CHA PTE R 13 In this chapter, you will learn: • How to approach and solve a computer problem related to hardware, especially when the problem occurs during the boot • How to troubleshoot problems with the electrical system • How to troubleshoot problems that occur during POST before video is active • How to troubleshoot error messages that occur during the POST Troubleshooting Hardware Problems I n the first chapters of this book, you have learned much about the hardware components of a system, including features and characteristics of the power supply, motherboard, processor, RAM, hard drive, I/O devices, and storage devices You’ve learned how to select, install, and configure each device This chapter focuses on troubleshooting these various hardware subsystems and components I’ve gathered troubleshooting techniques and procedures into a single chapter so you can get the full picture of what it’s like to have the tools and knowledge in hand to solve any computer hardware-related problem By the end of this chapter, you should feel confident that you can face a problem with hardware and understand how to zero in on the source of the problem and its solution The best support technicians are good at preventing a problem from happening in the first place, so in this chapter, you’ll learn some tips for protecting a computer from damage We begin the chapter with a general strategy for facing a computer problem and a strategy for quickly isolating the source of a problem related to booting up a computer Then we tackle the problems and solutions for each major hardware component and subsystem • How to troubleshoot problems with the motherboard, processor, and RAM • How to troubleshoot hard drive problems • How to troubleshoot problems with the monitor and video • About protecting a computer and the environment 601 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 602 C H A P T ER Troubleshooting Hardware Problems HOW TO APPROACH A HARDWARE PROBLEM A+ 220-802 When an end user brings any computer problem to you, begin the troubleshooting process by interviewing the user When you interview the user, you might want to include these questions: 4.2 Can you describe the problem and describe when the problem first started and when it occurs? Was the computer recently moved? Was any new hardware or software recently installed? Was any software recently reconfigured or upgraded? Did someone else use your computer recently? Does the computer have a history of similar problems? Is there important data on the drive that is not backed up? Can you show me how to reproduce the problem? After you gather this basic information, you can prioritize what to and begin diagnosing and addressing the problem If the computer will not start or starts with errors so that you cannot reach the Windows desktop, setting priorities helps focus your work For most users, data is the first priority unless they have a recent backup A good PC technician builds over time a strong network of resources he or she can count on when solving computer problems Here are some resources to help you get started with your own list of reliable and time-tested sources of help: User manuals often list error messages and their meanings They also might contain a troubleshooting section and list any diagnostic tools available The web can also help you diagnose computer problems Go to the web site of the product manufacturer, and search for a support forum It’s likely that others have encountered the same problem and posted the question and answer If you search and cannot find your answer, you can post a new question Use a search engine such as www.google.com to search for the error, the hardware device, the problem, the technology used, and other keywords that can help you find useful information Youtube.com videos might help Many technicians enjoy sharing what they know online, and the web can be a rich source of all kinds of technical information and advice Be careful, however Not all technical advice is correct or well intentioned Chat, telephone, or email technical support from the hardware and software manufacturers can help you interpret an error message, or it can provide general support in diagnosing a problem Most technical support is available during working hours by way of an online chat session Manufacturer’s diagnostic software is available for download from the web sites of many hardware device manufacturers For example, you can download SeaTools for Windows (must be installed in Windows) or SeaTools for DOS (used to create a bootable CD that contains the software) and use the software to diagnose problems with Seagate and Maxtor drives See Figure 13-1 Search the support section of a manufacturer’s web site to find diagnostic software and guidelines for using it Notes Always check compatibility between utility software and the operating system with which you plan to use it Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it How to Approach a Hardware Problem 603 A+ 220-802 4.2 Source: Seagate at www.seagate.com Figure 13-1 Download diagnostic software from a manufacturer’s web site Technical associates in your organization can help Be sure to ask for advice when you’re stuck Also, after making a reasonable and diligent effort to resolve a problem, getting the problem fixed could become more important than resolving it yourself There comes a time when you might need to turn the problem over to a more experienced technician (In an organization, this process is called escalating the problem.) Most PC problems are simple and can be simply solved, but you need a game plan That’s how Figure 13-2 can help The flowchart focuses on problems that affect the boot As we work our way through it, you’re eliminating one major computer subsystem after another until you zero in on the problem After you’ve discovered the problem, many times the solution is obvious As Figure 13-2 indicates, troubleshooting a computer problem is divided into problems that occur during the boot and those that occur after the Windows desktop has successfully loaded Problems that occur during the boot might happen before Windows starts to load or during Windows startup Read the flowchart in Figure 13-2 very carefully to get an idea of the symptoms you might be faced with that would cause you to suspect each subsystem Also, Table 13-1 can help as a general guideline for the primary symptoms and what are likely to be the sources of a problem A+ Exam Tip The A+ 220-802 exam might give you a symptom and expect you to select a probable source of a problem from a list of sources These examples of what can go wrong can help you connect problem sources to symptoms Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 13 604 C H A P T ER Troubleshooting Hardware Problems A+ 220-802 Begin troubleshooting startup 4.2 Does the PC boot to the Windows desktop with no errors? Yes No Problems after the boot are not covered in this flowchart Is important data on the hard drive backed up? Yes Move the hard drive to another computer and recover the data Is the screen blank? Yes No Can you hear a spinning drive or fans or see lights? No Yes Do you understand the error message on-screen? Yes See the section, “Troubleshooting the Electrical System.” No See the section,“Troubleshooting Error Messages During the Boot.” Can you hear a single beep during the boot? Has POST completed and BIOS is now attempting to find a boot device? NoYes See the section, “Troubleshooting POST Before Video Is Active.” No Yes See the section, “Troubleshooting Monitors and Video.” No See the section, “Troubleshooting the Motherboard, Processor, and RAM.” Is BIOS attempting to boot from a device other than the hard drive? Yes Go into BIOS setup and change the