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Jt- 37D./r E l) TAp chi Giao duc (2022),22123\,32-36 ISSN: 2354-0753 Li THUvET Donc cuAy: euAN NIEM, pHAN Luotc ooNc cruy vA Ns0Nc ulu f o6r vor xmN r4o noNc cuAv Hec rAp Nguy-6n Thi Thanh 'Itrng Article history Received: 03/8/2022 Accepted: 3019/2022 Published: 05/1212022 Ke),\f,ords Flow theory, Csikszentmihalyi, leaming flow, flow scale Truong Dqi hgc Su pfum Hn Ndi Emai I : tungntt@f nue edu ABSTRACT ln the context of the Covid-I9 pandemic, maintaining leaming motivation, espec,ially in the context ofapplying distance leaming methods, is one ofthe extemely impofiant issues Accordingly, *re inqufy into motivational theories has also attracted considerable interesl in academia This study provides a sysrematic view on the concept, affecting aspects, flow model and the significance ofapptlng the flow theory ofpsychologist Csikszenfinihalyi in the field of education The research resuls show that although approaches for nearly half a cennry have varied due to research contexts, th€y are all consistendy based on the concept of flow state, opinral experience and aspects of flow initiated by the psychologist named Csikszentrnihalyi In addition, the study also highlights the positive conelation of applying flow theory in education and schools and promoting leaming motivation of leamen when the flow-oriented aspects of leaming flow are considered by the school itself, the teacher, the student, including ensuring clear goals, conc€ntratiorL timely response, challenges, controllability, balance between challenges and skills l Mf itAu cta vin d,! ti tl6ng lw hqc t6p U5i cantr nen giao duc ff xa thirh tmg dich Covid- I di t4o m6i quan tim &ing k6 cua gioi hqc thudt nhdm tim hi€u cic,li thuyet ttdng luc th tdn rgi Li thuy6t ddng ctr^iy cua nha tAm li nguoi M! - Csikszentrnihall khoi xuong voi tinh ph6 rqng trd thi,nh mot nhirng li thuyet tlQng lw thu hut su quan t6rr" binh luan va phit tri6n boi cic nha nghien ctu u-du d4ng oich thtrc fiib can, qic nghiEn crru c6 sg tl6ng thuin v6.qtr,an nhi6u hoan canh kh.lc ntuu e6i "hip chay c6 miii tuorg quan thuin voi ddng luc hm viQc, hac 6p, su hai ldng; tl€ xuAt cric di6m cho reng li thuyil ddng u?ng tllii ddng chay c.ictr ttliclam tni nao C6 dat duqc ddng ctdy t6i m thang tlo, uic-yiu t6 antr truong tdi c6rc ngt canh kldc nhau; tl6ng thoi chi nhtng ham f 6p {ung cric linh vp rong tl6 c6 gitiLo d1tc, auotg hqc Tr€n co so tl6nh gi6 s6u rgng cic nghiCn cuu di truoc v6 li thuyEt ddng cldy, nghi€n.crm.nay nh6m mltc tlich ti6p c{n khung li thuy6t ve quan n em phan ludng ddng ch,iy, cic m6 hinh ddng chAy va dC xuit nhtng tram ! cua viQc vin dgng li thuy6t ddng chdy tri dgng luc hoc t6p cho nguoi hqc Tim quan trpng cang ong voi khung hoang alai & 2.1 qui nghi6n cri,u Qwn niin "ditng chiy" vd 'fuhdn lubng dbng chiy" t t K6t Vi quon niin "ddng chqv ' Theo Csikzentmihalyi ( 1975), 'rrni nghigm 'tqng tluii ddng chriy'' li m$t thuit ngi chuy€n m6n de m6 ta cim gi6c tdl hoac tt h0c diy c6c hoal tlQng hang ngny cua h9, chlng fun $i ti5i uu" ma mqi ngudi c6, nhu m6t y6u nol tari viec thd rhao vd bi6u d-iEn nghQ thuit Li rhuyrir li6n tuc ttuqc Csikz.entmltratyinghien cttu vi phnt triin nhim tim c6ch d6 mO ta m$l ft?ng ttxii mA o tlo dQng lw nQi tai xuit hi€n; gidi thich nhtng kinh nghigm t6i uu xuit hiQn mQt nguoi hac d tr4ng th6i tinh thin cua su gin k& trqn ven voi mOt hoqt d0ng; t4o nhtng "ddng chay'' kinh nghiQm hEc tap c6 lqi d6 thric diy cam gidc ki6m so6t sU hii ldng vi thoa m6n (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Shemoff et al., zot+) BCn canh 116, "ddng chiy''cdn li khdi niQm dung dii md ti tnii nghiQm hanh tlQng kh6o ldo vir thirnh c6ng (Csikszentrnihalyi, 202U "Ddng chay'hoic 'tnii nghiem tOi uu" teo thinh mot trang tluii tl6 mqi nguoi tham gia vio mQt hoal dQng mi ducmg nhu kh6ng c6 gi kh6c quan rang (Csikszentrnihalyi, 1990; Bergsutim et al 2021 ) ;Dong chriy", qang thdi uai nghCm 6i uu tlugc tlfc trrmg boi su h6p thq hodn toan vdo nhi€m vu tim tay; mQt sU k6t hqp gita hnnh dflng vd nhan thtrc Trong d6, li thuyet ddng clxiy duo c xdy dpg tl6 m6 ta nhtng thay tl6i 32 E T?p chi Gieo dqc (2022],, 22\23), ISSN: 2354-0753 32-fi tich l[y Vi dg kti thlrc hien mot hoat dong, mQt nguoi c6 thi! cdm thly dng mqi tht ddu '?di chiy'' mn kh6ng cin n6 lp lon nao vA kirt qua duqc tnii nghiQm Ie tich cqc, nrc li mQt nguoi co brii ngliQmdong ctuiy Khi m6t nguoi trd nen c6 nlng lqc hoq mQt hoqr dQng nhat dinh se trdnCn it ttdah thrrc hon, dan tlen I'i0c nguoi tl6 kh6ng cdn trii qua "dong chay" nla (Csikszentrnihalyi, 1990, 2021) DE tri trai nghiQm ddng chiy, nguoi ta phrii UrOi lhuc su can bing gita cric rht tluich ttinh hu6ng mQl moi.md hqc sinh c6 quy6n tU hinh dong chinh) vi ki *Dong chdy" tlung tldi nnng (c6c nnng ho4c cdng cU mi hec sinh phii c6 d€ c6 th€ ildi ph6 voi m6t tht thi.ah) hqc 'iP thric cd nhdn h6i m$r qu6 trinh nnng dQng d6 nguoi hgc truc tuy6n d6p ung nhtng tlr,ich phdi khdn hon tlii tro n€n kh6 nhirng K neng moi fhi ngotf frq" fA, hu th6m nhi6u lir- neng-thi nhtrng tlxich rhtrc vi nang vi git muc dQng luc cao 2.1.2 Phan lrcng dong chay fii tu t
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