Tài liệu hạn chế xem trước, để xem đầy đủ mời bạn chọn Tải xuống
1
/ 20 trang
THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Thông tin cơ bản
Định dạng
Số trang
20
Dung lượng
1,31 MB
Nội dung
NG6N
NGtr
so
1 2011
GIA THUYETVEQUANHE
VAN HOA - GIAOTIEP
GS.TS
NGUYfiN
QUANG
1.
C&
nhan, nh6m
xS
hpi,
tieu vin
hoi
vk
vkn hoi
Khi tien hanh nghien cuu cac bmh dipn phgm tru trong giao tilp giao vdn
hod, chung tdi ludn y thftc dugc rdng do la
nhung
binh dipn phgm tru rat nhu
hogt va tinh tl. Chung phy thugc rit nhilu vao cac an tang vdn hoa nhu gid
trj,
quan
niem,
ditc
tin, edm kj
cung nhu cac thanh td giao tilp nhu
cdc
thong
so
nhdn
thdn cua chu the vd ddi
the
giao tiip, quan
he
giifa cdc ddi tdc giao
tiep,
quyen lite ciia chii
the ddi vdi ddi the giao
tiep,
muc
dich giao
tiep,
ngi
dung giao
tiep,
hinh thitc thdng
diep,
i"oi
trudng giao tiip Do vgy, chung
tdi thien
nghi
vipc dua ra cac phd nipm tuypt doi ve bilu dgt cua cdc binh dipn
phgm trft nay trong cdc cpng ddng ngdn ngft - vdn hod dugc xet dl khdng djnh
rdng cac cd nhan, cac nhdm xd hgi, cac tieu vdn hod va cac
nin
vdn hoa khdc
nhau deu vipn den cdc chien
luge
va tieu chien
luge
giong nhau do
diu
chia
se cac phd nipm dd la mgt
each
nhin nhgn chua thoa dang. Nd lam "xa cftng"
va "danh ddng" cac ddi
tu(7ng
dugc xet. Song, nlu ta lgi thdi qud ma cho rdng
con ngudi sinh ra von la nhumg ca nhan dan le, khdc bipt vdi nhimg ca nhan
khdc,
cho nen vipc tim kiem nhimg
d$c
diem hanh vi ndi chimg vd hdnh vi
giao tilp ndi rieng dl nhgn dipn cdc nhdm xd hgi, cac tilu vdn hoa, va cac nen
vdn hod la khdng taong thi dd ciing lgi la mgt cdch nhin nhgn can dugc xem
xet
lgi.
Con ngudi sinh ra von tien thien mang tu
each
kep
(double
status):
vfta
mang tu
each
ca nhan, vfta mang tu
each
thdnh vien. Cac hdnh vi hanh tac
(action),
tuong tdc
(interaction)
va xuyen tdc
(transaction)
cfta mgt con ngudi
mgt
m^t
the hipn va minh chftng cho tu
each
ca nhan cua ngudi do (thi
dy:
anh
A khac vdi anh
B),
m^t
khdc giup ta nhin nhan dugc tinh dong nhdm cua ngudi
dd vdi
mgf
nhftng ngudi khdc (thi
dy:
anh A vd anh
B
deu la ngudi Bdc Bg).
Dfta tren quan nipm ve tu
each
kep cua con ngudi, chung tdi xin dugc dua
ra cdc sa dd sau:
_
20
Ngon ngiif
so
1 ndm 2011
TvUcfa
TV£*th
lUnh -vtia
Tveicbi
ci
ab&B
Tatieh U nhin
CACCANHAN
Tir etch ci nhin
K':vji"'-'-_
Nbtim
xS
m
A
Nb6m
Ii
hOi
C
Nh«m
xl
bOi
B
jKmilmmk
CACNHdMXAHOl
TUavinholA
Titu
vin hoi B
cAc
Tifcu
VAN
H6A
Ti^n vin
hoi C
Gia thuyet
§f
Tieu viln
ho;i
A | .1
_J
Tif
u \
iln
lio;l B
\
NKN
S'IN
IKVV
'
I'icuvfiii
lio;i
(•
Vdi cdch nhin nhgn tren, chung tdi thilt
nghi,
khi nghien cftu vl giao tilp
giao vdn hod xet theo
bkih
dipn phgm tru, ta chi cd
thi
vd chi nen tun ra nhirng
d^c
diem phd qudt, nhirng khudn mau giao tilp (ca ngdn tft va phi ngdn tft) phd
dyng, diln hinh cua cdc nhdm xd hgi, cac tilu vdn hod vd cac
nin
vdn hoa md
thdi.