boot priority order Then restart the system No Does an error message indicate the system cannot find a boot device? Yes The problem is likely caused by Windows Troubleshooting Windows startup is covered in Chapter 14 No See the section, “Troubleshooting Hard Drives.” © Cengage Learning 2014 Figure 13-2 Use this flowchart when first facing a computer problem If the hard drive has important data on it that has not been backed up, your first priority is most likely to recover the data If a system won’t boot from the hard drive, consider removing the drive and installing it as a second drive in a working system If the file system on the problem drive is intact, you might be able to copy data from the drive to the primary drive in the working system Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it How to Approach a Hardware Problem 605 A+ 220-802 Symptom or Error Message What to Do About the Problem 4.2 The system shuts down unexpectedly Try to find out what was happening at the time of the shutdowns to zero in on an application or device causing the problem Possible sources of the problem are overheating or faulty RAM, motherboard, or processor Error messages appear on a blue screen called a blue screen of death (BSOD) Figure 13-3 shows an example of a BSOD error screen These Windows errors are caused by problems with devices, device drivers, or a corrupted Windows installation Begin troubleshooting by searching the Microsoft web site for the error message and a description of the problem Error messages on a black screen These error messages, such as the one shown in Figure 13-4, are most likely caused by an error at POST Begin by troubleshooting the device mentioned in the error message The system freezes or locks up If the system locks up immediately after a BSOD error screen, begin troubleshooting by investigating the error messages on the blue screen If the system freezes while still displaying the Windows desktop, the problem is most likely caused by Windows or an application POST code beeps Startup BIOS communicates POST errors as a series of beeps before it tests video Search the web site of the motherboard or BIOS manufacturer to know how to interpret a series of beep codes Blank screen when you first power up the computer, and no noise or indicator lights Is power getting to the system? If power is getting to the computer, address the problem as an electrical problem with the computer Make sure the power supply is good and power supply connectors are securely connected Blank screen when you first power up the computer, and you can hear the fans spinning and see indicator lights Troubleshoot the video subsystem Is the monitor turned on? Is the monitor data cable securely connected at both ends? Is the indicator light on the front of the monitor on? BIOS loses its time and date settings This problem happens when the CMOS battery fails Replace the battery The system attempts to boot to the wrong boot device Go into BIOS setup and change the boot device priority order Continuous reboots Continuous reboots can be caused by overheating, a failing processor, motherboard, or RAM, or a corrupted Windows installation Begin by checking the system for overheating Is the processor cooler fan working? Go to BIOS setup and check the temperature of the processor No power If you see no lights on the computer case and hear no spinning fans, make sure the surge protector or wall outlet has power Is the switch on the rear of the case on? Is the dual voltage selector switch set correctly? Are power supply connectors securely connected? Is the power supply bad? © Cengage Learning 2014 Table 13-1 Symptoms or error messages caused by hardware problems and what to about them (continues) Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 13 606 C H A P T ER Troubleshooting Hardware Problems A+ 220-802 Symptom or Error Message What to Do About the Problem 4.2 Fans spin but no power gets to other devices Begin by checking the power supply Are connectors securely connected? Use a power supply tester to check for correct voltage outputs Smoke or burning smell Consider this a serious electrical problem Immediately unplug the computer Loud whining noise Most likely the noise is made by the power supply or a failing hard drive There might be a short The power supply might be going bad or is underrated for the system Intermittent device failures Failures that come and go might be caused by overheating or failing RAM, the motherboard, processor, or hard drive Begin by checking the processor temperature for overheating Then check RAM for errors and run diagnostics on the hard drive © Cengage Learning 2014 Table 13-1 Symptoms or error messages caused by hardware problems and what to about them (continued) For more information, search the Microsoft web site on these two items Source: Microsoft Windows Figure 13-3 Search the Microsoft web site for information about a BSOD error To move the hard drive to a working computer, you don’t need to physically install the drive in the drive bay Open the computer case Carefully lay the drive on the case and connect a power cord and data cable (see Figure 13-5) Then turn on the PC While you have the PC turned on, be very careful to not touch the drive or touch inside the case Also, while a tower case is lying on its side like the one in Figure 13-5, don’t use the optical drive Start the computer and log onto Windows using an Administrator account (If you don’t sign in with an Administrator account, you must provide the password to an Administrator account before you can access the files on the newly connected hard drive.) When Windows finds the new drive, it assigns it a drive letter Use Windows Explorer to copy files from this drive to the primary hard drive in this system or to another storage media Then return the drive to the original system and turn your attention to solving the original problem Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it How to Approach a Hardware Problem 607 A+ 220-802 4.2 Figure 13-4 Source: Intel A POST error message on a black screen shown early in the boot 13 © Cengage Learning 2014 Figure 13-5 Move a hard drive to a working computer to recover data on the drive Notes An easier way to temporarily install a hard drive in a system is to use a USB port For a PATA hard drive, use a PATA-to-USB converter The converter kit in Figure 13-6 includes a converter for a PATA desktop and PATA laptop hard drive Figure 13-7 shows a SATA-to-USB converter kit The SATA connector can be used for desktop or laptop hard drives because a SATA connector is the same for both These ATA-to-USB converters are really handy when recovering data and troubleshooting problems with hard drives that refuse to boot Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 608 C H A P T ER Troubleshooting Hardware Problems A+ 220-802 4.2 © Cengage Learning 2014 Figure 13-6 Use an IDE-to-USB converter for diagnostic testing and to recover data from a failing PATA hard drive Figure 13-7 Use a USB-to-SATA converter to recover data from a drive using a SATA connector © Cengage Learning 2014 Now that you have a general idea as to how to troubleshoot hardware errors during the boot, you’re ready to look at how to troubleshoot each subsystem that is critical to booting up the computer We begin with the electrical system TROUBLESHOOTING THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Electrical problems can occur before or after the boot and can be consistent or intermittent Many times PC repair technicians don’t recognize the cause of a problem to be electrical because of the intermittent nature of some electrical problems In these situations, the hard drive, memory, the OS, or even user error might be suspected as the