ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ 1 HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY Faculty of English ASSIGNMENT ON EN GLISH FOR TRANSLATION STUDIE S Full name Trần Mai Nam Phương Date of birth /04 /09 2001 Group K26A6 Date of exam 15/04[.]
HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY Faculty of English - ASSIGNMENT ON EN - GLISH FOR TRANSLATION STUDIE S Full name : Trần Mai Nam Phương Date of exam: 15/04/2022 Date of birth : 04/09/2001 Examiner : Group Examiner : : K26A6 Index number 15 I INTRODUCTION In its simplest form, discourse is verbal or written communication between people that goes beyond a single sentence Importantly, discourse is more than just language The term “language” can include all forms of linguistic and symbolic units (even things such as road signs), and language studies can focus on the individual meanings of words Discourse goes beyond this and looks at the overall meanings conveyed by language in context “Context” here refers to the social, cultural, political, and historical background of the discourse, and it is important to take this into account to understand underlying meanings expressed through language A popular way of viewing discourse is as language used in specific social contexts, and as such language serves as a means of prompting some form of social change or meeting some form of goal Discourse analysis uses the language presented in a corpus or body of data to draw meaning This body of data could include a set of interviews or focus group discussion transcripts While some forms of discourse analysis center in on the specifics of language (such as sounds or grammar), other forms focus on how this language is used to achieve its aims We’ll dig deeper into these two abovementioned approaches later As Wodak and Krzyżanowski (2008) put it: “discourse analysis provides a general framework to problem-oriented social research” Basically, discourse analysis is used to conduct research on the use of language in context in a wide variety of social problems (i.e., issues in society that affect individuals negatively) The purpose of discourse analysis is to investigate the functions of language (i.e., what language is used for) and how meaning is constructed in different contexts, which, to recap, include the social, cultural, political, and historical backgrounds of the discourse II TRANSLATION English articles released ( about 500 words in total) in December 2021- March 2022 Alfred Nobel: The man behind the Nobel Prize Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm In connection with his construction work, Immanuel Nobel also experimented with different techniques for blasting rocks Successful in his industrial and business ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St Petersburg There, his sons were given a first-class education by private teachers The training included natural sciences, languages and literature By the age of 17, Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics Alfred’s father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers, disliked Alfred’s interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted 17 In order to widen Alfred’s horizons, his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering During a two year period, Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States In Paris, the city he came to like best, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T J Pclouze, a famous chemist There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid But it was considered too dangerous to be of any practical use Although its explosive power greatly exceeded that of gunpowder, the liquid would explode in a very unpredictable manner if subjected to heat and pressure Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine 29 After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive Several explosions, including one (1864) in which his brother Emil and several other persons were killed, convinced the authorities that nitroglycerine production was exceedingly dangerous They forbade further experimentation with nitroglycerine within the Stockholm city limits and Alfred Nobel had to move his experimentation to a barge anchored on Lake Malaren Alfred was not discouraged and in 1864 he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine To make the handling of nitroglycerine safer Alfred Nobel experimented with different