NgUdi da hanh ddng khdng met mdi trong sudt cube ddi, vdi nghj Idc phi thddng, vUdt qua mpi gian nan thd thach, vdi niem tin khdng gl thay ddi vao xu the phat trien cua lieh sd, nha^t la
Trang 1CONG HIEN TO LON CUA CHU TjCH HO CHI MINH
V!6 BOc LAP DAN T O C VA C H U N G H I A XA H O I
PGS TS T6 Huy RiJa*
Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ia sU ket tinh nhu'ng gi tot dep, du tu nha't cua tri tue va tU tudng, tinh cam va dao ddc, nhan each va loi song cua con ngu'di va dan toe Viet Nam Ngu'di tieu bieu cho cdt each va ban linh cQa dan toe, cho ban sic van hda cua dan toe Viet Nam td truyen thdng de'n hien dai
Chu tich Ho c h i M i n h dpe dien van l<hai mac Dai hoi dai bieu tean quo'c lan thuf 3 cua Dang (thang 9 nam 1960)
Anil: TU lieu
1- Ho Chi IVllnh, nha tuTti^cfng
mac-xit sang tao
Dd la Cdn ngddi Viet
Nam dep nha't, gian dj va
vT dai, hien than eua nhdng
gia trj van hda ehan - thien
- my khdng nhdng eua dan
tpc Viet Nam ma cdn thupc
ve nhan loai
Uy v i e n Bp C h i n h tri, Bi t h u Tmng
ifong Dang, TnJdng Ban Tuyen giap
T n j n g uong, Chu tich Hpi dpng Ly
luan T m n g UPng
Khi da tlm tha'y con dddng each mang va nhan thdc ddpe chan ly eua thdi dai each mang nhd giac ngd chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin, vdi
sd cd vu cua Cach mang Thang Mddi Nga (1917), Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd Chf Minh da ddn tat ea nd Idc
va tinh Idc cua ddi minh de thdc hien den cung ly tUdng
va muc tieu each mang: dbc lap dan tpc va ehu nghTa xa
hdi, ddc lap dan tdc gan lien vdi ehu nghTa xa hdi
Bdi the, sU nghiep ma
Hd Chl Minh theo dudi va hien dang khdng ehi la giai phdng dan tpc ma cdn phat trien dan tpc Viet Nam, thdc hien chu nghTa xa hpi
va chu nghTa cpng san bang each mang vd san do dpi tien phong eua giai cap cdng nhan la Dang Cpng san lanh dao
t P CHI THONG TIH OOI NGOtlSO TS
2010
Trang 2I HI/6NG DAN CHi DAO
T d mdt ngddi yeu nddc,
ngddi e h i e n sT da'u tranh
cho dpe lap, t d do cua d a n
tdc Viet N a m , Nguydn A i
Q u d c - H o Chf M i n h t r d
t h a n h mdt ngddi cpng san,
vdi lap trddng kien d j n h
eua ehu nghTa M a c -
Le-nin Ngddi y thdc sau sac
rang, each m a n g V i e t N a m
la mpt bd p h a n cua each
m a n g the g i d i , dau tranh
v l ddc lap, t d d o , hanh
phue eua nhan d a n va dan
tdc Viet N a m cung d d n g
thdi gdp p h i n vao phong
trao each m a n g the g i d i ,
vao ebng cude giai phdng
cac dan tdc bj ap bde T d
tudng giai p h d n g dan tpc
cua NgUdi khdng e h i rpi
sang eon dddng da'u tranh
cua d a n tdc Viet N a m ma
cdn cd anh hudng to Idn va
sau sac tdi cupc da'u tranh
giai p h b n g cua eac dan toe
bj ap bde d cac nude thupc
dja va phu thudc bdi chu
nghTa de qud'e, chu nghTa
thdc dan trong the ky 2 0
Trong hoat ddng thUc tien
each m a n g , H d Chf M i n h
khdng chl tranh da'u eho
d a n toe m i n h ma edn tranh
da'u cho t d do va cbng ly, v l
quyen sdng, quyen t d do,
m d u eau h a n h p h u e , v l
p h a m gia eon ngddi eua
cac dan toe tren toan the
g i d i Ngddi la hien than va
bieu tddng can dep cua chu
nghTa yeu nUdc va ehu
nghTa qudc te chan c h f n h
V I le d d , H d Chf M i n h
khdng ehl la lanh tu cua
d a n tdc Viet N a m ma edn
la ngUdi ban Idn, than thiet
eua nhan dan cac dan tpc tren the gidi T d tddng va sd nghiep cua NgUdi ed sdc c d
vu va anh hUdng dac biet sau sac ddi vdi eae dan tdc
bj ap bde dang da'u tranh ehd'ng ehu nghTa de qudc
va ehu nghTa thdc d a n v l doc lap t d d o , vl hda b i n h , dan chu va t i e n bd xa h d i The gidi tdn v i n h NgUdi
la anh hung giai phbng d a n tdc va d a n h nhan van hda kiet xua't eua Viet N a m Sinh t h d i , NgUdi da tdng ndi vdi d d n g bao m i n h :
"Tdi chl cd mpt sd h a m mud'n, ham mudn tdt bac,
la lam sao cho nddc ta dddc hoan toan ddc lap, d a n ta dupe hoan toan tU do, d d n g bao ai eung ed cdm an ao