source of the problem and then systematically eliminated before the electrical system is suspected This section will help you to be aware of symptoms of electrical problems so that you can zero in on the source of an electrical problem as quickly as possible Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Troubleshooting the Electrical System A+ 220-802 4.2 APPLYING CONCEPTS 609 FOUR TROUBLESHOOTING RULES Here are four important rules that can help you solve many hardware problems: Rule 1: Check the Obvious and Check Simple Things First Check for obvious and simple solutions first Here are some tips: Is the external device plugged in and turned on? Are the data cable connections solid at both ends? Is there a wall light switch controlling the power, and is it turned on? Is the power strip you’re using plugged in and turned on? For expansion cards and memory modules, are they seated solidly in their slots? For sound, is the volume knob turned up? For video, is the monitor getting power, turned on, connected, and is the screen resolution correct? Consider the application using the device For example, if you are having problems trying to use a USB scanner, try scanning using a different application Rule 2: Trade Known Good for Suspected Bad When diagnosing hardware problems, this method works well if you can draw from a group of parts that you know work correctly Suppose, for example, video does not work The parts of the video subsystem are the video card, the power cord to the monitor, the cord from the monitor to the PC case, and the monitor itself Also, don’t forget that the video card is inserted into an expansion slot on the motherboard, and the monitor depends on electrical power As you suspect each of these five components to be bad, you can try them one at a time beginning with the easiest one to replace: the monitor Trade the monitor for one that you know works If this theory fails, trade the power cord, trade the cord to the PC video port, move the video card to a new slot, and trade the video card When you’re trading a good component for a suspected bad one, work methodically by eliminating one component at a time Rule 3: Trade Suspected Bad for Known Good An alternate approach works well in certain situations If you have a working computer that is configured similarly to the one you are troubleshooting (a common situation in many corporate or educational environments), rather than trading good for suspected bad, you can trade suspected bad for good Take each component that you suspect is bad and install it in the working computer If the component works on the good computer, then you have eliminated it as a suspect If the working computer breaks down, then you have probably identified the bad component Rule 4: Divide and Conquer Isolate the problem In the overall system, remove one hardware or software component after another, until the problem is isolated to a small part of the whole system As you divide a large problem into smaller components, you can analyze each component separately You can use one or more of the following to help you divide and conquer on your own system: In Windows, stop all nonessential services running in the background to eliminate them as the problem Boot from a bootable CD or DVD to eliminate the OS and startup files on the hard drive as the problem Remove any unnecessary hardware devices, such as a second video card, optical drive, and even the hard drive Once down to the essentials, start exchanging components you know are good for those you suspect are bad, until the problem goes away You don’t need to physically remove the optical drive or hard drive from the bays inside the case Simply disconnect the data cable and the power cable Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 13 610 A+ 220-802 4.2 C H A P T ER Troubleshooting Hardware Problems Your friend Sharon calls to ask for your help with a computer problem Her system has been working fine for over a year, but now strange things are happening Sometimes the system powers down for no apparent reason while she is working, and sometimes Windows locks up As you read this section, look for clues as to what the problem might be Also, as you read, think of questions to ask your friend that will help you APPLYING CONCEPTS Possible symptoms of a problem with the electrical system are: The PC appears “dead”—no indicator lights and no spinning drive or fan The PC sometimes locks up during booting After several tries, it boots successfully Error codes or beeps occur during booting, but they come and go You smell burnt parts or odors (Definitely not a good sign!) The PC powers down at unexpected times The PC appears dead except you hear a whine coming from the power supply Without opening the computer case, the following list contains some questions you can ask and things you can to solve a problem with the electrical system The rule of thumb is “try the simple things first.” Most PC problems have simple solutions If you smell any burnt parts or odors, don’t try to turn the system on Identify the component that is fried and replace it When you first plug up power to a system and hear a whine coming from the power supply, the power supply might be inadequate for the system or there might be a short Don’t press the power button to start up the system Unplug the power cord so that the power supply will not be damaged The next step is to open the case and search for a short If you don’t find a short, consider upgrading the power supply Is the power cord plugged in? If it is plugged into a power strip or surge suppressor, is the device turned on and also plugged in? Is the power outlet controlled by a wall switch? If so, is the switch turned on? Are any cable connections loose? Is the circuit breaker blown? Is the house circuit overloaded? Are all switches on the system turned on? Computer? Monitor? Surge suppressor or UPS (uninterruptible power supply)? Is there a possibility the system has overheated? If so, wait a while and try again If the system comes on, but later turns itself off, you might need additional cooling fans inside the unit How to solve problems with overheating is covered later in the chapter Older computers might be affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI) Check for sources of electrical or magnetic interference such as fluorescent lighting or an electric fan or copier sitting near the computer case The next step is to open the computer case and then the following: Video Boot Problem Turn off the computer, unplug it, press the power button to drain residual power, and open the case Check all power connections from the power supply to the motherboard and drives Also, some cases require the case’s front panel be in place before the power-on button will work Are all cards securely seated? Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1254 IN D E X Operating systems (continued) Windows 8, 1119 Windows 9x/ME, 1117 Windows NT and 2000, 1117 Windows Vista, 1118–1119 Windows XP, 1117–1118 Optical Carrier levels (OCx), 771 Optical drives and discs installation, 380–381 in notebooks, 963–964 overview, 149–150 standards for, 376–379 Optimizing Windows See Windows, optimizing Oracle, 283 Oracle Virtual Box, 156, 425 Oracle Virtual Box, 1041–1042, 1046 OS boot record, 663 OSI Model, in networking theory, 718 OS support by hardware, 537–538 Overclocking, 71, 150 Overheating problems, 613–619 Overwriting data, 897 P PaaS (Platform as a Service), 1040 Packet InterNet Groper (PING), 859 Packets, 702 Pagefile.sys, 446 Pairing, with Bluetooth devices, 1006 PAN (personal area network), 766 Paper See also Printers garbled characters on, 1108 impact, 1060 thermal, 1061 Paper shredder, 897 Parallel ATA (PATA) connectors, 142 Parallel ATA (PATA) drives installation of, 250–256 configuring, 252–253 jumper setting, 253–254 mounting, 254–256 overview, 250–252 interface standards for, 231–234 standard, 18, 20 Parallel ports, 5, 140, 1070–1072 Parity, 257 Parity errors, 205–206 Partitions description of, 461 factory recovery, 282–283 file systems and, 460–464 Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table system, 477 recovery, 930–932 resizing, creating, and deleting, 476–477 system versus boot, 661 Partition size, Windows, 287–288 Passcode locks, for mobile devices, 1020–1021, 1035–1036 Passwords power-on, 152–154 resetting, 882–883 strong, 883–884 waking up computers with, 881–882 PATA-to-USB converter, 607 Patch cable, 798 Patches, 100, 576–577 Patches, iTunes for, 1015–1016 Patch panel, 798 Path to the file, 92 P cable (68-pin SCSI connector), 238 PC Card, 937 PC-Doctor, 930 PCIe power connector, 16 PCIe video cards, 63 PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) expansion slots, 12 PCI Express bus standard, 939 PCI Express (PCIe) expansion slots, 13, 135–137 PCI Express standards, 964 PCI riser cards, 137 PCI-X expansion slots, 134–135 PCL (Printer Control Language), 1054, 1058 PCMCIA slots, notebook, 937–940 PC Power and Cooling, Inc., 76 PC service technician, 394 PC support technician, 394 PC support websites, 573 PC World, 396 Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, 288–290 Pentium processors, 176, 178–179 Performance, memory, 208–209 Performance improvement, Windows, 532–545 Aero interface disabling, 544–545 indexer disabling, 539–541 memory leak plugging, 541–542 OS support by hardware, 537–538 performance warnings, 538–539 problem history, 539 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX ReadyBoost, 542–544 routine maintenance for, 533 startup cleaning for, 533–537 Vista sidebar disabling, 545 Performance Monitor, Windows XP, 1157–1158 Performance monitoring, in Windows 7, 524–532 performance information and tools window, 524–527 Performance Monitor, 529–532 Reliability Monitor, 529 Resource Monitor, 527–528 Performance tab, Task Manager, 503 Peripheral devices, 342–352 barcode readers, 344–345 biometric devices, 345 digital cameras and camcorders, 346–347 graphics tablets, 348–349 KVM switches, 351–352 MIDI devices, 349–350 mouse or keyboard, 343–344 overview, 342–343 touch screens, 350–351 webcams, 347–348 Permissions advanced settings for, 851 assignment methods, 840–842 description of, 835 folder, 844 inherited, 842 NTFS, 842 share, 842, 848–849 virtual machines and, 1047 Personal area network (PAN), 766 Personal Computer Memory Card (PCMCIA), 937–940 Personalizing desktop, 89–90 Phenom processors (AMD), 181 Phishing, 899 Physical address, 703 Physical security, 895–897 Physical topology, of networks, 288 Pickup roller, in laser printers, 1057 PicoBTX form factor, 120 Ping (Packet InterNet Groper), 859 Pin grid array (PGA) socket, 122, 124 Pinning programs to taskbar, 88 PIO (Programmed Input/Output) transfer mode, 233 1255 Pixel pitch, of monitors, 363 Pixels, 90, 360, 639 Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), 784 Plasma monitor, 361 Platform as a Service (PaaS), 1040 Plex Media Center, 427 Pliers, 34 Plug and Play devices, 334 PoE (Power over Ethernet), 782–783 Pointing stick, on notebooks, 934 Point-to-Point (PTP) connections, 774 POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3), 720 Pop-up blocker, 820, 916 Port addresses, 702, 705 Port filtering, 749 Port forwarding, 748–752 Port number, 705 Port replicators, in notebooks, 946–948 Ports and wireless connections, 336–342 Firewire, 338–340 infrared, 340–341 notebook, 940 on-board, 140–142 overview, 2–3 USB, 337–338 Port triggering, 748–752 Positive wires, 65 POST (power-on self test), 659 POST before video active, 619 POST diagnostic cards, 35–37 Post Office Protocol, version (POP3), 720 PostScript commands, for printers, 1054, 1058 POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service), 784 Power ATX form factor, 10–12 locking workstation, 880–881 notebook, 941–946 notebook problems with, 983–984 overview, 8–9 power supply tester, 34, 37 as rectifier and transformer, 25 removing, 55–59 selecting, 73–77 surges in, 647 troubleshooting, 611–612, 683 Powering down, 47 Power-on passwords, 152–153 Power over Ethernet (PoE), 782–783 PowerPoint software, 371 Power Users group, 838 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1256 IN D E X Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE), 321 Presentation virtualization, 1041 Preventive maintenance, 648–649 Primary partitions, 461 Principle of least privilege, 836 Printer Control Language (PCL), 1054, 1058 Printers, 309, 1053–1114 cleaning, 1082–1084 impact, 1060–1061 inkjet, 1058–1060 languages of, 1054 laser, 1055–1058 maintenance kits for, 1084–1089 online support for, 1080–1082 servers and print management tool, 1091–1094 thermal, 1061–1063 troubleshooting, 1094–1109 applications problems, 1104–1106 connectivity problems in network printers, 1098–1100 hardware problems, 1095–1098 local cable or port problems, 1098 quality problems, 1106–1109 Windows problems, 1100–1104 upgrading memory or hard drive of, 1089–1091 Windows for, 1063–1080 installing local printer with Windows XP, 1068–1070 installing network printer with Windows XP, 1073–1074 installing with parallel port, 1070–1072 installing with Windows 7/Vista, 1065–1068 managing printers and add-on devices, 1077–1079 overview, 1063–1065 printer queue, 1079–1080 sharing printers, 1074–1077 Print head, in inkjet printers, 1058 Print spooler, 1079, 1100 Privacy filters, 896 Privacy tab, Internet Explorer, 820 Private IP addresses, 711–712 Problem Reports and Solutions window, 584 Process, in shell, 497 Processes tab, Task Manager, 500–502 Process Explorer (Russinovich), 912, 918 Process Library, Uniblue Systems Limited, 908 Processors, 173–198 See also Memory AMD, 181–182 cooling assemblies for, 57 graphics, 423 hardware-assisted virtualization and, 1044 hybrid, 276 installing, 183–198 AMD in Socket AM2+, 195–198 Intel in Socket LGA775, 193–195 Intel in Socket LGA1155, 183–192 Intel in Socket LGA1366, 192–193 Intel, 178–181 matching system needs with, 182–183 mobile, 967 notebook replacement, 967–969 operations of, 176–178 overview, 6, 174–176 sockets for, 120–125 speed of, 150 troubleshooting capacitor failure, 629 Device Manager to delete Driver Store, 627–628 installations, 629–632 overview, 622–625 Windows Memory Diagnostics tool, 625–627 Product activation, 306 Professional, Windows 7, 274 Program files, 439 Programmed Input/Output (PIO) transfer mode, 233 Programs and Features window, 316 Programs tab, Internet Explorer, 822–823 Prohibited content and activity, 420–421 Projector technologies, 361, 371 Propagation, permission, 842 Protocols connectionless or best-effort, 719 connection-oriented, 718 overview, 130, 702 TCP/IP, 719–723 in TCP/IP network layers, 717–723 tunneling, 712–713 Proxy server, 820 Proxy settings, Internet Explorer, 820–822 PS/2 ports, 140 PS/2j ports, PSU (power supply unit), P2P (peer-to-peer) networks, 288–290 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX PTP (Point-to-Point) connections, 774 Public IP addresses, 711–712 Public network, 298 Pull automation, 322 Punchdown tool, 797 Push automation, 322 PWM (pulse width modulation), 68–69 PXE (Preboot eXecution Environment), 321 Q QoS (Quality of Service) feature, 749, 782, 832–835 Quad channel DIMMs, 201, 203, 208 Quadro graphics processors, 423 Quarantining infected systems, 902 Queue, printer, 1079–1080 Quick format, 477 QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) technology, 127–128, 150 R Radio frequency (RF), 753 Radeon graphics processors (AMD), 426 RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks) See