additives He soon found that mixing nitroglycerine with kieselguhr would turn the liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form suitable for insertion into drilling holes In 1867 he patented this material under the name of dynamite To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator (blasting cap) which could be ignited by lighting a fuse These inventions were made at the same time as the pneumatic drill came into general use Together these inventions drastically reduced the cost of blasting rock, drilling tunnels, building canals and many other forms of construction work 45 The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries Although he lived in Paris much of his life he was constantly traveling When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities Nobel himself worked intensively in his various laboratories, first in Stockholm and later in other places He focused on the development of explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions including such materials as synthetic rubber and leather, artificial silk, etc By the time of his death in 18%, he had 355 patents 54 Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for private life At the age of 43, he was feeling like an old man At this time he advertised in a newspaper “Wealthy, highly-educated elderly gentleman seeks the lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household.” The most qualified applicant turned out to be an Austrian woman, Countess Bertha Kinsky After working a very short time for Nobel she decided to return to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades Over the years Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting (Parliament) decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner 69 Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896 When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist They set about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries 77 Alfred Nobel’s greatness lay in his ability to combine the penetrating mind of the scientist and inventor with the forward-looking dynamism of the industrialist Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered radical views in his era He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests I ANALYSIS Grammar This text contains formal language All the sentences are informative and succinct They contain enough subject and verb components They are all complete sentences They are all complete sentences For example: - “Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace.” - “Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833.” - “By the age of 17, Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German.” - “ Although he lived in Paris much of his life he was constantly traveling.” - “This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.” - “Alfred Nobel’s greatness lay in his ability to combine the penetrating mind of the scientist and inventor with the forward-looking dynamism of the industrialist.” -… There are no fillers such as: well, oh, my god, ah, wow There are no signs of the phenomena of rhythm, intonation, or pauses in the text The text is idea-oriented because there are so many ideas are packed and arranged For example: - “Successful in his industrial and business ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St Petersburg.” -“ Alfred Nobel: Người đứng sau giải Nobel Một Kể từ năm 1901, giải thưởng Nobel tôn vinh người đàn ông phụ nữ từ khắp nơi giới thành tựu bật vật lý, hóa học, y học, văn học cơng việc hịa bình Nền tảng cho giải thưởng đặt vào năm 1895 Alfred Nobel viết di chúc cuối mình, để lại phần lớn tài sản cho việc thành lập Giải thưởng Nobel b Alfred Nobel sinh Stockholm vào ngày 21 tháng 10 năm 1833 Cha ông, Immanuel Nobel, kĩ sư kiêm nhà sáng chế - người tham gia xây dựng nhiều cầu cao ốc Stockholm Liên quan đến cơng việc xây dựng mình, Immanuel Nobel thử nghiệm kỹ thuật khác nổ đá Thành công dự án kinh doanh cơng nghiệp mình, Immanuel Nobel đưa gia đình đến St Petersburg vào năm 1842 Ở đó, trai ơng giáo viên tư nhân cho học hành hạng Các khóa đào tạo bao gồm khoa học tự nhiên, ngôn ngữ văn học Năm 17 tuổi, Alfred Nobel thông thạo tiếng Thụy Điển, Nga, Pháp, Anh Đức Mối quan tâm ơng văn học thơ ca Anh hóa học vật lý Cha Alfred, người muốn trai tham gia vào cơng việc kinh doanh với tư cách kỹ sư, khơng thích Alfred quan tâm đến thơ ca nhận thấy trai hướng nội C Để mở