m a c , ai e u n g dUdc h p c
hanh" eo cupc song am
no, tu do, hanh phuc, dUde hudng quyen tU do dan ehu
ma hp xdng dang ddpe hudng vdi td each ngddi chu va lam chu xa hpi Dd thdc sU la hoai bao, la khat vpng manh Net, the hien mdt td tudng Idn, mpt ly tddng nhan dao cao quy cua NgUdi NgUdi da hanh ddng khdng met mdi trong sudt cube ddi, vdi nghj Idc phi thddng, vUdt qua mpi gian nan thd thach, vdi niem tin khdng gl thay ddi vao xu the phat trien cua lieh sd, nha^t la tin vao sdc manh vo tan cua quan chung dudi sd lanh dao cua Dang Cdng san trong sU nghiep da'u tranh each mang, bien tU tUdng, ly
tudng thanh hien thdc Ngudi cung tdng ndi rd,
"Idng thddng yeu eua tdi dd'i vdi nhan dan va nhan loai khdng bao gid thay ddi"- Khi td biet the gidi nay, trong ban Di ehuc Ijch sd, NgUdi de lai mudn van tinh than yeu cho ta't ca ddng bao, ddng chf trong nUdc; gdi Idi chao than ai den eac ddng chf, bau ban va nhan dan d khap mpi ndi tren trai da^t Tinh cam dd lam xue ddng mudn trieu ta'm Idng
Ho Chf Minh la nha td tddng mac-xft kien djnh va day ban iTnh sang tao Trong lao ddng, hpc tap va tranh da'u, NgUdi da tham djnh ly luan bang thdc tien,
td thUe tien ma phat trien ly luan, dat de'n sU nhuan nhuydn gida ly luan va thUe tidn trpng tU tUdng de bien
tu tddng thanh phddng phap, thd'ng nha't hdu cd gida tu tudng vdi phddng phap, gida nhan thdc vdi hanh dpng, tao nen ban ITnh sang tao va phong each dae sac cua minh NgUdi da tdng nghien edu
va khao duyet nhieu hpc thuyet de rdi nhan ra, chl
ed ehu nghTa Mae, chu nghTa Le-nin va chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin la chan chfnh nha't, each mang nha't, thiet thUe va triet de nha't NgUdi quye't djnh tin then chu nghTa dd, Ida chpn chu nghTa dd trong hanh trang
sd nghiep cua minh Chuan
bj ve mat tu tudng, ly luan, chfnh trj va td chdc cho sU
T I P CHI IHONG TIN OOI NGOtlSO
2010
Trang 3Hl/dfNG DAN CHI DAO i
ra ddi Dang Cdng san d
Viet Nam, Ngudi da khang
djnh rang, phai gid ehu
nghTa cho vdng Dang phai
cd chd nghTa lam cdt de soi
dudng, gidng nhu con tau di
bien phai ed ban chf nam
Mdt trong nhdng diem
dae sac quy gia d Ho Chf
Minh la NgUdi tin ehu
nghTa Mac - Le-nin nhUng
tin va hanh ddng mdt each
sang tao chd khdng giao
dieu Ngddi ludn dat ehu
nghTa Mac - Le-nin trong
tinh hoa tU tUdng cua thdi
dai, trong van hda nhan
loai Ngddi xa la vdi mpi
bieu hien biet phai, giap
dieu, chat hep va cUc doan
NgUdi can dan can bd dang
vien va mpi ngUdi ehung ta,
nam vdng nhdng nguyen ly
ed ban cua chu nghTa Mac
- Le-nin, thau thai nhdng tri
thdc dp thi phai nam lay
tinh t h i n va phddng phap
cua chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin
de dng xd vdi cun ngddi va
cdng viec chp dung Phai
sang tap chd khdng sap
chep, may mdc Dd khdng
chl la khoa hpc va each
mang ma cdn la dao ddc,
sau xa la van hba, la nhdng
gia trj nhan van chu nghTa
d t l m thdi dai, d tinh hoa
van hda nhan loai ddpe the
hien trpng hpc thuye't cua
cac bae thay kinh dien Mae
- Le-nin Rd rang, trong
chieu sau tu tudng Hd Chf
M i n h , cb mdt chu nghTa
nhan van Ho Chf Minh can
phai dddc nhan thdc va van
dung sang tao ma mdi
Hpi thap khpa hpc qupc te vdi chu de "Di san Hp Chi Minh trpng thdi dai ngay nay" dp Hpc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh Quoc gia HP Chi Minh
tochiJc, ngay 12-13/5/2010
Anti: PV
chung ta dang theo dudi hien nay
Nghien cdu di san td tddng va sd nghiep eua Ngddi trong boat ddng thUe tien, ehung ta nhan tha^y nha tu tudng mac-xft sang tao Ho Chf Minh, nha nhan van ehu nghTa vT dai Hd Chf Minh chfnh la mdt mau mUe eua ngUdi epng san hien dai, ngudi cpng san cd hpc thdc va trf tue hien dai, nhd dd cd niem tin khoa hpe sau sac va triet de dd'i vdi chu nghTa xa hdi va chu nghTa cdng san, vUdn tdi