Ndi cdch khdc,
nhitng
kit
qud
md
ehiing
ta ed
dugre thdng qua
cdc
cdng
trinh nghien
citu
(ed
djnh
lugmg
vd djnh
tinh),
vdi bdt eu
tdm
mite
ndo,
eiing
ehi ed the dung vdi sd
ddng,
vdi dgi da
sd,
thdm chi vdi tuyet dgi da sd
ehu
khdng the dung vdi mgi cd nhdn
ciia nhdm
xd
hgi,
tiiu vdn hda hay nin
van
hod do
dugre.
Levine va Adelman
(1993)
dd cd li khi vi vai trd cfta vdn
hoa
va cd nhan nhu vai trd cfta dgo dien vd dien vien. Tuy cimg ddng
mgt
vai vd
cung dugc mgt dgo dien chi dan, nhtmg hai dien vien, dft rit xuit sdc va rit
no lyc de ddng dung theo yeu ciu cua dgo dien, nhtmg chdc chdn hg sg khdng
ddng hodn toan nhu nhau, thgm chi, tuong ty nhau.
Ngoai ra, trong qua trinh nghien cftu vl cac binh dipn phgm tru trong giao
tiep giao vdn hod xet theo cac thanh to giao tilp va cac in tang vdn hod, chung
tdi cung din nhgn thiy rdng nlu chi xet chung thuin tuy tren binh dipn giao
tilp ngi ngdn
(intralinguistic
communication),
chftng ta rit cd kha ndng sg di
din
nhQng
kit
lugn, nhirng phan djnh, nhumg nhgn xet sai
Ipch
ve hdnh vi
giao tilp cfta nhimg ngudi
din
tft (cac)
nin
vdn hoa khac. Mpt hanh vi phan
hdi ngdn tft boa
(verbalised response)
cd the dugc mong
dcpd
va dugc nhin nhgn
Id
mgt hdnh vi ljch sy
ft-ong
mpt
nin
vdn hod ndy, nhung nd rit cd
thi
lgi la
22
Ngon ngiif so 1 nam 2011
mgt hdnh vi khdng dugc mong
dc^i
vd bj coi la sao rong, khdng thgt ldng
trong mgt nen vdn hod khdc. Mgt thi dy ma chung tdi dd neu ra trong cuon
Giao tiep vd giaotiepgiao vdn hod (2002) ve hdnh dgng xin loi ftong cgng
dong Uc vd cgng dong Hoa, Vipt cd
thi Id
mgt minh hog. Trong nhieu cgng
dong vdn hod - ngdn ngu A
chau,
cdc phan hoi phi ngdn tft hod
(nonverbalised
responses)
the hipn sy bilt loi, sy an hgn td ra phu hgp ban trong nhieu tinh
huong cy
the.
Thi dy, vd tinh xd vao ngudi khdc, cui diu, mim cudi cau hod
roi budc tilp. Do vgy, nlu muon dgt tdi mgt cdi nhin thiu dao vl Uch sy (ca
duong tinh vd am tinh) trong giao tilp, ta khdng
thi
khdng xet den cdc ylu to
cgn ngdn vd ngogi ngdn (phi ngdn tft) vd tinh phft hgp cua chung trong cdc
tuong tac cy
thi,
vai cac quan hp vai cy
thi,
d cac chu canh tmh hudng va chu
canh vdn hod cy the.
2.
Bkn
chat
k£p,
tv cich
k^p
vk cic
binh difn ph^m
trii
Chung tdi cho rdng con ngudi
(human
being),
khi sinh ra, von tien thien
mang theo bdn chat kep (double nature) cua minh; cd nghia la con ngudi vua
Id
sinh thi xa hgi
(social
being),
vfta la sinh the
cd
y
thirc (conscious
being).
