’ll be late Take your umbrella, or (else) you’ll get wet I always eat breakfast Otherwise, I get hungry during class Nhóm SO: hệ (consequence) Các liên từ là: so, therefore, for, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result … Ex: The mouse died in the corner two days ago Therefore, it smells rotten He was lazy; as a result, he failed the examination Ann didn’t study Consequently, she failed the test I Complete the sentences with because/ because of/ although/ in spite of 1.We delayed our trip _ the bad weather Sue’s eyes were red _ she had been crying My mother is always complaining the untidiness of my room The water in most river is unsafe to drink _ it’s polluted The trees were bend over the wind You can’t enter this secure areas you don’t have an official permit It’s unsafe to travel in that country _ the ongoing civil war Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted _ the extreme heat Mark didn’t go to work yesterday he didn’t feel well 10 We couldn’t get into the disco the enormous crowd 11 _ it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday 12 Daniel forgot his passport having it in his list 13 I couldn’t get to sleep _ the noise 14 _ I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early 15 A lot of things went wrong all our careful plans 16 She wasn’t wearing a coat it was quite cold 17 He only accepted the job the salary, which was very high 18 I went home early I was feeling unwell 19 I knew the truth, I decided not to tell them 20 The villagers refused to leave the drought 21 We decided not to go out for a meal _ we were simply too tired 22 Have you really got no money the fact that you’ve had a job? 23 Sarah can’t climb up the tree _ her fear of heights 24 Matthew looked quite fresh, he’d been playing squash 25 _ his age, john was not hired he had the necessary qualifications II Match the two halves of the sentence Then write the full sentence, using the word in brackets Add commas where necessary A B yesterday was a public day she was very popular (since) we didn’t want to wake anybody up we ate out (as) we didn’t know what time it was it explains everything very clearly (because) it was a nice day none of us had a watch (because) the door was open the teacher decided to give it again (since) you paid for the theater tickets she missed the bus (because) oil is an irreplaceable natural resource we went for a walk by the sea (as) we didn’t see Lisa for a long time We didn’t recognize her (because) Lilian was late for work we must whatever we can to conserve it (since) 10 Sonia was tired we came in very quietly (as) 11 Eve had an attractive personality she felt weak (because) 12 mother had burnt the dinner we didn’t have to go to work (since) 13 it’s a really useful book please let me pay for our dinner (as) 14 Ellie hadn’t fully recovered yet she’d been working very hard (because) 15 all the students had done poorly on the test I walked in (since) III Add SO, BUT, THEREFORE, HOWEVER where appropriate The wind was howling outside, _ it was warm and comfortable indoor The highway was under construction, _ we had to take a different route to work You could fly via Singapore; _, this isn’t the only way There is still much to discuss We shall, _ return to this item at our next meeting It isn’t that he lied exactly, _ he did tend to exaggerate I thought the plane would be delayed; , I bought a lot of magazines to read Jackson was going to study all night, he declined our invitation to dinner We thought the figures were correct , we have now discovered some errors Cars have become much more complicated , mechanics need more training than in the past 10 We arrived at the theater late _ the play had not yet begun We were quite surprised 11 Prices have been rising It is unlikely, , that this increase will continue 12 The bread was old and stale, _ Martha ate it anyway 13 The holiday had been a complete disaster We, _, decide to fly home early if we could 14 He failed the exam, _ he had to the job he didn’t like 15 The expedition hoped to climb the mountain by August _ bad weather could be a hindrance IV Rewrite the following as one sentence, using and, but, so, or It was raining I felt cold I went indoors It was raining and I felt cold so I went indoors He loves her She loves him They are getting married I can paint the lounge I can clean the fridge I can’t both Mr Downes seemed poor In fact, he had a lot of money Tim is sleeping You can’t speak to him at the moment The postman banged the gate He shouted at Lulu She bit him My mother wanted me to become a doctor I didn’t Nick didn’t understand the lesson He couldn’t the homework A bee flew into the classroom this morning It stung me 10 You mustn’t put this in the washing machine You must wash it by hand You must dry-clean it 11 We lay in the sun We got hot We swam We cooled off 12 Louis broke her watch Then she