t l m cad td tddng cua thdi dai Can bd mau thjt vdi Td qud'e, dan tpc va nhan dan minh, thau hieu va thau cam cude sd'ng eua nhan dan, so phan cua dan tpc, d
Ho Chf M i n h , Idng yeu nude thuong dan cd cdi ngudn td truyen thdng da trd thanh lUc day manh Met
nha't de NgUdi tie'p nhan nhdng td tUdng Idn, tien tien cua thdi dai va di tdi chu nghTa xa hdi, chu nghTa cdng san Dac diem nay trpng hanh trlnh td tddng
Ho Chf Minh gdi ra rat nhieu dieu cho cac the he nhdng ngddi each mang do Ngddi khai tam, khai sang, giao dge va ren luyen Ld-gfc tu tudng va Ijch sd boat dpng each mang Hd Chf Minh dudi anh sang cua ehu nghTa Mac - Le-nin, eua Cach mang Thang Mddi va thdi dai mdi da chp tha'y, trong thdi dai ngay nay, yeu nUde thddng dan ta't ye'u dan den sU lUa chpn con dUdng phat trien
xa hdi chu nghTa va epng san ehu nghTa Ngddi cbng san cang the hien dung dan ban chat giai cap edng nhan bao nhieu cang nang Idng gan bd va trung thanh
U P CNI TNONG TIN DOI HGOtlSO IS
Trang 4I Hl/dfNG DAN CHi DAO
vdi n h a n dan va dan tdc
m i n h bay n h i e u , bdi ban
chat va sdc m a n h cua giai
c a p cdng nhan dddc nudi
d u d n g va phat trien t d trpng
ngpn ngudn truyen thd'ng
yeu nUde cua d a n tdc m i n h ,
giai cap d trong Idng d a n
tpc va khi giai cap edng
nhan t i e p thu dUde c h a n ly
cua thdi dai se dda dan tdc
m i n h tdi chu nghTa xa hpi
va chu nghTa cdng san N h d
dd, y thdc va t i n h c a m dan
tpc c h a n c h f n b se bat gap
va hda quyen vdi chu nghTa
qudc te chan e h i n h
N h d n g giae ngp ly luan
eung vdi nhdng trai n g h i e m
thdc tien trong da'u tranh
each m a n g da h i n h t h a n h d
H o Chf M i n h , vdi t d each
nha td tddng va nha boat
d d n g each m a n g , n h d n g
p h a t kie'n I d n , c d a n h
hddng trdc t i e p va quyet
d j n h tdi chieu hUdng phat
trien eua each m a n g nUde
ta D d la ddc lap dan tdc
gan lien vdi chu nghTa xa
hpi - quy luat phat trien eua
each m a n g Viet N a m Q u y
luat d d da chT ra eon dddng
phat trien eua dan tpc ta
trong thdi hien dai la qua
d p bd qua che dp tU ban
ehu nghTa, t i e n t d i ehu
nghTa xa hdi sau khi da
hoan t h a n h each m a n g giai
p h d n g dan tdc D i e u kien
de thdc hien t h a n g ldi qua
t r l n h each m a n g db la ket
hdp sdc m a n h dan tdc vdi
sde m a n h t h d i d a i , va trddc
bet phai cd mpt d a n g each
m a n g , dpi t i e n phong cua
giai cap cdng n h a n , eua
d a n tpc lanh dao, mpt dang each m a n g kieu m d i lay chu nghTa M a c - Le-nin lam nen tang tU tUdng va k i m ehl nam h a n h d d n g Cach
m a n g k h d n g p h a i la sd
nghiep chi rieng nhdng ngddi cdng san thdc hien
ma la sd nghiep cua nhan dan, cua ca dan tpc, dp dd, phai coi doan ket, dai doan ket toan dan tdc la mdt tU tddng chie'n lUdc, mpt dddng ldi chien Idpc cua each mang Viet Nam, gan lien doan ket toan dan tdc vdi doan ke't qudc te, lay doan ket trong Dang lam ndng cdt va hat nhan Mdt ket luan quan trpng dUpc
Hd Chf Minh rut ra va nang len tam chie'n lUde, thanh mpt triet ly nhan sinh va hanh ddng, dd la, mudn xay dUng thanh cdng ehu nghTa xa hdi thi phai danh bai chu nghTa ca nhan
Theo Id-gfc dd Dang phai thdc sd la mdt td chdc each mang tien tien, cd td chdc chat che, cd ky luat td giac
va nghiem minh, la Dang chien da'u va hanh ddng vl dan Dang la dao ddc va van minh Gddng mau khdng ehl la mpt pham chat ma edn la phddng phap lanh dao td't nha^t, cd sdc thuyet phgc nhan dan tdt nha^t cua Dang Ly luan
va phUdng phap ay d tam tu tddng dd chi phdi phddng cham dng xd va hanh ddng
Ho Chf Minh, ndi ft lam nhieu, ldi ndi phai di ddi vdi viec lam, cd ly ed tinh
kien quye't chdng chu nghTa
ca nhan nhdng lai rat mUc quan tam va tdn trpng tdng
ea nhan, biet cham IP thdc hien nhdng Ipi feh va nhu
e l u hdp ly, chfnh dang cua tdng ngddi, tdng ehu the nhan each