I
SINH
THfi XA
HOI
V(5i bdn chit
Id
sinh the xd hgi, vd ciing nhu cdc loai vgt cd chung ban
chat
(lodi
ong,
lodi
kiln ), con ngudi phdi tuong tdc
vdd
cdc thanh vien khac
trong xd hgi (thu nhd va/
ho^c
md rgng) cua
mmh.
Ndi cdch khac, ban chit xd
hgi
bdt huge
con
ngudi,
bdng each ndy
hay cdch
khdc,
phdi
tuang tdc
(interacting).
Ngay cd trong cdc tuang tdc npi nhan
(intrapersonal interactions)
- chuypn
trd vdi chinh bdn than minh - cac ylu to ciu thdnh cd nhan P-A-C (Cha mp/
Parent: P; Ngudi tnrdng thdnh/
Aduh:
A; Con tre/
Child:
C), vdn dugc tgo
nen thong qua cdc trdi nghipm xd hgi vd dugc tich ty thdnh cdc vai xd hgi trong
moi cd nhan, cting giao tilp theo cdc
c|lp
vai khdc nhau nhu "Cha mp - Con
Gia thuyet 23
tie",
"Ngudi ldn - Ngudi ldn" Thi
dy:
Giao tilp ngi nhan giua ylu to "Cha
mp"
vd "Con ti'e":
Khi di dgo ben ho, Quang - mgt gido vien dgi hgc tre - nhin thay mgt cd
gdi dang thd bg phia trudc, mdi tdc budng lai, than hinh thon thd, dang
dipu
khoan
thai.
Anh ta (ylu to "Con
ft-g")
ty nhft:
-
Chd,
cd be cd thdn
hinh
hdp ddn qud nhi? Mnh thit vugt ten
liec
xem
CO
be
xinh
den
muc ndo mdi
duQc.
Nhtmg mgt gigng ndi trong anh ta (ylu to "Cha mp") chgt vang len:
-
Nccy,
cdn
than
day
I
Cd khi cd ta lgi
Id
sinh vien cua cgu thi
sao.
Nd
md
ve
trudng
ki
chuyen
vdi mgi ngudi thi phien ddy.
(SINHTHi
I
XAHOI
::Mi0if
Vdi bdn chat la sinh
thi
cd y thftc, vd hodn toan khac vai cdc lodi vgt trong
thi
gidi ty nhien von dugc coi
Id
khdng cd y thftc (mgt so nhd nghien cftu
d$t
vin de nghi ngd lugn dilm ndy), con ngudi thyc hipn cac hogt dgng li tinh cfta
mmh.
Ndi
cdch
khdc,
ban chat
y
thuc
bdt bugc con ngudi phdi tu
duy
(thinking).
SINH
TH^
C6
tTHtrc
i
••••••••
TUDUY
^
Trong qud trinh tuang tdc (tucmg tdc ngi nhdn, tucmg tdc lien nhan, tucmg
tdc nhdm, tuang tdc xd hgi ) vd tu duy (tri nhgn, so sdnh, ddi chieu ), con
24
Ngdn ngiif
so
1
ndm
2011
ngudi nhdn dipn dugc chuih ban tiian mmh
va
nhimg ngudi khdc;
cd
nghia
Id
con ngudi
cd
dugc
tu
niem
(self-
oncept)
va
tha niem (other
-
concept).
TV
MEM
V.4THA
NIKM
Trong
qua
trinh
ty
nipm
va tha
nipm
ay,
con ngudi nhan thay
d
minh
va
nhiing ngudi khac
cd
mpt diem chung: Hp ddng thdi vua
Id
nhirng
ca
nhan khu
biet (anh
A
khdc
vcii
chi
B,
6ng C.)
vfta
la
nhiing thanh vien
hda
dong
(ciia
gia dinh,
ldp
hpc,
ca
quan,
cau
lgc bg ).
Ndi
cdch khac,
hp deu cd
chung
tu
each
kep
{double status)
la tu
cdch thdnh vien (membership)
vd tu
edeh
cd
nhdn (individualship).