also Hardware RAID overview, 482–483 RAID volumes, 257 RAID 1+0, 258 Rails, in power supplies, 74 RAM (random access memory) See also Memory cooling, 71 overview, troubleshooting capacitor failure, 629 Device Manager to delete Driver Store, 627–628 installations, 629–632 overview, 622–625 Windows Memory Diagnostics tool, 625–627 Rambus, Inc., 199, 207 RAS (row access strobe) latency, 207 Raster lines, 1054 Raw data, printing, 1054 RD (remove directory) command, 468–469 RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol), 722 RDRAM (direct Rambus DRAM), 207 Read-only files, 99 1257 Read/write head, on magnetic hard drive, 227–228 ReadyBoost, 542–544 ReadyDrive technology, 228 Reassembling computers, 60–67 Receptacle tester, 26–27 recover command, 470 Recovery Console, 1163–1165 Recovery image, 688 Recovery partition and CDs, 930–932 Recovery software, 34 Rectifier, 25 Refresh rate, of monitors, 363 Registered DIMMs (RFU), 206–207 Registered jack-45 (RJ-45) port, 778, 780, 789, 797 Registers, 177 Registry cleaning, 908–909 deleting entries to, 548–549 Last Known Good Configuration in, 671–672 overview, 439 startup and logon event affected by, 550–551 Registry Editor, 519–524 Regsvr32_ utility, 591 Reinstalling Windows, 689–690 Reliability and Performance Monitor, 1131–1132 Reliability Monitor, 529, 585 Remote Admin share, 855 RemoteApp and Desktop Connection, 830 Remote applications, 829–830 Remote Assistance utilities, 722 Remote Desktop, 824–829 Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), 722 Remote Desktop Services, 829 Remote network installation, 322 Remote wipes, for mobile devices, 1021–1022, 1036 ren (rename) command, 469 Repair tools, 33–41 cleaning pads and solutions, 39–40 lifting heavy objects, 40–41 loopback plugs, 37–38 multimeter, 37 POST diagnostic cards, 35–37 power supply tester, 37 Research in Motion (RIM), 992, 1121 Residual power, 47 Resistive touch screen, 1002 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1258 IN D E X Resolution, of monitors, 363 Resource Monitor, 527–528 Restore points, 458–460, 907, 1129, 1153 REt (Resolution Enhancement technology), 1057 Retail media, high touch deployment with, 319–320 Retinal scanning, 895 Reverse lookup, 860 RexATX form factor, 119 RF (radio frequency), 753 RFC (Request for Comment) on Internet standards, 712 RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tokens, 894 RFU (registered DIMMs), 206–207 RGB ports, 366 RG-6 coaxial cable, 790 RG-59 coaxial cable, 790 Ribbon cables, PATA, 232–233 RIM (Research in Motion), 992, 1121 RIMM memory modules description of, 199 installing, 215–216, 219–220 motherboard slots for, 207–208 Ring networks, 766 Riser cards, 137 RJ-11 jacks, 784 RJ-11 port, RJ-45 port, 3, 778, 780, 789, 797 RL rating, 208 robocopy (Robust File Copy) command, 471 Roku.com, 427 ROM (read-only) memory chip, 35 Root directory, 90 Rooting, Android devices and, 1038 Rootkits, 900, 913 Rosewill, Inc., 76 Router, 703 See also SOHO (small office home office) router RSA tokens, smart card as, 893 Russinovich, Mark, 912 S SaaS (Software as a Service), 1040 Safe Mode application issues and, 586 endless shutdowns and, 580 startup problem diagnosing in, 533–534 in Windows startup troubleshooting, 668–670 Sags (voltage reductions), 647 Samsung, 992, 1001, 1121 Samsung Corp., 241, 974 Sandy Bridge chipsets, 128–129 S1 state, in power saving, 946 S2 state, in power saving, 946 S3 state, in power saving, 946 S4 state, in power saving, 946 S5 state, in power saving, 946 SATA power connector, 18 SATA-to-USB converter kit, 694–695 Satellite Internet connection, 774 Satellite TV input, 428 SC (subscriber or standard connector) connectors, 791 Scanstate command, in USMT, 322 Screen errors, 574–580 memory diagnostics, 577–579 overview, 574–576 System File Checker, 579–580 32-bit and 64-bit patches, 576–577 Screen orientation, in mobile devices, 1004 Screen resolution, 90, 569 Screens, blank, 683 Screwdrivers, 34 SCSI technology, 142, 236–240 SD (Secure Digital) cards, 383 SDK (Android Software Development Kit), 995 SDRAM (synchronous DRAM), 201 SD slot, 925 Seagate Corp., 154, 241 Search box, 85 Search engines, 111, 567–568 Secondary logon, 592 Sectors, in clusters, 442, 460 Sectors, on read/write head, 228 Secure data-destruction service, 897 Secure Digital (SD) cards, 383 Secure Erase utility, 649, 897 Secure FTP (SFTP), 722 Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, 721 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 719 Security, 877–923 adware and spyware removal software, 905–906 for Android operating system, 1035–1037 antivirus software, 902–905 for Apple iOS, 1020–1022 authenticating users with Windows, 878–884 biometric data, 895 BIOS features, 892 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX Bitlocker Encryption, 891–892 boot block repair, 914 data destruction, 897–898 encryption of files and folders, 884–885 firewall settings, 885–888 Group Policy for local, 888–891 malware categories of, 900 cleanup of, 907–909 processes of, 910–912 protection from, 914–918 symptoms of, 901–902 physical, 895–897 quarantining infected systems, 902 restore point purging, 907 rootkit removal, 913 smart cards, 893–894 System Protection, 914 user education in, 898–900 for virtual machines, 1046–1047 for Windows Vista, 1137–1141 for Windows XP, 1172–1173 Security log, in Event Viewer, 515 Security tab, Internet Explorer, 818–819 Self-grounding, 32 Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.), 228 Self-test page, printer, 1095 Sempron processors (AMD), 181 Separation pad, in laser printers, 1057 Sequential access, in tape drives, 264 Serial ATA (SATA) drives connectors, 142 installation of, 241–250 documentation, 243–244 overview, 241–243 process of, 244–248 in removable bay, 248–249 starting point for, 243 in wide bay, 249–250 interface standards for, 18, 234–236 Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO), 234 Serial ports, 4, 140 Servers, printer, 1091–1094 Server-side virtualization, 1039–1040 Service Control Manager, 664 Service manuals, 927–929, 960 Service packs, 100, 307–308 Services console, 510–511 Service Set Identifier (SSID), 730, 755 1259 Services tab, Task Manager, 502–503 Setup BIOS (basic input/output system), 279 Setup log, in Event Viewer, 515 SFC (System File Checker), 579–580, 586 Share permissions, 842, 848–849 Sharing printers, 1074–1077 Sharing Wizard, 841 Sheet battery, 941 Shell, OS portion as, 1121 Shell versus kernel, in Windows, 496–497 Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cabling, 789–790 Shortcut icons, 86 Short Message Service (SMS), 1000 Shoulder surfing, 898 shutdown command, 475 Shutdowns, improper, 580–582 Sidebar, Windows Vista, 88, 545, 1118 Silverstone, Inc., 76 SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card, 734, 775, 1002–1003 SIMM (single inline memory module), 199–200 Simple file sharing, in Windows XP, 1169–1170 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 719 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), 722 Simple volumes, 481 Single channel DIMMs, 201, 208 Single link or dual link DVI transmissions, 366 SiS chipset, 126, 129 Site license, 420 Slack (wasted free space), 442 Sleep mode, 638, 943, 946, 1074 Sleep timers, for notebooks, 943 SLI method, for multiple video cards, 129 Sling Media, 429 Slot drivers, updating, 940 Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) technology, 236–240 S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology), 228 Smart cards, 893–894, 1033–1034 Smartphones, 1000, 1119 See also Mobile devices SMB (Server Message Block), 720 SMS (Short Message Service), 1000 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 719 SMTP AUTH (SMTP Authentication), 719 SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), 722 Social engineering, 898 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1260 IN D E X Sockets, 120–125, 705 See also Processors SO-DIMM (small outline DIMM), 199, 950–951, 978, 980 Soft boot, hard boot vs., 658–659 Software as a Service (SaaS), 1040 Software Explorer, 509, 1130 Software license, 420 Software piracy, 420 Software RAID, 258, 482–483 Software removal, from Windows, 546–551 SOHO (small office home office) router functions of, 742–743 installation of, 744–756 overview, 744–748 port forwarding, port triggering, and DMZ, 748–752 wireless network with, 752–756 Solid state devices (SSD), 226, 228, 382–385, 1003 SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), 772 Sony, Inc., 931, 992, 1121 SO-RIMM (small outline RIMM) memory, 950 Sound cards, 357–358 Sound ports, 140 South Bridge, in Intel Accelerated Hub Architecture, 126 Spacers, for motherboard, 56 Spanning (JBOD, just a bunch of disks), 257 S/PDIF (Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format), 358 S/PDIF (Sony-Philips Digital Interface) sound port, Speed See also Ethernet clock, 174 processor, 174 spindle, 240 USB connection, 337 wireless connection, 336 SpeedFan, Alfredo Comparetti, 151 SPI Firewall Protection, 749 Spindle speed, 240 Spooling, in printer queue, 1079, 1100 SPP (Standard Parallel Port), 1071 Spyware, 900, 905–906 SQLite database, 993 SRAM (static RAM), 176, 201 SSD (solid state device), 1003 SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, 721 SSID (Service Set Identifier), 730, 755 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 719 Staggered pin grid array (SPGA) socket, 123 Standard account, 106 Standard image, 1175–1184 high touch deployment with, 320 install Windows AIK on technician computer, 1176 create bootable USB flash drive, 1176–1179 install Windows on reference computer, 1179 clean image on reference computer, 1180–1181 generalize image on reference computer, 1181 capture image on reference computer, 1182 prepare second UFD on technician computer, 1183 Standard Parallel Port (SPP), 1071 Standard user account, 836 Standby memory, 527 Standby mode, for notebooks, 943 Standoffs, for motherboard, 56 Star networks, 767 StarTech.com, 36 Starter, Windows 7, 274 Start menu, 83–85 Startup BIOS (basic input/output system) boot control by, 279, 659–660 computer start by, 36 troubleshooting, 684–686 Startup cleaning for performance improvement, 533–537 Startup problems See Windows troubleshooting, startup Startup process entry points, 1199–1203 Startup programs, 534–537 Stateful packet inspection (SPI), 749 Static electricity, 29–33, 46, 123 Static IP addresses, 706, 717, 1105 Static RAM (SRAM), 176, 201 Static shielding bags, 31 ST (straight tip) connectors, 791 Storage file systems of, 374–375 in mobile devices, 1002–1003 network-attached, 1040 optical drive and disc standards, 376–379 optical drive installation, 380–381 solid state, 382–385 STP (shielded twisted-pair) cabling, 789–790 Straight-through cable, 798, 801–804 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX Striped volume (RAID 0), 257 Striping, in RAID 0, 482–483 Stylus, for graphics tablet, 348 Subdirectories, 90 Subnet ID, 714 Subnet mask, 709–711 Subnets, 705, 709–711 Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card, 734, 775 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, 1002–1003 SugarSync app, 1031 Sunus Suntek, Inc., 76 Super Micro Computer, Inc., 144 SuperSpeed USB 3.0 devices, 337–338 Super-Video (S-Video) ports, 366 Surge protectors, 647 Surge suppresser, 24 Surround sound, 428 Suspend mode, for notebooks, 943 S-Video (Super-Video) ports, 3, 366 Switches and hubs, 784–786 Symantec Corp., 320 Symbian Foundation, 992, 1121 Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), 201 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), 772 Syncing Android, 1031–1033 files, 97 iCloud for, 1017–1019 iTunes for, 1012–1015 System BIOS (basic input/output system), 36, 279 System board, System clock, 132 System Configuration utility, 506–509 System File Checker (SFC), 579–580, 586 System Image Recovery, 678 System Information window, 101–102 System log, in Event Viewer, 515 System Monitor, 532 System partitions, 462, 661 System Preparation utility See Standard image System Protection, 457, 914 System Restore, 458–460, 586, 669, 677–678, 1129, 1152 Systems Properties, Windows XP, 1149 Systems Protection, 1129 System state data, in Windows XP, 1153–1154 System tray, 87–88 1261 System verification for Windows installation, 277–280 System window, 100–101 T Table, partition, 461 Tablets See Mobile devices Tailgating, 898 Tape drives, 264–266 Taskbar, 87–88 Taskkill command, 587 Task Manager, 498–505 Applications tab, 499–500 malware processes found by, 910–911 Networking tab, 504 overview, 498–499 Performance tab, 503 Processes tab, 500–502 Services tab, 502–503 Users tab, 504–505 Windows XP, 1157 Task Scheduler, 517–518, 536 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), 718 TCP/IP Fundamentals for Microsoft Windows, 714 TCP/IP networks, 702–723 character-based names in, 715–717 IP address assignment, 706–707 IPv4 IP address use, 707–712 IPv6 IP address use, 712–714 layers in, 702–706 protocol layers in, 717–723 TCP/IP utilities, for network troubleshooting, 858–863, 868–871 Technical Committee T13, 230 Technical retail associate, 394 TechSmith.com, 347, 424 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), 799 Telnet protocol, 720 Temperature monitoring, 151 Teredo tunneling protocol, 712–713 Terminal Services, 829 Terminating resistor, 238 Tethering, for mobile devices, 1029 Tethering cellphone to computer, 734, 736, 777 T568A standard, 799 T568B standard, 799, 801–804 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1262 IN D E X T568B wiring, 801–804 Theft-prevention plate, 897 Thermal compound, 68–69, 188, 196 Thermal printers, 1061–1063 Thermaltake, Inc., 68, 76 Thermal transfer printers, 1062 Thick client and thin client, 430–431, 787, 1040 Thread, 175, 497 Thunderbolt port, TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association), 799 Ticket record, 397 TLS (Transport Layer Security), 719 Toner probe, 795–796 Toner vacuum, for printers, 1082 Topology, network, 766 Torvalds, Linus, 1120 Torx screwdriver set, 34 Toshiba, 994, 1033 TouchFLO technology (High Tech Computer), 1002 Touch interface, on mobile devices, 1002 Touchpad, notebook, 934, 961–963 Touch screens, 350–351 Tower case, TPM (Trusted Platform Module) chip, 154–156, 891 Tracert (trace route) command, 861–862 Traces, on motherboards, 130 TrackPoint, on notebooks, 934 Tracks, on read/write head, 228 Tractor feeds, in dot matrix printers, 1060 Transfer belt, in laser printers, 1057 Transformer, 25 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) See TCP/IP networks Transport Layer Security (TLS), 719 Trip hazards, 40 Triple channel DIMMs, 201–202, 208 Trojans, 900 Troubleshooting See also Hardware troubleshooting; Windows troubleshooting; Windows troubleshooting, startup Android operating system, 1038 Apple iOS, 1022–1025 disk management for, 483–484 networks cable tester, 856–857 connectivity problems, 864–867 Internet connectivity problems, 867–868 loopback plug, 857 TCP/IP utilities for, 858–863, 868–871 wireless locator, 858 notebooks, 981–986 display, 984–985 power or battery problems, 983–984 video flickering or dim, 985–986 Windows logon, 981 wireless connectivity, 981–983 printers applications problems, 1104–1106 connectivity problems in network printers, 1098–1100 hardware problems, 1095–1098 local cable or port problems, 1098 quality problems, 1106–1109 Windows problems, 1100–1104 shared files and folders, 1136–1137 twisted-pair cables and connectors, 807–808 