Tu tudng Hd Chf Minh, qua nhdng trlnh bay tren day la mdt he thdng chat che ve Id-gfc va tha'm nhuIn sau sac quan diem thUe t i i n , quan diem phat trien, la td tUdng each tan, hien dai va thddng xuyen ddi mdi Dd khbng ehi la dddng Idi chfnh trj ehien Idde ma edn la dao ddc va van hda
Ngddi khdng ch? dda
dan toe minh td nd le tdi tU
do ma cdn lam cho dan tpc Viet Nam yeu quy cua NgUdi ddng van hang ngu cac dan tdc tien phong trong thdi dai mdi
2- Sang tao noi bat ciia Ho Chi Minh ve doc lap dan toe va chu nghe xa hpi
Cd the ndi, ddc lap dan tpc gan lien vdi chu nghTa
xa hpi dupc cdi la sdi ehl
dd, xuyen subt trong he thd'ng tu tudng Ho Chi Minh Hinh thanh tU tUdng nay de djnh hUdng nd, thanh quan diem va dddng ldi chfnh trj dd'i vdi Hd Chf Minh la ca mpt qua trlnh Ngddi vda hpe tap va nghien edu ly luan, vda tham gia eac phong trao da'u tranh chfnh trj eua
T t P CHi IHONG TIN OOI HGOtlSO
2010
Trang 5Hl/GfNG DAN CHI DAO i
c d n g n h a n va lao ddng d
n h d n g ndi ma NgUdi da d i
qua, da true t i e p lan ldn va
trai n g h i e m sudt ma'y t h a p
ky trong cude hanh t r l n h
t l m dudng cdu nUdc, cdu
dan Bang eon dUdng lao
d d n g , NgUdi lam du m p i
nghe, d i qua nhieu m i e n
da't khac nhau, lai nhieu
nam d A n h va d Phap, t h a m
gia eae sinh boat cua c d n g
n h a n , t h d t h u y e n , d ngay
trung t a m cua ehu nghTa tU
ban va ehu nghTa thUe d a n ,
NgUdi cd dieu kien quan sat
trdc tiep tha'y c a n h sd'ng
cua nhdng ngddi lao d p n g
dddi ach ap bde, bde Ipt tan
bap cua t d ban d c h f n h
qudc ddi vdi eae dan tdc
thudc dja va phg thupc
ThUe tidn nay rat quan
trpng ddi vdi nhan thdc cua
NgUdi ve ban chat cua c h u
nghTa tU ban va thUc d a n
eung nhu hinh thanh d
Ngddi tinh hdu ai giai ea^p
dd'i vdi nhdng ngddi eung
khd; du m l u da, tieng ndi
khac nhau nhUng hp deu cd
chung mpt canh ngd, mpt
than phan nd le, do dd
eung cd chung ke thd, cung
cd khat vpng giai phdng de
gianh lay quyen sd'ng trong
ddc lap, td dp
Trong qua trlnh tlm
dddng cdu nUdc, cdu dan va
djnh hudng dddng Idi chfnh
trj giai phdng dan tdc,
Nguydn Ai Quo'c - Hd Chf
Minh khdng chi boat ddng
d chau Au, d cac nUde
phUdng Tay ma NgUdi cbn
boat dpng d phUdng Dbng,
chau A, tlm hieu thUc t i i n cac phong trao da'u tranh d Trung Qud'e va Thai-Ian
Dd la nhdng ed lieu gidp chp Ngddi SP sanh, phan tfch, tlm ra nhdng diem tddng ddng va khac biet trong cae ket ca'u kinh
te - xa hdi, eac mau thuan giai cap va dan tdc d nhdng khu vUc dja - chfnh trj tieu bieu, ndi dien ra nhdng phan hda va mau thuan giai cap, dan tdc rat khac nhau gida phUdng Tay
va phUdng Ddng, gida chau
Au tu ban chu nghTa vdi chau A dang edn tdn tai rat nhieu tan tfch phong kien
va dang la dd'i tddng khai thac, nd djch eua ehu nghTa thUe dan
Md'i quan tam dae biet ndi bat cua NgUdi la tinh hinh Ddng DUdng, dac biet
la Viet Nam khi dd mat dpe lap chu quyin va dang bi ehu nghTa thdc dan de nen, thd'ng trj
Do dd, dd'i vdi Nguyen
Ai Qud'e - Hd Chf Minh, viec nghien cdu, khao sat the gidi ben ngoai, khu vdc
va qudc te, trddc het nham hddng tdi giai phdng va phat trien dan tpc minh, dat each mang Viet Nam trong phpng trao each mang the gidi, sao eho phu hdp vdi trao luu, xu the chung cua thdi dai
Vay sang tao va cd'ng hien ljch sd cua Ho Chf Minh ve tU tUdng dpe lap dan tpc va chu nghTa xa
hdi la nhdng gl? Cd the ndi tdi nhdng diem ndi bat sau day:
Mot, nhan thdc sang tao ve chij nghTa Mac va chu nghia Mac - Le-nin
Nghien cdu cae tac pham ly luan cua Mac, NgUdi nhan tha'y mdt trong nhdng du diem dae sac nha't eua Mae va chu nghTa Mac la phep bien chdng TrUdc het, dd la phep bien chdng eua phat trien xa bpi, la khoa hpe va each mang cua sU phat trien, xda
bd trat td xa hdi eu bat edng
