[...]... science that studies the deformation and flow of matter, and in PP there is interest in both viscosity and elasticity of the melt state and the solid state The rheological properties of PP are important because of the broad range of processing techniques to which PP is subjected, including fiber and film extrusion, thermoforming, and injection molding The viscosity of PP is of most importance in the melt state... High-Purity Submicrometer and Compacted Talc Products in Polypropylene Compounds Wilhelm Schober and Giovanni Canalini 17 Automotive Applications for Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites Brett Flowers Copyright © 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc 18 Wollastonite-Reinforced Polypropylene Roland Beck, Dick Columbo, and Gary Phillips 19 Part Shrinkage Behavior of Polypropylene Resins and Polypropylene Composites... alcohol and caustic solutions Plants based on this technology required a large amount of equipment, a great deal of space, and complicated plot plans They were high in both capital and operating costs, labor intensive, and energy inefficient Moreover, there were environmental and safety issues associated with the handling of a large volume of solvent and the disposal of the amorphous atactic byproducts, and. ..6 Impact Behavior of Polypropylene, Its Blends and Composites Josef Jancar 7 Metallocene Plastomers as Polypropylene Impact Modifiers Thomas C Yu and Donald K Metzler 8 Talc in Polypropylene Richard J Clark and William P Steen 9 Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Philip F Chu 10 Functionalization and Compounding of Polypropylene Using Twin-Screw Extruders Thomas F Bash and Harutun G Karian ... Interphases in Polypropylene Composites Josef Jancar 12 Mega-Coupled Polypropylene Composites of Glass Fibers Harutun G Karian 13 Characterization of Long-Term Creep-Fatigue Behavior for Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Les E Campbell 14 Mica Reinforcement of Polypropylene Levy A Canova 15 Use of Coupled Mica Systems to Enhance Properties of Polypropylene Composites Joseph Antonacci 16 Performance of Lamellar... properties of PP in the melt state are derived from the average length of the polymer chains and the breadth of the distribution of the polymer chain lengths in a given product In the solid state, the main properties of the PP material reflect the type and amount of crystalline and amorphous regions formed from the polymer chains Semicrystalline PP is a thermoplastic material containing both crystalline and. .. of pieces of stiff cardboard linked together by strands of softer material In the areas represented by flat pieces of cardboard, PP polymer chains weave up and down into close-packed arrays called crystallites (‘‘little crystals’’), which are called lamella by morphologists The soft strands linking the pieces of stiff cardboard are polymer chains that exit one crystallite, enter another, and then begin... mixture of ethylene and propylene monomer is polymerized in the voids and interstices of the HPP polymer powder particle The amount of rubber phase that is blended into the HPP by mechanical or reactor methods is determined by the level of impact resistance needed The impact resistance of the ICP product is determined not only by its rubber content but also by the size, shape, and distribution of the... polymer samples consist of molecules of different molecular weights This is a reflection of the fact that a polymer sample is a collection of molecules of differing chain lengths Therefore, an average molecular weight concept was adopted for polymers No single average, however, can completely describe a polymer sample, and a number of different averages are used Ratios of some of these averages can be... (Mw ), and z-average (Mz ) molecular weights In PP, the Mn relates to physical properties of the solid, the Mw relates to viscosity properties of the melt, and the Mz to elastic properties of the melt Because the GPC chromatogram contains a lot of data that are not easy to tabulate and communicate, it is convenient to use a ratio, especially Mw =Mn , because it gives a good estimate of the MWD and is . and Expanded, Anil Kumarand Rakesh K Gupta 67 Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Harutun G Kanan 68 Handbook . Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jozef Bicerano 39. Practical Thermoforming- Principles and Applications, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, John Florian 40. Macromolecular Design of . and Expanded, Rakesh K Gupta 59 Handbook of Polyolefms Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Cornelia Vasile 60 Polymer Modification Principles, Techniques, and