-
-
; ~
.^^ ^r-
I
:<-•'-•
ANHW
/
X
I TLNIEM
A \ A THA
NIEM
X
\
I
\
I
//
K
_^
\
Y
\
THA.\H\!r\
TLC Cli
CANilAX
TLCACH
T11A\HVIEN
Gia
thuyet.
25
Chinh sy qudn binh giua hai tu
each
ndy hay sy nhan manh vao mgt trong
hai tu cdch dd cua sd ddng ftong mgt cpng ddng ngdn ngu - vdn hod da
gc^i
cho
chftng tdi y
tuc!mg
dua ra cac binh dipn phgm trft (categorrical dimensions)
trong nghien cftu giaotiep npi vdn hod vd giao vdn hod. Dd la:
Tir CACH
CA
NHAN
<#
i2>
!f1T
'I'
!'!"'!'!;|'n'!";!.n!l|'||
niLiMnllijIiLmilliiJl
TXi eACH THANII VIEN
fgj
mm.
ntiijlft
11
fRfflW
I'll:!
II
till
1|
'itlni'iii
i
li^^ttsiflm^^M^^
KHACHQUANTINH
<c
DUY
Li
<:IJ:
tQiry tHtWjIli
<;:
HirONG
NOI
<;:
BINHDAKG
<::
llfGdNKltM
•<J
CVTH^
<::
::^iH|-TBi(^^''|'it|:P:;:;:''":«
i
i£USl^
:tPRpsFi
nr
!||:j|||l||J;j:j:ip|!:
<^
KHANG
OINH
MiNH
<Cu]:
sti5ffi»>*^
• rl
Bi
imp^
>
CHU
QUAN
TINH
DUYCAM
PHI
qvY THtrc
HUCiNG
NGOAI
TONTI
IStG^NRUdM
ftjlj
llllk
o
'B^NO::
;:••',:
^^
llll'jfirijafiMxAc.
"1
:;>
HAMINH
De
giup dpc gid ndm bdt rd rang
hem
va hp thdng ban ve cac ludn diem
vfta neu, chftng tdi xin dugc thiet ke vd dua ra so dd sau:
26
Ngdn ngiif sd 1 ndm
2011
Sinh the
xS h$i
CON NGUdi sJ
7^
"
Sinh th4y
thuc
]=
Tu(3Tig tic
T
Tir
duy
h^
T\rn!$mvdUHni$m
J
z:^z;C4c
cdnhan
C^
th^nh
vien
Tu cdch
c&
nlian
«#•
Thi6n
\e
cSnhan
Cbu
c^h
ihap
Lich
su
am
tinh
Khich quan
tinh;
DUY
:
QoythiH
Ij ilm)ng nOi
Kabdlag
a
Ng6n
ki^
CMtb^
True
hep
Tinh
?j
Chinh
xAc
^-
Khing
dinh minh
^
Tu
c^ch
th^nh viSn
KLii
:
1
!,.;.
Tliiia vc
nhom
::;
Chu
c&nh
cao
1 J
•
^
!
T Lich su
duang
tinh *
Chu
quan
tinh
Duy cam
Phi
quy
Ihon;
Hu<!nig
ngogi
T6nti
Ngdn rudm
Trim
twgng
Gi4n
ti^
E>^
PWcWnbx4<j
Hajninh
n
VlaiitB
Ritr6(til71«eol00H) l5£3 Rij ra (loll <j4r 100*-4)
n R6(ti46 iniWi) •
Ri
I*
46
dio 70%)
~ KMiurtllnteliaiilJSj
l-i
KMo|
i« lio (m 11 dfc 2«4)
'"' KMoj la (Im din I0«)
EMggi^OtediolOS)
Gia thuyet 27
3.