va tan bao, hUdng tdi xay ddng trat tU xa hpi mdi, dan chu, cdng bang va nhan dao, xdng dang nha't vdi con ngddi Dd la chu nghTa edng san Ngddi cung dac biet de eao hpe thuyet each mang cua Le-nin, ca trf tue khpa hpe, tfnh triet de each mang va ca dao ddc, nhan each eua ngUdi sang lap ra hpc thuyet Dang kieu mdi, lanh dao thanh edng eudc each mang vT dai nhat trpng Ijch sd d the ky 20, bie'n ehu nghTa xa hpi td mdt hpe thuye't ly luan thanh hien thUe, thanh mdt che dp xa hpi mdi
Nhd da ndi d tren, nha
td tddng mac-xft sang tap
H P Chf Minh da nhln nhan ehu nghTa Mac, chu nghTa epng san mpt each khoa hpc va tham nhuan quan diem thUe tien, quan diem Ijch sd - cu the Ngddi nhan rd, ehu nghTa Mac la ke't tinh tinh hoa trf tue va
U P CHi THONG TIN OOI NGOtlSO 2010 IS
Trang 6I Hl/dfNG DAN CHi DAO
t u t u d n g cua t h d i d a i , eua
v a n hda n h a n loai Song,
N g d d i c u n g dat ra m p t v a n
de he't sdc n g h i e m tuc eua
n h a n t h d c khoa hpc Thep
d a n h gia cua NgUdi: " M a c
da x a y d d n g hpe thuye't
cua m i n h tren mpt triet ly
nha't d j n h cua l j c h s d ,
n h d n g Ijch sd nap? Ljch sd
chau A u M a chau A u la
gl? D d chda p h a i la toan
the n h a n l o a i " ^
NgUdi dat van de ve sU
can thiet phai van d u n g
quan d i e m va phUPng p h a p
duy vat bien chdng cua chu
nghTa M a c de xem xet sU
khae nhau c d ban gida ke't
ca'u kinh te va ket ca'u xa
hdi - giai cap gida phUdng
T a y v d i p h d d n g D d n g
NgUdi cung neu rd, m a i
day, khi chu nghTa t d ban
phUdng Tay lam thay ddi
phUdng D d n g thi da'u tranh
giai cap ed t r d nen quye't
Net khdng? va NgUdi khang
d j n h , dai the la ed, neu xet
gUdng cua N h a t Ban NgUdi
cdn giai t h f c h rang, that ra
la c d , v l sd Tay phUdng hda
ngay cang tang va ta't ye'u
eua p h d d n g D d n g - ndi
each khae, chu nghTa M a c
se cdn d u n g ca d d d
Neu phan hda giai cap
da trd nen rd ret va dd'i
khang giai cap t d sd phan
hda ay la sau sac va gay gat
(tu san va vb san) d phUdng
Tay trong nen san xua't tU
ban chu nghTa thi d phddng
D d n g va V i e t N a m lai
khdng han la n h d vay CJ
day, ndi bat len mau thuan
gida dan tdc Viet N a m vdi chu nghTa tU b a n , chu nghTa thdc dan xam Idpc va be Id tay sai ban nUdc va d d la mau t h u i n chd yeu Do d d ,
d phddng D d n g , trong d d cd Viet N a m dac trdng ndi bat
va nhu c l u ca'p thie't, d d la giai p h d n g d a n ' t p c , la giai quye't mau thuan gida d a n tdc vdi chu nghTa tU b a n , ehu nghTa thUc dan x a m lupc de gianh ddc lap, xda
bd t i n h trang thudc dja va phg thude dddi ach dd h d ,
t h d n g trj cua thdc d a n
D d la ly do giai t h f c h v l sao, Ngddi chu trUPng dpan ket ta't ca cac giai c a p trong dan tpc de tao ra sdc m a n h giai p h d n g Trong khi t i n tddng chac ehan rang, ly luan eua chu nghTa M a e la
dung dan khdng chi d phuong Tay ma cdn d phddng Ddng, Ngddi edn
cd dd bao d i y man cam rang, chu nghTa cpng san thfch dng de hdn chfnh trong thdc tien phUdng Ddng, chau A va Viet Nam Mdt trong nhdng cd
sd luan chdng cho gia thuye't dd la sdc manh doan ket dan tpc, truyen thd'ng cpng ddng da td ra ra't g i n gui vdi ban cha't cua chu nghTa cpng san
Nhdng luan diem neu tren dUpe Nguyin Ai Qud'e ndi rd vao nam 1924, khi NgUdi da la mdt ngddi epng san, hpat dpng trong Dang Cdng san Phap, trong ban nghien edu chfnh sach thupc dja cua Dang, du
tha'y tu chat va ban iTnh sang tao cua ngUdi edng san tre tudi vdi sdc bdt pha cua
tu duy va tU tUdng vddt trddc thdi dai nhd the nao Sau nay, NgUdi cdn cd nhiiu luan diem sang tao khac ddi vdi viec nhan thdc ban chat khoa hpc va each mang cua ehu nghTa Mac -Le-nin Cd the neu mdt vai
VI dg tieu bieu NgUdi nhln nhan chu nghTa Mae - Le-nin trong ddng ehay cua sU tien hda tU tUdng, biet thau thai ta't ca nhdng gl tie'n bd, du tu, tinh hoa eua
tu tudng va van hda nhan loai de vda hieu rd sd 4Dhong phd cua tU tUdng, van hda nhan loai, vda thay
sd phat trien nhay vpt cua nhdng tU tUdng mac-xft vd'n khdng tach rdi, khdng d ben ngoai ma d trong tdng