rộng tầm nhìn Alfred, cha anh gửi anh nước để đào tạo thêm kỹ thuật hóa học Trong khoảng thời gian hai năm, Alfred Nobel đến thăm Thụy Điển, Đức, Pháp Hoa Kỳ Tại Paris, thành phố mà anh u thích nhất, anh làm việc phịng thí nghiệm tư nhân Giáo sư T J Pclouze, nhà hóa học tiếng Tại đây, anh gặp nhà hóa học trẻ người Ý Ascanio Sobrero, người mà ba năm trước phát minh nitroglycerine, chất lỏng dễ nổ Nhưng coi nguy hiểm để sử dụng thực tế Mặc dù sức nổ vượt xa thuốc súng, chất lỏng phát nổ theo cách khó đốn gặp nhiệt độ áp suất Alfred Nobel trở nên quan tâm đến nitroglycerine cách đưa vào sử dụng thực tế cơng trình xây dựng Ơng nhận vấn đề an toàn phải giải phương pháp phải phát triển để kích nổ nitroglycerine có kiểm sốt Đ Sau trở Thụy Điển năm 1863, Alfred Nobel tập trung phát triển nitroglycerine chất nổ Một số vụ nổ, bao gồm vụ (năm 1864), anh trai ơng Emil số người khác thiệt mạng, thuyết phục quyền việc sản xuất nitroglycerine nguy hiểm Họ cấm thử nghiệm thêm với nitroglycerine giới hạn thành phố Stockholm Alfred Nobel phải chuyển thử nghiệm sang sà lan neo đậu Hồ Malaren Alfred khơng nản lịng vào năm 1864, ơng bắt đầu sản xuất hàng loạt nitroglycerine Để làm cho việc xử lý nitroglycerine an toàn hơn, Alfred Nobel thử nghiệm với chất phụ gia khác Ông sớm phát trộn nitroglycerine với kieselguhr biến chất lỏng thành loại bột nhão tạo hình thành có kích thước hình dạng phù hợp để đưa vào lỗ khoan Năm 1867, ông cấp sáng chế cho vật liệu tên thuốc nổ Để kích nổ thuốc nổ, ông phát minh kíp nổ (nắp nổ) kích nổ cách đốt cháy ngòi nổ Những phát minh thực lúc với máy khoan khí nén đưa vào sử dụng rộng rãi Cùng với nhau, phát minh giảm đáng kể chi phí nổ mìn, khoan đường hầm, xây dựng kênh đào nhiều hình thức xây dựng khác e Thị trường thuốc nổ mũ nổ phát triển nhanh Alfred Nobel chứng tỏ doanh nhân nhà kinh doanh khéo léo Trong nhiều năm, ông thành lập nhà máy phịng thí nghiệm khoảng 90 địa điểm khác 20 quốc gia Mặc dù sống Paris phần lớn đời ông thường xuyên du lịch Khi không du lịch tham gia vào hoạt động kinh doanh, thân Nobel làm việc tích cực phịng thí nghiệm khác mình, Stockholm sau nơi khác Ơng tập trung vào việc phát triển cơng nghệ chất nổ phát minh hóa học khác bao gồm vật liệu cao su tổng hợp da, tơ nhân tạo, v.v Trước qua đời tuổi 18, ơng có 355 sáng chế F Cơng việc dày đặc du lịch khơng cịn nhiều thời gian cho sống riêng tư Ở tuổi 43, anh cảm thấy ơng già Vào thời điểm này, đăng quảng cáo tờ báo “Q ơng lớn tuổi, giàu có, học thức cao tìm phụ nữ lớn tuổi, thơng thạo ngơn ngữ, làm thư ký kiêm quản gia” Người nộp đơn đủ điều kiện hóa phụ nữ Áo, Nữ bá tước Bertha Kinsky Sau làm việc thời gian ngắn cho Nobel, cô định trở lại Áo để kết hôn với Bá tước Arthur von Suttner Bất chấp điều này, Alfred Nobel Bertha von Suttner bạn bè viết thư cho nhiều thập kỷ Qua nhiều năm, Bertha von Suttner ngày trích chạy đua vũ trang Cô viết sách tiếng, Lay Down Your Arms trở thành chuyên gia Analyse the context of the English article(s) based on M.A.K Halliday’s Model of Context Field: The above article is about the process to develop historic global accord on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response Tenor: The participants in the article are a writer as journalist and readers as people interested in The COVID-19 pandemic Mode: It is an article in written English The style is neutral with the informative purpose Language for information and warning Vietnamese articles released (about 500 words in total) in December 2021March 2022 Kêu gọi người Mỹ đeo trang Americans urged to wear 'most 'bảo vệ tốt bạn có thể' protective mask you can' Vào hôm thứ Sáu tuần này, On Friday, in revised guidance of the hướng dẫn sửa đổi Trung tâm U.S Centers for Disease Control and Kiểm sốt Phịng ngừa Dịch bệnh Prevention (CDC) for Americans on Hoa Kỳ (CDC) cho người Mỹ việc wearing masks to save them from the đeo trang giúp bảo vệ họ khỏi COVID-19, it recommends donning bệnh COVID-19, CDC khuyến nghị "the most protective mask you can" as well as stopping short of advocating nên đeo "khẩu trang bảo vệ tốt the usage of N95 respirators across the bạn có thể" ngừng vận động country The United States, which is việc sử dụng mặt nạ phòng độc N95 on the top list of COVID-19 deaths nước Hoa Kỳ, quốc gia nằm globally, with roughly 850,000, is now danh sách top đầu số ca tử battling a surge of Omicron cases vong COVID-19 toàn cầu, với while the refusal of some citizens to khoảng 850.000 