So-do
quan
hp
vdn hda - giaotiep
Trong boat dpng giao tilp hang ngay, chiing ta
th\rc
hipn cdc hdnh dpng
giao
tiep (communicative acts) khac nhau trong cac
s\r
kipn va tinh hudng giao
tiep (commumcative events/ situations) khac nhau. Neu xet ve mdi quan hp
gifta vdn hod vd giao tiep, chftng tdi xin dugc dua ra gid thuyet sau:
Vdn hod, nhu mgt nggn
Ifta
vd hinh dugc hdng dudng hai cac "dn tdng"
(cultural hiddens)
cua nd nhu: gid trj, dftc tin, quan nipm, thdi quen, truyen
thdng, cam
kj ,
dd tao ra sftc song cho toan bg cdc tdng sau:
> '
a)
Tdng thdnh td giao
tiep
b)
Tdng binh dien
phgm
trii
giao tiep
' ''1
'l'.'^
"'
c)
Tdng ngdn ngii giao
tiip ,
,
•.!
^JU'
W
.') -
V."
V
Vi,:^
ii\:
• '
;
d) Tdng hdnh dgng giao
tiep
.,
Cd thi
hinh dung
cdc
tang nay nhu bon mdt cdt cua mgt hinh pheu vd dugc
phan bo nhu sau:
*Tang
1 - Thdnh to giao tiep: Tang nay
chju
dnh hudng
tr\rc
tilp cua
"Nggn Ifta vdn hod"
(Flame
of
culture).
Nd bao gom cdc thdnh to giao tilp sau
(Cac thdnh to ndy,
din
lugt chung, lai bao gom nhilu tham to):
1) Cdc thdng
sd
eiia ehii
thi
giao
tiip
(Addresser's
parameters - Adr)
2)
Cdc thdng sd ciia
ddi
the
giaotiep (Addressee's parameters - Ade)
3)
Quanhe giUa
ede ddi
tde giao
tiep (Participants' relationship - Re)
4)
Quyen luc
cua
chii the
giao
tiep
ddi vdi ddi
the
giaotiep (Addressor's
power over addressee - Po)
' ' ' ,. : ;
5)
Trgng thdi tdm
li
eiia cdc ddi tde khi giao tiep
(Participants' mood when
commimicating
- Mo)
6) Khi
chdt eiia
ede ddi tde
giao
tiep (Participants' temperament - Te)
7)
Tinh cdm ciia
ede ddi
tde
giaotiep (Participants' feelings - Fe)
8)
Thdi
dg
ciia
cdc ddi
tdc giao
tiep (Participants' attitudes - At)
9) Muc dieh
giao
tiep (?virpose-Yn)
10)
De
tdi
giaotiep (Topic - To)
11)
Hinh
thitc
giao tiep
(Form-Fd)
12)
Ngi dung
giao
tiep
(Content
- Co)
: :;
13)
Khung
cdnh
giao tiip (Setting - Se)
14) Thdi
gian ddnh
cho
giaotiep (Time availability -
TA)
* Tang 2 - Binh dipn
ph^m
tru: Tdng nay ndm tren tang "Thanh td giao
tilp" vd chju tac dgng gidn
tiep
ciia
cac an tdng vdn hod (gid
trj,
quan nipm,
due
28 Ngdn ngiif
so
1
nam201j_
tin, ) tiidng qua tang "Thdnh to giao tilp". Nd bao gdm cdc
buih
dipn pham
tru cu the sau:
1) Chu quan tinh - Khdch quan tinh (Subjectivity vs. Objectivity: Su-Ob)
2) True tiip - Gidn tiip (Direcmess vs.
Indirectiiess:
Di-In)
3) Chinh xdc - Phi chinh xdc (Accuracy vs. Inaccuracy:
Ac-In)
4) Dgng -
Tinh
(Dynamicality vs. Staticality: Dy-St)
5) Hg minh - Khdng dinh minh (Self-abasement vs. Self-assertion: SAb -
Sas)
6) Lich su duang tinh - Lich su dm tinh (Positive politeness vs. Negative
politeness: PP-NP)
7) Tritu tugmg - Cu the
(Absttactness
vs. Concreteness: Ab - Co)
8) Duy cdm - Duy li (Sentimentality vs. Rationality: Se - Ra)
9) Tdn ti - Binh ddng (Hierarchy vs. Equality: Hi - Eq)
10)
Hudng ngi - Hudng ngogi (Introversion vs. Extroversion: In - Ex)
11)
Qui thirc - Phi qui thitc (Formality vs. Informality: Fo - In)
12) Thien ve nhdm - Thien ve ed nhdn (Group - orientation vs.