sd va tdng hpp eua toan bd nhdng gia trj tinh hoa dd Chang the ma, Ngddi cd the tin theo Mac - Le-nin nhung v i n het sde tran trpng tu tudng td bi, bac ai cua dao Phat, khoan dung van hda cao ca eua chda
Je-su, tinh t h i n thdc tien trong Tam dan ehu nghTa cua Tdn Trung Sdn Rd rang, Hd Chf Minh la nha mac-xft khdng biet phai, giao d i i u , biet tiep nhan van hda de nam lay tinh t h i n va phUdng phap cua chu nghTa Mae -Le-nin Vdi Ho Chf Minh, ehu nghTa Mae - Le-nin khbng chi la khoa hpc va each mang ma edn la dao ddc va van hda Ngudi da tdng ehi rd, dpe hang tram,
TtP CHI THONG TIN OOI NGOtlSO
2010
Trang 7hang nghln quyen sach
Mac - Le-nin ma an d vdi
nhau khbng ed tinh cd
nghTa thi lam sao gpi la
hieu chu nghTa Mae -
Le-nin dupe Ngudi cung la
nha tu tudng mac-xft ndi
bat nha't khi tie'p can chu
nghTa xa hdi, chfnh tri eua
giai cap cdng nhan va ban
chat cda Dang cpng san td
gbc dp dap ddc hpc va van
hda dao ddc Ngddi ndi,
ehu nghTa xa hdi dd'i lap vdi
ehu nghTa ca nhan, tUtUdng
xa hdi chu nghTa ddi lap vdi
tu tudng ea nhan chu nghTa,
chfnh trj edt d doan ket va
thanh khiet Dang la dao
ddc, la van minh
Chan ly - mdt y,a'n de
cua nhan thdc luan khoa
hpe, dupc Hd Chf Minh md
rdng sang binh dien dao
ddc hpc Cai gl tdt eho dan,
cd lpi chp dan, cai dd la
chan ly Phuc vg nhan dan,
lam ebng bpc trung thanh
va tan tuy eua dan la phgc
tung chan ly cao nha't, la
Ida chpn mpt le sdng eao
thupng nha't
Van dgng ehu nghTa
Mae - Le-nin, NgUdi dac
biet chd trpng yeu c l u sang
tao, khdng may mdc rap
khubn, mudn vay, phai hieu
rd hoan canh, nhdng dieu
kien ljch sd cg the va dae
diem cua tdng qudc gia,
dan tpc NgUdi can dan
ehung ta phai ehu y hpe tap
kinh nghiem cua Lien Xb,
Trung Qud'e va cae nudc
anh em nhUng khdng dUde
sao chep ma phai cd tinh
t h i n ddc lap td ehu NgUdi ndi rd, ta va Lien Xd rat khac nhau v i trlnh dp phat trien, v i ljch sd va van hda
Trong cdng cupc xay dUng ehu nghTa xa hdi, lam khac vdi Lien Xd, van la ngUdi mac-xft
Nhan thdc ddng dan, van dung sang tao va phat trien chu nghTa Mae - Le-nin vao hoan canh, d i i u kien Ijch sd dae thu eua Viet Nam la diem xua't phat va thUe t i i n , v i y thdc
he eua Hd Chf Minh Dd ehang nhdng la ed sd de ed nhdng phat kie'n sang tao, nhdng cdng hien cua Ho Chf Minh v i tU tUdng ddc lap dan tdc va chu nghTa
xa hdi ma cdn la sU cd'ng hien dae sac cua NgUdi gdp p h i n lam phong phu chu nghTa Mac - Le-nin va khp tang ly luan each mang the gidi
Hai, vach tran ban chat cua chu nghTa tit ban, chu nghTa de quoc, thi/c dan va iihang dinh tu" tifdng ve each mang giai phdng dan tgc d thuoc dia phai phoi hap chat che vdi each mang vo san d chinh qudc;
each mang giai phong dan tgc d thuoc dia cd tinh doc lap, tl/chu va cd kha nang gianh thing Igi tru'dc each mang vo san d" chinh quoc
Nguyin Ai Qud'e - Hd Chf Minh la ngUdi da vie't tae pham ly luan mac-xft
"Ban an ehe dp thdc dan Phap" rat ndi tieng vao nam 1925 Tac pham nay
Hl/dfNG DAN CHI DAO •
la sd tdng ket Ijch sd, mpt cao trang ddi vdi chu nghTa thdc dan, de sau dd 20 nam, vao nam 1945, Ngddi viet "Tuyen ngdn dpe lap", khai sinh ehe dp dan chu cpng hda eua nddc Viet Nam dpe lap, ddng thdi la
sd cap chung che dp thdc dan d Viet Nam sau hon 80 nam tdn tai cda nd
Trong phan tfch eua NgUdi: "Chu nghTa td ban
la mdt eon dia cd mdt eai vdi bam vao giai cap vd san d chfnh qude va mdt vdi khac bam vao giai cap
vd san d cac thupc dja Neu ngUdi ta mudn giet eon vat ay, ngUdi ta phai ddng thdi cat ca hai vdi Neu ngUdi ta ehi eat mdt vdi thdi thi eai vdi kia van tiep tgc hut mau eua giai cap vd san, con vat van tiep tue sdng va eai vdi bj eat ddt lai se mpc ra""*
Cung nhd vay, each mang phai ed sU phd'i hpp
d ea chfnh qud'e va thudc dja, gid'ng nhu mot con chim hai canh, mdt canh
vd d thupc dja, mdt canh
vd d chfnh qud'e Sd d i i n dat cg the va gian di tren day da ham chda td tddng