Windows XP Automated System Recovery backup, 1165 emergency repair disk, 1161–1163 Recovery Console, 1163–1165 start up process, 1158–1161 True Image (Acronis), 320 Trusted Platform Module (TMP) chip, 891 Tunneling protocols, 712–713 Turion processors (AMD), 181 TV tuner, 358–359 Tweezers, 34 Twisted-pair cables and connectors, 798–808 crosstalk reduced by, 784 for Ethernet, 789 keystone jack wiring, 805–806 overview, 798–801 straight-through cable with T568B wiring, 801–804 troubleshooting, 807–808 U UAC (User Account Control), 106–108, 1124, 1149 UDF (Universal Disk Format), 376, 464 UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 719 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), 660 UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) Boot, 148–149 UFD (USB flash drive) See Standard image Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX Ultimate, Windows 7, 274 Unattended installation, 321 Uniblue Systems Limited, 908 Unicast addresses, 713 Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), 660 Uninstall routines, 546 Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), 647–648 Unique local unicast addresses (ULA), 713 Universal Disc Format (UDF) file system, 464 University of Helsinki (Finland), 1120 Unix OS, 1119 Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling, 789 Updates, Windows, 438 Upgrade paths, 286 Upgrade retail license, 275–276 Upgrading memory, 209–220 module installation, 218–220 modules currently installed, 211–212 module selection and purchase, 216–218 motherboard slots for, 212–216 needed versus installed, 209–210 U.S Copyright Office, 999 USB device, Android backup to, 1033–1034 USB flash drive (UFD) See Standard image USB Implementers Forum, 337 USB 3.0 Micro-B connectors, 338 USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports broadband modem, 735–736 connections, 337 on motherboards, 140, 142 overview, 4, 230 USB loopback tester for, 37 Windows installation fileson, 281 wireless connections and, 337–338 USB-to-SATA converter, 608 User Account Control (UAC), 106–108, 1124, 1149 User accounts, 317–318, 836–839 User authentication, 891–892 User data, backing up, 451–457 User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 719 User interface, 82–83 User mode, 496 User profile namespace, 439 Users group, 837 Users tab, Task Manager, 504–505 User State Migration Tool (USMT), 318, 320–323 UTP (unshielded twisted-pair) cabling, 789 1263 V Vantec PCI fan card, 70 VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure), 430, 1039 VDSL (very-high-bit-rate DSL), 771 VeriSign, 894 Verizon, Inc., 734, 774, 778 VGA mode resolution, 642–643 VGA (video graphics array) port, 3, 365 VIA chipset, 126, 129 Video See also Monitors audio and video editing workstation, 424–425 low-resolution, 671 memory for, ports for, 140 POST before active, 619 troubleshooting notebook, 985–986 Windows installation and, 309 Video capture cards, 358–359 Video cards for graphics workstation, 423 latches for, 54 PCIe x 16, 15–16 power needs for, 75 support for multiple, 63 in video subsystem, 364–369 Video conferencing, 774 Video subsystem memory, 372–374 monitor, 360–364 monitor settings, 369–371 Viewsonic ViewPad7, 1001 VirtualBox (Oracle), 283 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI), 430, 1039 Virtualization, 1038–1047 client-side, 1040–1041 hardware requirements, 1043–1046 hypervisors, 1042–1043 overview, 156–157 processor support for, 176 server-side, 1039–1040 virtualization server, 430–431 virtual machines (VMs) disk management for, 484 Mac OS and, 1119–1120 overview, 156 security for, 1046–1047 Windows installation and, 283–286 workstation for, 425–426 Virtual machine manager (VMM), 1041 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1264 IN D E X Virtual memory paging file, 446–448 Virtual PC (Microsoft), 283–284 Virus definitions, 903 Virus encyclopedias, 908 Viruses, 586, 900 Virus signatures, 903 Vista Printers window, 1065 Vista Security Center, 916 See also Windows Vista Vista sidebar, 88, 545, 1118 See also Windows Vista VMM (virtual machine manager), 1041 VMware, 283, 1042 VoIP (voice over Internet protocol), 774, 787 Volatile memory, 176 Voltage, 24–25, 151 Voltage reductions (sags), 647 Volume control, 88 Volumes creating, 479 dynamic, 481 on hard drive, 90 partition, 287 as primary partitions, 461 simple, 481 striped, 482 VPN connections, 822 V Series processors (AMD), 181 W Wait state, 132 Wake-on LAN (WoL), 781, 831–832 Wake-on LAN feature, 1074 WAN (wide area network), 766, 775–778 Warranties, 611, 926–927, 952 Wattage ratings, for power supplies, 24, 74–77 Web, Windows support on, 110–112 See also Internet; Networks Webcams, 347–348 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) security, 754 Western Digital, 241, 449 Wide area network (WAN), 766 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), 752 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security, 755 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2) security, 755 Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), 755 Wildcard characters in commands, 466 WiMAX connection, 774–775 Windows See also Networks GDI (Graphics Device Interface) of, 1054 for printer installation and management, 1063–1080 managing printers and add-on devices, 1077–1079 network printer with Windows XP, 1073–1074 overview, 1063–1065 parallel port, 1070–1072 printer queue, 1079–1080 sharing printers, 1074–1077 Windows 7/Vista, 1065–1068 Windows XP, 1068–1070 printer problems with, 1100–1104 Windows, Disk Management utility in, 248, 258 Windows, installing, 273–328 activation, 306–307 administrator account, 288 application installation, 316–317 automatic updates, 308–309 checklist for, 291–293 clean install, 286–287, 299–302 dual boot, 286–287, 299–302 features turned on or off, 318–319 hardware installation, 309–316 in large enterprises, 319–323 in-place upgrade, 286–287, 293–298 network access verification, 305–306 network configuration, 288–291 partition size, 287–288 special considerations, 281–286 system verification, 277–280 updates and service packs, 307–308 upgrade DVD on new hard drive, 302–304 user account setup, 317–318 Windows edition, license, and version, 273–277 Windows, maintaining, 437–493 backup procedures, 448–460 disaster recovery planning, 449–450 system files, 457–460 user data, 451–457 Windows volume, 450–451 disk management for hard drives, 475–484 first use of, 477–479 mounting, 479–481 partition resizing, creating, and deleting, 476–477 for troubleshooting, 483–484 Windows dynamic disk, 481–483 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX file and folder management commands, 464–475 CD (change directory), 468 chkdsk (Check Disk), 471–473 copy, 469–470 defrag, 473 del (erase), 469 dir, 466–467 filenaming conventions, 465–466 format, 473–474 help, 466 MD (make directory), 467 RD (remove directory), 468–469 recover, 470 ren (rename), 469 robocopy (Robust File Copy), 471 shutdown, 475 wildcard characters in, 466 xcopy, 470–471 hard drive cleanup, 438–448 defragging, 441–444 directory structures, 438–440 disk cleanup utility, 440–441 error checking, 444–445 free up space on, 445 virtual memory paging file, 446–448 language settings, 485–489 partitions and file systems, 460–464 verifying critical settings, 438 Windows, optimizing, 495–555 Administrative tools, 505–506 application management, 497–498 Computer Management, 511 Event Viewer, 513–517 Microsoft Management Console (MMC), 511–513 performance improvement, 532–545 Aero interface disabling, 544–545 indexer disabling, 539–541 memory leak plugging, 541–542 OS support by hardware, 537–538 performance warnings, 538–539 problem history, 539 ReadyBoost, 542–544 routine maintenance for, 533 startup cleaning