ca, phải get chống chọi với gia tăng ca vaccinated has become a complicating matter mắc biến thể Omicron việc số cơng dân từ chối tiêm chủng trở thành vấn đề phức On January 13, US President Joe Biden tạp announced the federal government has a plan to make "high-quality masks" Vào ngày 13/1, Tổng thống Mỹ Joe available to his citizens for free In Biden thơng báo phủ liên bang addition, on January 14, in another có kế hoạch cung cấp miễn phí "khẩu trang chất lượng cao" cho cơng dân ơng Ngồi ra, vào ngày 14/1, bước khác, Nhà Trắng cho step, the White House said the biết bắt đầu vận chuyển 500 triệu shipping of 500 million COVID-19 COVID-19 xét nghiệm cho người Mỹ tests to Americans will begin in the vào cuối tháng mà khơng tính phí late of this month without charge The Cơ quan bảo vệ sức khỏe quốc gia nation's health protection agency said cho biết việc đeo trang nên wearing masks should be encouraged khuyến khích thay bắt buộc instead of forcing or pushing American thúc ép công dân Mỹ phải đeo nationals to cover the highest-grade biện pháp bảo vệ cao cấp Tuy face protection nhiên, CDC xác nhận cách rõ However, CDC also explicitly ràng việc bảo vệ sức khỏe confirmed that protecting health with respirators will provide the best level trang chống độc mang lại mức of protection compared to loosely độ bảo vệ tốt so với trang woven cloth masks The agency said vải dệt lỏng lẻo Cơ quan cho biết wearing masks is a critical public đeo trang phương pháp y health method to prevent the spread of tế công cộng quan trọng để ngăn chặn the coronavirus and wearing any mask lây lan coronavirus đeo bất is still better than no mask, adding the kỳ trang tốt không revised đeo trang CDC cho biết thêm recommendations in the confusing guidance showed the science khuyến nghị sửa đổi hướng dẫn on wearing masks, which also includes khó hiểu cho thấy tính khoa học what we have learned about over the việc đeo trang, past two years since the emergence of điều bao gồm the pandemic tìm hiểu hai năm qua kể từ đại dịch xuất Recently, higher-grade protection has been opted by more Americans amid Gần đây, biện pháp bảo vệ cấp cao nhiều người Mỹ lựa chọn the surge in COVID-19 infections The bối cảnh gia tăng ca nhiễm United States has a record of roughly COVID-19 Hoa Kỳ có kỷ lục khoảng 1.800 ca tử vong COVID-19 - nhiều 1,800 COVID-19 deaths - the most in giới - quốc gia the world – and the country also leads dẫn đầu toàn cầu với mức nhập the globe with record levels of viện kỷ lục 780.000 ca mắc hospitalizations and 780,000 new cases hàng ngày daily III CONCLUSION When it comes to professional translations, you need to be sure you are not only translating the words you are reading but the meaning and the overall purpose of the text as a whole This can be special difficult, even for those who are fluent in several languages Not only would you need a fluent speaker of your target language for a professional translation, you'll need your translator to have experience in the art of translation (because it is an art) and to be familiar with the content you are translating! For instance, if you would like to translate a marketing-related article from English to French, you will want a translator who speaks both English and French fluently and is from the marketing industry, so that he/she is familiar with all the marketing terms in your document! Sounds impossible, doesn't it? It has always been important for literature studies and history studies but with today's ever-advancing technology, it has become very important for business! Communication is nearly exclusively virtual and that makes it much easier to reach worldwide locations in the same time it would take you to go local Most organizations are going global and most companies even demand that their workers speak more than one language As technology advances, language becomes more and more crucial of an asset IV REFERENCES 1.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274305240_Halliday's_model_of_re gister_revisited_and_explored https://www.slideshare.net/faizaliaqat01/lecture-6chap-2 https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-1tqf-qj66 10 https://translationjournal.net/January-2015/a-translation-quality-assessmentoftwo-english-translations-of-naz-m-hikmet-s-poetry.html https://www.who.int/news/item/01-12-2021-world-health-assembly-agreesto-launch-process-to-develop-historic-global-accord-on-pandemic-prevention 11