ve tfnh triet de cua each mang ehd'ng chu nghTa tU ban, thUe dan va tfnh ta't ye'u eua sd phd'i hop phong trao each mang d cac nddc thupc dja, phu thudc
va d cac nUdc td ban chu nghTa Dd la bieu hien lap trUdng each mang triet de
va chu nghTa qud'e te cua
U P CNI THOHG TIN BOI NGOtlSO
Trang 8I Hl/dfNG DAN CHI DAO
giai cap cdng nhan tren
toan the gidi
Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd
Chf Minh da nhan rd, ddi
vdi nhdng ngddi lao ddng
va vd san d khap mpi ndi,
du m l u da cd khac nhau
nhdng hp d i u ed chung mdt
ke thu va cdng ed chung
mdt mgc tieu tranh da'u
Dequd'c thdc dan, d dau
dau cung la ac quy, phai
danh dd nd di Cdn anh em
vd san d dau dau edng la
ban be, anh em, ddng chf
eua nhau
"Tren ddi nay chi cd hai
gid'ng ngddi: gidng ngddi
bde lot va gidng ngddi bj
bde lot Ma eung chi ed mdt
mdi tinh hdu ai la that ma
thdi: tinh hdu ai vd san"^
NgUdi d i cap tdi tinh
hinh Ddng DUdng va nhdng
ed sd chd sd chfn mudi
each mang d dd Dd vda la
nhdng khang djnh khoa
hpc, vda la nhdng dU bap
chfnh trj man cam NgUdi
da tdng viet: "NgUdi Ddng
DUPng khdng chet, ngddi
Ddng Duong v i n sdng,
sdng mai mai SU d i u ddc
ed he thdng cua bpn tU ban
thUe dan khdng the lam te
Met sde sdng, cang khdng
the lam te liet tUtUdng each
mang cua ngUdi Ddng
Dddng Ludng gid td nddc
Nga thd thuyin, td Trung
Qud'e each mang hoac td
An Dp chien,da'u dang thdi
den giai dpe cho ngUdi
Ddng Dddng"^ Theo danh
gia cua NgUdi: "Dang sau
sd phgc tung tieu cdc, ngUdi Ddng Dddng giau mdt cai
gl dang sdi sgc, dang gao thet va se bung nd mpt each ghe gdm, khi thdi ed de'n Bd phan du tu cd nhiem vu phai thue day eho thdi cd dd mau de'n Sd tan bao cua ehu nghTa td ban da chuan bj da't rdi:
ehu nghTa xa hdi chi cdn phai lam eai viee la gieo hat gidng cua cdng cude giai phdng nda thdi"^ Cho den khi, Luan cddng Le-nin dupe NgUdi ha'p thg nhU tlm tha'y cam nang, NgUdi
da xac djnh rd rang eon dudng giai phdng dan tpc la CPU dddng each mang vd san, ed the gianh dUdc thang ldi trUdc, neu biet dUa tren ndi lUc eua chfnh dan toe minh
Ba, Nguyen Ai Quoc
-Ho Chi Minh da giai quye't thanh cong mdi quan he giO'a dan tgc vdi giai cap, givla giai phdng dan tgc vdi giai phong giai cap tren lap tru'dng giai cap cong nhan
Nhieu luan diem cho tha'y tfnh he thd'ng va sU nha't quan eua Ho Chf Minh v i va'n de dpe lap dan tdc va each mang giai phdng dan tpc
Thdi dai da he md, da chl ra each thdc giai quyet van de dd Dd chfnh la giai cap cdng nhan thdc hien sd menh Ijch sd eua nd
Cai mdi va ban ITnh sang tao cua Ho Chf Minh
la d chd:
- Khdng tach rdi giai ca'p khdi dan tdc Neu khdng gianh dddc dpe lap chu q u y i n chp dan tdc thi chang nhdng dan tdc v i n mai mai trong vdng nd le
ma giai cap cdng khdng thoat khdi tinh canh nd le
va bj giam ham trong kiep ngda trau So' phan dan tpc va giai ca'p g i n l i i n vdi nhau
- Giai phdng dan tdc tren lap trddng giai cap cdng nhan, ddng vdng tren nen tang y thdc he cua giai ca'p edng nhan, vUdt qua y thdc he phong kien da ldi thdi va cung vUdt qua nhdng ban ehe eua y thdc
he tu san Giai quyet va^n
de dan tdc va giai phdng dan tdc tren lap trddng giai cap cdng nhan, theo y thdc
he eua giai cap cdng nhan nen each mang giai phdng dan tdc vdi mue tieu gianh dpe lap dan tdc phai dp giai ca^p edng nhan va dpi tien phong eua nd la Dang Cdng san lanh dao
Cung do dd, con dddng tien len cua dan tpc va eua
xa hpi Viet Nam chi ed the
la eon dddng xa hdi chu nghTa, gan l i i n dpe lap dan tdc vdi chu nghTa xa hdi bang each qua dp len chu nghTa xa hpi, bd qua che dp
td ban ehu nghTa
Theo dd, tU tUdng Hd Chf Minh da md ra eon dddng phat trien td't dep nha't cho dan tdc Viet Nam: dpe lap dan tdc va chu nghTa xa hdi Tu tudne Hd
T t P CHI THONG TIN OOI NGOIIISO
2010
Trang 9Hl/dfNG DAN CHI DAO I
Chf M i n h da dat n i n m d n g