borrowed mine 13 We might go to Spain We might go to France 14 Mike could speak French He could speak Spanish He couldn’t write them 15 We went to the museum It was closed We went to the cinema V Put in these word: although, because, but, if, in case, in order to, in spite of, so, so that, unless Olivia booked a babysitter _ she could go out for the evening it was late, Nick didn’t seem in a hurry to leave They put video cameras in shops _ stop people stealing things We decided not to go out for a meal we were simply too tired Our room was very small, we didn’t really mind _ you’re ready, we can start now No one was watching the television, I switched it off You can’t drive a car _ you’ve got a licence having absolutely no talent, Guy became a popular TV personality and chat show host 10 I think my answers are right, but can I just check them with yours _ I’ve made a mistake? TUẦN ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP Môn: Tiếng Anh - Lớp I Vocabulary: Topic: The weather, natural disasters, The environment, celebration II grammar: Tense of verb How to use adjectives and adverb of manner Adjective + that clause (Adjectives of emotion: glad, happy, sorry, surprised, disappointed, afraid, worried…) Conditional sentence type 1, 2, Adverb clause of reason/ cause (with because, as, since, for, now that) Connectives, and, but, because, so, therefore, however Making suggestions Phrasal verbs: Eg: Throw away Turn on/off Look after/for Stand up… III Do exercises: Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with adjectives given below a happy b disappointed c excited d sorry f afraid g worried h delighted i amazed e pleased j annoyed I’m in a hurry I’m ………………… that I can’t wait for you Sam didn’t study for the exam I’m ………… that he won’t pass it 3 The student was ………… that he got good marks on the English test I’m ………… that the manager is out at the moment We were ……… that the boy could lift the heavy rock He was ………… that the film was so boring She is …………… that she hasn’t been invited to the party We are …………… that you always work hard Paul was ………… that they offered him the job 10 The children are ………… That we are taking them to the zoo at weekend Exercise 2: Underline the correct form of the verb in brackets What will they achieve if they work (hard/hardly) to day? Be (careful/ carefully) when you cross the road Think (careful/ carefully)before answering this question Mrs, Jones has (kindly/kind) provided a picnic lunch for us We should make this beach a clean and (beautiful/ beautifully) place again He was (extremely/extreme) pleased that he got good marks the girls (finally/final) decided to collect money for their plan I don’t know which website is (use/useful) for me A (daily/ day) newspaper was published in Germany in 1550, wasn’t it? 10 Nowadays, viewers can watch a variety of local and international programs on (different/ differently) channels 11 The Kien Thuc Ngay Nay is (wide/widely) read by teenagers and adults 12 Susan (successful/successfully) won the scholarship to study abroad Exerci 3: Giving suggestions using clues in brackets Ví dụ: - Huong feels tired (take a rest) - I Suggest that she should take a rest Mai feels bored and she doesn’t know how to (read comic books) ……………………………………………………………………………… My son wants to lose weights (do exercise) ……………………………………………………………………………… Hung wants to buy a computer (save money) ……………………………………………………………………………… Phong wants to improve his English (join an English club) ……………………………………………………………………………… Joe often gets up late and goes to work late (buy an alarm clock) ……………………………………………………………………………… My sister wants to study abroad (learn English) ……………………………………………………………………………… Exerci 4: Complete the following sentences with a suitable word Please turn………… the light It’s getting dark here Can you look ………… my cat when I’m away? Can you look …………… my purse, Mark? I think it’s in the kitchen Everyone in the office likes Henry He gets on ………… with his coworkers Remember to switch the air – conditioning……… when you leave Why don’t you throw ……… this old newspaper? Wow! Look ……… this painting! It is fantastic My mother always asks me to put ……… a sweater when it is cold 9 The children stood ………… When the teacher came in 10 This skirt is so nice Can I try it……………? Exerci 5: Complete the following sentences with “and, so, but, therefore, however, because” The library closes on Saturday …………, you should go there on Monday The little girl is crying ……… she misses her mother Are you going to study Portuguese ……… Spanish? The children eat too much sweets ………… they get toothache easily The countryside is cleaner and safer than the city …… I prefer living in the city You should study harder ………… You fail the exams We need energy to work …………… scientists are always looking for new sources of energy Marie felt tired………………… She still finished her work well UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences They shouted and looked at me when I broke the vase A angry B angrier C angrily D anger He is tired, he stayed up late watching TV A so B because C but We are talking about the preservation of resources A natural naturalize B naturally C nature Is he really that you can’t come there? A disappoint disappointing B disappointed C disappointing It is our policy to forest and increase forestation A protect protected B protecting I suggest to the movies A go B to go B catching D D to C to protect D C going D went They made their living by fish in the ocean every day A catch caught D and C to catch I will be if she manages to sell that motorbike at a high price D A surprise surprise B surprised C suprising If you know where she lives, please let me A know B knew C known D to D to know 10 If you live in this small town, you earn much money A aren’t didn’t B couldn’t C can’t 11 Unless you understand, I explain it again to you A am would B was 12 If he a student, he will get a discount A is B was D C will D C were D will be 13 Because plastic bags are very hard to , they will cause pollution A dissolve collect B wrap C tear 14 These materials can be into other packaging products A reused recycled B reduced C removed 15 If people public transport, there will be less pollution A use B will use C can use 16 Minh’s English is excellent He speaks A perfectly English B English perfectly English perfect C in perfect English 17 If you go doing that, you’ll end in serious trouble A up/ with B on/ up D D D used D C off/ with D out/ C dung D up 18 Crops are sprayed with to kill insects A fertilizer pesticide B manune 19 What about used paper, bottles, and cans every day? A collect collecting B collecting C to collect D to 20 If the sea water continue to be polluted, many fish species extinct A became become B will become C would become D Fill in each gap with an appropriate preposition 21 The teacher divided class four groups 22 He provide us a lot of useful information 23 The ground is covered trash You should clear all the trash 24 Raw sewage is pumped directly the sea 25 They are trying to save the animals extinction 26 The world will end like a second-hand junk-yard 27 I am looking forward hearing from you 28 Don’t throw trash the water Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets 29 If the rice padddies are polluted, the rice plants (die) 30 If we on littering, the environment will become seriously polluted (go) 31 What _they if they work hard today? (achieve) 32 If you a chance to study in a foreign country, just take it (get) 33 Plants if they don’t get the sun and water (die) 34 I am looking forword to from you (hear) 35 I suggest by bus (travel) 36 If you don’t study harder, you the final exam (not pass) 37 She terribly sorry if he dies (feel) 38 Go with me and I you my new car (show) Rewrite the following sentences as directed 39 Why don’t we go for a picnic on the weekend? Let’s _ 40 Let’s go to work by bus What about 41 Nga is a good English speaker Nga speaks 42 Unless you get a visa You can’t visit the United States If you 43 If you don’t suceed, you’ll have to try it again Unless 44 I suggest collecting unused clothes Let’s _ 45 She failed in the exam because she was lazy (because of + noun phrase) 46 Ba is tired He stayed up late watching TV (because) _ 47 Hoa broke the cup She was careless (since) 48 We were disappointed She didn’t keep her promise (Adj + that) _ Fill in each gaf with a suitable word countries – polluted – land – water – rivers – people – garbage – sea Our oceans are becoming extremely (55) Most of this pollution comes from the land, which means it comes from (56) Firstly, there is raw sewage, which is pumped directly into the sea Many (57), both developed and developing, are guilty of doing this Secondly, ships drop about millions tons of (58) into the sea each year Thirdly, there are oil spills from ships A ship has an accident and oil leaks from the vessel This not only pollutes the (59), but it also kills marine life Next, there are waste materials from factories Without proper regulations, factory owners let the waste run directly into the (60), which then leads to the (61) And finally, oil is washed from the (62) This can be the result of carelessness or a deliberate dumping of waste THE END ... động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although He behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ There... (mưa) Stormy => storm ( bão) 7) Nếu câu có dạng: Danh từ + (be) + p.p ( câu bị động) => Đổi p.p thành danh từ, thêm the phía trước of phía sau, danh từ câu đem xuống để sau of Although television... (be) + tính từ thời tiết Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước Although it was rainy, => Despite / in spite of the rain, ……… Các tính từ danh từ thường gặp mẫu là: Foggy => fog ( sương