Self
-
orientation: GO - SO)
13)
Chu cdnh cao - Chu cdnh thdp (High - context vs. Low-context: HC -
LC)
14)
Ngdn rudm - Ngdn kiem
(Redimdancy
vs. Economicality: Re - Ec)
*Tang
3 - Ngon neir giao tiep: Tang nay ndm phia tren ting "Bmh dipn
pham trft". Nd chiu tdc dpng gian tiep cfta "Ngpn
Ifta
vdn hod" thdng qua tdng
"Thanh to giao tiep" vd tang "Binh dipn pham tru". Tang 3 dugc cdu thdnh
bdi cac yeu td sau:
1)
A^p;
«^d«
(Intralanguage
-
Intra.Iang)
2) Can ngdn (Paralanguage - Para.lang)
3) Ngogi ngdn (Extralanguage -
Extra.Iang)
'
*• ''''•'•
3.1)
Ngdn ngir thdn the (Body language - BL)
3.2) Ngdn
ngii
vgt the (Object language - OL)
3.3) Ngdn ngii mdi trucmg (Environmental language - EL)
*Tang
4 - Hdnh dpng giao tiep: Day
Id
tang tren cung vd
Id
ting
ho^t
dpng giao tilp tii\rc tl. Nd chiu tdc
dpn^
gian tilp cua "Ngpn
Ifta
vdn hod"
tiidng qua ting "Binh dipn pharn tiii" vd tang "Thanh to giao tilp". Dong tiidi
nd dugc "hipn thvrc hod" bdi ting "Ngdn
npu
giao tilp". Ting 4 la ting md
Ixri
nd bao gdm tat cd cac
ho^t
dgng giaotiep thvrc tl nhu: khuyen rdn, thdng
bao,
ddng y, bat ddng, ggi y, cam cm, khen nggi
[...]... 1990 2 Gregg J.Y, Communication and Culture, Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 1993 3 Nguyen Quang, Giaotiep va giao tilp giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2002 4 Nguyen Quang, Mgt sd van de giaotiep ngi vdn hod va giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2004 5 Nguyen Quang, Giaotiepphi ngdn tu qua cac nin vdn hod, Nxb KHXH, H, 2008 6 Nguyen Quang, Lecture - notes on Cross - Cultural Commimication, Unpublished ... dich giao tilp: Cd lgi cho CTGTvd trung tinh (hogc cd thi ed lgi) doi vdi DTGT + De tai giao tilp: An todn + Hinh thftc giao tilp: Kit hgp cd ngdn tit vdphi ngdn tit + Ngi dung giao tilp: Cd CTGT va DTGT eiing quan tdm (hogc CTGT to ra Id nhu the vd mudn ddi the nghi Id nhu thi) Nhipm vy dgt ra cho vipc nghien cuu cdc hogt dgng giao tilp cy thi ttong hai thyc the vdn hod - giaotiep (giao tilp giao. .. vd/hogc vdn hod cao * Thdng so cua doi till giao tilp: Tuang tu nhu cua chii thi giao tiip; song di ed khd ndng cd nghi nghiep vd/ hogc thu nhgp on dinh hem (it nhdt Id vdo thdi diim phdt ngdn ciia chii the giaotiep dugrc dua ra) * Quan hp gifta chu till giao tilp vd doi thi giao tilp: It nhdt Id quen biit * Quyen lyc cua chu thi giao tilp doi vdi doi thi giao tilp: It nhieu mang tinh ddng nien, ddng... tiu" vd "Thanh to giao tilp" khi nghien cftu vl giao tilp ngi vdn hod vd giao vdn hod Chung tdi dd thiet kl mgt "Bang qui xet giaotiep npi vdn hod vd giao vdn tilp vd, trong thyc tl, dd sft dyng nd Iam khung nghien cftu (framework) cho cac nghien cuu thyc nghipm cua minh (Cd the xem khimg nghien cftu nay d cuoi cuon sach Mgt sd vdn de giao tiip ngi vdn hda vd giao vdn hda cua Nguyen Quang, 2004, Nxb... v)n;ui!