biochemical engineering and biotechnology

[...]... such as antibiotics, chemicals, alcohols, lipid, fatty acids and proteins Deep understanding of bioprocessing may require actual knowledge of biology and microbiology in the applications of the above processes It is very interesting to demonstrate bench-scale experiments and Ch001.qxd 10/27/2006 10:49 AM 4 Page 4 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY make use of large-scale advanced technology However,... 1 Aiba, S., Humphrey, A.E and Millis, N.F., Biochemical Engineering , 2nd edn Academic Press, New York, 1973 2 Baily, J.E and Ollis, D.F., Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals”, 2nd edn McGraw-Hill, New York, 1986 3 Demain, A.L and Solomon, A.N Sci Am 245, 67 (1981) Ch001.qxd 10/27/2006 10:49 AM Page 13 INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 13 4 Ghose, T.K., “Bioprocess Computation in Biotechnology , vol 1 Ellis... molasses and a wide range of plant waste Ch001.qxd 10/27/2006 6 10:49 AM Page 6 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 1.4.2 Cell Products Products are produced by cells, with the aid of enzymes and metabolites known as cell products These products are categorised as either extracellular or intracellular Enzymes are one of the major cell products used in industry Enzymes are extracted from plants and. .. yoghurt and other dairy products, fuels, and fine chemical industries He identified many microbial processes and discovered the first principal role of fermentation, which was that microbes required substrate to produce primary and secondary metabolites, and end products In the new millennium, extensive application of bioprocesses has created an environment for many engineers to expand the field of biotechnology. .. Ellis Horwood Series in Biochemistry and Biotechnology, New York, 1990 5 Scragg, A.H., “Bioreactors in Biotechnology, A Practical Approach” Ellis Horwood Series in Biochemistry and Biotechnology, New York, 1991 6 Bradford, M.M., J Analyt Biochem 72, 248 (1976) 7 Doran, P.M., “Bioprocess Engineering Principles” Academic Press, New York, 1995 8 Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S and Krieg, N.R., “Microbiology” McGraw-Hill,... temperature of 32 °C, controlling pH and monitoring DO level Sufficient air is blown at a flow rate of 2000 ml minϪ1 (1 vvm).7,8 Data collection for optical density, DO level, cell dry weight, protein and carbohydrates is done at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours in batch mode as projected in Table 2.1 Ch002.qxd 10/27/2006 10:49 AM 18 Page 18 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY TABLE 2.1 Batch production... high acidity Acetobacter and Gluconobacter oxidise ethanol in wine to acetic acid (vinegar) Ch001.qxd 10/27/2006 10:49 AM 8 Page 8 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY The word ‘wine’ is derived from the French term ‘vinaigre’ meaning ‘sour wine’ It is prepared by allowing a wine to get sour under controlled conditions The production of vinegar involves two steps of biochemical changes: (1) Alcoholic... product from sugar industry, and wet milling corn are used for the production of penicillin • Penicillium chrysogenum can produce 1000 times more penicillin than Fleming’s original culture8 Ch001.qxd 10/27/2006 10 10:49 AM Page 10 BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY • The major steps in the commercial production of penicillin are: (1) Preparation of inoculum (2) Preparation and sterilisation of the... industrially applicable and economically feasible to produce, concentrate, extract and purify enzymes from cultures of moulds such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopus Mould enzymes such as amylase, invertase, protease, and pectinase are useful in the processing or refining of a variety of materials Amylases hydrolyse starch to dextrin and sugars They are used in preparing sizes and adhesives, desizing... clarifying fruit juices, manufacturing pharmaceuticals and other purposes Invertase hydrolyses sucrose to form glucose and fructose (invert sugar) It is widely used in candy making and the production of non-crystallizable Filter Cane molasses Mixing and cooking Beet molasses Finished mash storage Nutrients Stock inoculum Large scale fermenter Packaging and cool storage Filter press Centrifuge FIG 1.2 Commercial . class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY PRELIMS.qxd 10/27/2006 10:54 AM Page i This page intentionally left blank BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY GHASEM D institutes and postgraduates involved in practical research in biochemical engineering and biotechnology. This book has suitable biological science applications in biochemical engineering and the. new products. Genetic engineering and gene mounting has been devel- oped in the enhancement of industrial fermentation. Finally, application of biochemical engineering in biotechnology has become