for, 533–537 Vista sidebar disabling, 545 performance monitoring in Windows 7, 524–532 performance information and tools window, 524–527 1265 Performance Monitor, 529–532 Reliability Monitor, 529 Resource Monitor, 527–528 Registry Editor, 519–524 Services console, 510–511 shell versus kernel, 496–497 software removal, 546–551 System Configuration utility, 506–509 Task Manager, 498–505 Applications tab, 499–500 Netwoking tab, 504 overview, 498–499 Performance tab, 503 Processes tab, 500–502 Services tab, 502–503 Users tab, 504–505 Task Scheduler, 517–518 Windows Automated Installation Kit (AIK), 320, 322–323 See also Standard image Windows Boot Loader (WinLoad.exe), 663 Windows Boot Manager (BootMgr) program, 662 Windows Defender, 906 Windows Display Driver Model, 372 Windows dynamic disk, 481–483 Windows Easy Transfer, 318 Windows 8, 273, 1119 Windows Experience Index, 101 Windows Explorer, 90–100 applications launched from, 85–86 attributes for files and folders, 98–99 copying, moving, renaming, or deleting files and folders, 97–98 file creating, 96 files and directories, 90–92 folder creating, 97 folder structure, 92–93 settings and folder options, 95–96 Windows libraries, 94 Windows Firewall, 836, 1137–1141, 1172–1173 Windows Help and Support utility, 110–112 Windows logon, 981 Windows Media Center, 427 Windows Memory Diagnostics tool, 625–627 Windows 9x/ME, 1117 Windows NT and 2000, 1117 Windows operating system, 81–115 Action Center, 103–105 Control Panel, 102–103 desktop, 83–90 Aero user interface, 83 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it 1266 IN D E X Windows operating system (continued) application launching, 85–89 personalizing, 89–90 start menu, 83–84 Network and Sharing Center, 108–110 overview, 82–83 System Information window, 101–102 system window, 100–101 User Account Control (UAC) dialog box, 106–108 Windows Explorer, 90–100 attributes for files and folders, 98–99 copying, moving, renaming, or deleting files and folders, 97–98 file creating, 96 files and directories, 90–92 folder creating, 97 folder structure, 92–93 settings and folder options, 95–96 Windows libraries, 94 Windows Help and Support utility, 110–112 Windows PE (Preinstallation Environment), 321, 323 Windows Phone, 992, 1121 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) boot blocks repair with, 914 troubleshooting in, 673–678 Windows installation found by, 686–688 Windows Remote Desktop, 722 Windows setup DVD, 686 Windows See also Windows, installing; Windows operating system installing printers with, 1065–1068 operating system, 8, 154 overview, 1119 processor architecture in, 174 ReadyDrive technology, 228 RemoteApp and Desktop Connection, 830 startup steps, 660–670 video memory and, 372–374 Windows XP desktop versus, 1144–1145 XML Paper Specification (XPS) in, 1054 Windows Snipping Tool, 505 Windows 3.x, 1116 Windows troubleshooting, 557–599 applications, 582–595 DLL missing, 591–592 file failing to open, 587–590 hanging, 587 never worked, 592–595 service failing to start, 590 solving problems with, 583–586 improper shutdowns, 580–582 overview, 558–562 screen errors, 574–580 memory diagnostics, 577–579 overview, 574–576 System File Checker, 579–580 strategies for, 562–573 documentation, 572–573 overview, 562–564 solution planning and implementing, 571–572 system examination, 566–569 testing theory, 570–571 user interview and data backup, 564–566 verification, 572 Windows troubleshooting, startup, 657–700 Advanced Boot Options menu, 670–673 after logon, 692–693 before flag or progress bar appears, 683–690 before logon, 690–692 command prompt window, 678–682 data recovery, 693–696 hard boot versus soft boot, 658–659 overview, 682–683 startup BIOS, 659–660 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE), 673–678 Windows 7/Vista startup steps, 660–670 Windows Virtual PC, 156, 425, 1041–1042 Windows Vista, 1123–1142 See also Windows operating system backup procedures for, 1126–1129 installing, 1124–1125 installing printers with, 1065–1068 Network and Sharing Center, 851 network connections, 1132–1136 overview, 1118–1119 Reliability and Performance Monitor, 1131–1132 Security Center, 916 security for, 1137–1141 shared files and folders, 1136–1137 sidebar disabling, 545 Software Explorer, 509, 1130 startup steps, 660–670 User Account Control, 1124 video memory and, 372–374 XML Paper Specification (XPS) in, 1054 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it I ND EX Windows XP, 1143–1174 See also Windows operating system Advanced Options menu, 667 backup procedures, 1150–1157 Automated System Recovery, 1150–1151 for system files, 1151–1154 for user data, 1154–1157 emergency repair disk, 681 error messages, 584 hardware profiles and, 947–948 installing, 1145–1149 network connections, 1166–1168 network printer installation with, 1073–1074 overview, 1117–1118 Performance Monitor, 1157–1158 personal profiles on, 1170–1172 for printer installation and management, 1068–1070 security for, 1172–1173 sharing files and folders, 1169–1170 System Monitor, 532 Task Manager, 1157 troubleshooting startup, 1158–1166 Automated System Recovery backup, 1165 emergency repair disk, 1161–1163 Recovery Console, 1163–1165 start up process, 1158–1161 user profiles in, 440 Windows desktop versus, 1144–1145 Windows XP Mode in Windows 7, 280 XP Recovery Console, 680 WinPatrol (BillP Studios), 536 Wired and wireless network adapters, 778–783 Wired connections, to networks, 723–727 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) security, 754 Wireless access points and bridges, 730, 742, 786–787 Wireless antenna, port for, 140 Wireless LAN (WLAN), 766 Wireless locator, 858 Wireless mouse, 934 Wireless networks connecting to, 728–734 in notebooks, 981–983 SOHO (small office home office) router and, 752–756 types of, 336–342 1267 WAN (cellular), 734–738 wide area (WWAN), 734, 736 wireless network adapter, 181 Wireless tokens, smart card as, 894 Wire stripper, 797 WLAN (wireless LAN), 766 WoL (Wake-on LAN), 831–832 Workgroups, 288–290, 716, 841 Working inside computers See Computers, working inside Working professionally See Customers, satisfying needs of Work network, 298 WORM (write once and read many), 264 Worms, 900 WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) security, 755 WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) security, 755 WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup), 755 WWAN (wireless wide area network), 734, 736 Wyse Zero Client, 1039–1040 X XBMC Media Center, 427 xcopy command, 470–471 xD-Picture cards, 384 x86 processors, 177 x86 64-bit processors, 177 XenClient (CiTRIX), 425 XenServer (Citrix), 1042 Xeon processors, 175 Xeon 64-bit processors, 177 XML Paper Specification (XPS), 1054 XP Printers and Faxes window, 1065 XP Recovery Console, 680 XPS (XML Paper Specification), 1054 Y Youtube.com, 1037 Z Zalman, Inc., 76 Zero clients, 431, 1040 Zero-fill utility, 649 Zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets, 124 Zero-touch, high-volume deployment, 322 Zipped Folders, 97 Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s) Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it ... caused a system to overheat A+ Exam Tip The A+ 22 0–801 exam expects you to know how to keep computers and monitors well ventilated and to use protective enclosures and air filters to protect the... Problems A+ 22 0-8 02 4 .2 © Cengage Learning 20 14 Figure 13- 12 Use cable ties to hold cables out of the way of fans and airflow © Cengage Learning 20 14 Figure 13-13 Keep a tower case off carpet to allow... help as a general guideline for the primary symptoms and what are likely to be the sources of a problem A+ Exam Tip The A+ 22 0-8 02 exam might give you a symptom and expect you to select a probable