>| " 4 Tinh dpng ciia quan hp vdn hoa - giaotiep Xin dugc ltm y rdng quan hp gifta giaotiep va vdn hod la quan hp "dpng" Khai nipm "dgng" d day dugc hieu nhu sau: ; , < 1) Tinh lieu lugng cfta cdc an tang vSn boa vdn mang ban chat dpng Nhipt do (Heat - map) cfta chftng ludn thay ddi; do vay, tdc dgng cfta chiing len cac hanh dgng giaotiep cy the trong cdc s\r kipn/' tinh hudng giao tilp cy thi ciing... [Hi^n nay] • L-V( d) Cac hdnh dgng giao tiep: Cd the ndi rdng, theo thdi gian, cac hdnh dgng ;; giaotiep ciing thay ddi mpt each dang ke, khdng chi d chuypn mpt so hanh dpng giaotiep hinh nhu khdng dugc sft dyng nfta ttong khi mgt sd hanh dgng giaotiep mdi xuat hipn, hay mpt sd hanh dgng giaotiep dugc sft dyng vdi tin sudt thap dan ttong khi mgt sd hdnh dgng giaotiep khdc I^i dugc vipn tdi vdi... It nhieu mang tinh ddng nien, ddng quyen (age and power equals) * Tinh cam can bilu hipn cfta chu the giao tilp: Trung tinh * Thdi dp cin bilu hipn cfta chft the giao tiep: Trung tinh * Myc dich giao tilp: Cd lgi cho chu the giaotiep nhung bdt lgi eho ddi the giaotiep * Tr^g thai tam li cfta chu the giaotiep:It nhieu mang tinh tieu cue (budn rau, lo ldng ) Tft nhimg lgp lugn vua trinh bay, chung tdi... hipn vd hogt dgng cfta cdc hdnh dgng giao tilp cy the, m$t khac, giftp ta nhgn dipn dugc cdc ylu to tdc dgng din vipc lya chpn cdc chiln luge va cdch thftc Giathuyet 37 giao tilp nhdm dgt tdi dich giao tilp de ra, vd m$t khac nua, giftp ta nhin ra nhiing anh hudng mgnh mg cua vdn hod ttong hdnh vi giaotiep ndi chtmg vd cac hdnh dgng giao tilp ddctiiundirieng.Vdi tam quan ttgng Idn lao vd khdng the choi... than the (body language) nhu nhdn giao (eye - contact), dipn hipn (facial expressions), tu thi (postures), cft chi (gestures) ttongcac hdnh dpng, sy kipn vd tinh hudng giao tilp cfta hai thyctiievdn hod - giaotiepdugc xet D I tiiay dugc mdi quan hp giua giao tilp vd vdn hod vd de neu bat dugc sy chi phdi cfta cdc an tdng vdn hod ddi vcd cdc hanh dpng, sy kipn, tmh hudng giao tilp ddc thft, chung tdi cho... cdc hogt dgng giao tilp cy thi ttong ngi bg mgt thyc thi vdn hod - giao tilp (giao tilp npi vdn hoa), theo chftng tdi, la phdi tim ra dugc nhiing dnh hudng va tdc dgng cua cac in tang vdn hod len cdc hogt dgng giaotiep dd thdng qua nhiing dnh hudng vd tdc dgng vfta mang tinh phan ting, vfta mang tinh tuang tdc cua cdc binh dipn phgm tru va cac thdnh to giaotiep Thi dy: Vdi hdnh dgng giao tilp khen . Nguyen Quang, Giao tiep va giao tilp giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2002. 4. Nguyen Quang, Mgt sd van de giao tiep ngi vdn hod va giao vdn hod, Nxb DHQG, H, 2004. 5. Nguyen Quang, Giao . nhu gid trj, quan niem, ditc tin, edm kj cung nhu cac thanh td giao tilp nhu cdc thong so nhdn thdn cua chu the vd ddi the giao tiip, quan he giifa cdc ddi tdc giao tiep, quyen. So-do quan hp vdn hda - giao tiep Trong boat dpng giao tilp hang ngay, chiing ta th
c hipn cdc hdnh dpng giao tiep (communicative acts) khac nhau trong cac s
kipn va tinh hudng giao