ly luan eho each m a n g Viet
N a m trong t h d i dai m d i , da
cha'm d d t cupc k h u n g
hoang t r i i n m i e n t d gida
the ky 19 de'n d i u the ky
20 ve dudng Id'i edu nUde,
dddng Id'i phat trien d nUde
ta, da t l m tha'y con dudng
phat trien d u n g da'n, hdp
ly, cd trien v p n g nha't, phu
hpp vdi trao lUu t i e n hda
chung eua nhan loai va xu
the phat trien cua thdi d a i
Bon, nhd cd ly luan va
phu'ang phap each mang
dung dan, Ho Chi Minh da
cung vdi Dang, lanh dao
nhan dan va dan tgc ta
danh bai chu nghia thifc
dan kieu cu va mdi, difa
dan tgc ta vao hang ngu
cac dan tgc tien phong ciia
the gidi, da xay dutig chu
nghia xa hgi phu hgp vdi
hoan canh va dieu kien
cua nUdc ta
T u tudng H d Chf M i n h
ve ehu nghTa xa hdi cd
nhdng sang tao dae sac, ed
gia trj va y nghTa hien d a i ,
khdng ehl vdi nUde ta ma
cdn dd'i vdi eac nddc xa hpi
ehu nghTa khae trong loai
hinh " p h a t trien rut n g a n "
va "qua dp gian t i e p " , bd
qua che dp t d ban ehu
nghTa, thUe hien tdng bddc
td dan chu nhan dan tdi
chu nghTa xa h p i
Trong d i san tU tUdng H d
Chf M i n h , c d k h d n g ft
nhdng luan d i e m sau sac,
lam rd eau tra ldi ddi vdi
n h d n g cau hdi ldn cua thdi
dai dat ra: ehu nghTa xa hdi
la gl? Va xay d d n g c h u nghTa xa hpi nhU the nao?
Cd ca mpt he v a n d i ly luan ve chu nghTa xa hdi t d ban chat, muc tieu, dae trdng, con d u d n g , phddng thdc, m d h i n h va bddc d i cung n h u giai p h a p xay dUng chu nghTa xa hdi trong
sU k i t hdp gida t f n h p h d bien vdi tfnh dae t h d , t f n h giai cap - dan tpc - n h a n dan vdi tfnh t h d i dai va tfnh nhan loai trong the gidi dUdng dai ngay nay
Ho Chf M i n h , nhU da
n d i , da b d sung va phat trien ly luan ehu nghTa xa hdi khoa hpe eua chu nghTa
M a c m p t each t i e p c a n eung d d n g t h d i la quan
n i e m v i chu nghTa xa h p i
D d la tiep can dao ddc hpe
Ngddi da d d c a m t d rat sdm mdt van d e , ma ngay nay ta cang tha'y rd t f n h he trpng dd'i vdi sU phat trien cua chtj nghTa xa h p i : " t h a n g lpi cija chu nghTa xa hdi khdng the tach rdi t h a n g ldi cua cupc da'u tranh t r d bd chu nghTa ca n h a n " ^ Cung n h u vay, khdng d a m bao thUe hanh d a n chu rpng rai t h i khdng the c h d n g dddc quan lieu, lang phf, t h a m d, t h a m nhung Chu nghTa xa hdi la dd'i lap vdi ehu nghTa ea
n h a n T h a n h bai cua chu nghTa xa hdi tuy thudc vap viee nhu'ng ngddi xay d d n g ehu nghTa xa h d i , nha't la dpi ngu tien p h o n g cd du dung khf va quyet t a m de danh t h i n g t h d "giac ndi
x a m " ma Ngudi coi la ke
thu nguy h i e m nha't hay khdng? Do d d , chu nghTa xa hpi khdng ehi ia k i n h te -mdt nen kinh te p h d n v i n h , giau ed, mpt the che c h f n h trj dan chu - phap q u y i n ,
d a m bao q u y i n l a m chu thdc cha't cua nhan d a n , mdt xa hdi cdng b a n g , b i n h dang cho sd phat t r i e n hai hda ea nhan va edng d d n g ,
ma cdn la mpt nen tang dao ddc trong sach, tha'm sau vao cac quan he xa h d i , la mdt he gia trj van hda, k i t hpp dddc t r u y i n thd'ng, ban
s l e dan tpc vdi nhdng t i n h hpa cua t h d i dai v l ddc lap
- t u do - hanh phue c h o m p i con ngUdi, mpi dan tpc SU sau sac va t i n h te van hda, dae biet la van hda dap ddc cda Ho Chf M i n h la d e h d ,
N g d d i k h a n g d j n h m d t
n h i e m vg c h i e n Idde trong tie'n t r l n h xay dUng ehu nghTa xa h d i , d d la n h i e m
vu "trdng n g d d i " , dao tao, giao dge, ren luyen can bp, cpj d d la cdng viec gd'e cua
D a n g , va thUe h a n h dao ddc each m a n g dddc Ngddi quan t a m sud't ddi nhU mpt
c h i e n lupe, ca tU tUdng lan hanh ddng C h i e n lUpc d d
la cdt ldi cua c h i e n lUpc eon ngUdi, ehien lUdc xay
d d n g , phat t r i e n , d d n g t h d i
la chie'n lUdc bao ve chu nghTa xa h d i , lam cho each
m a n g D a n g each m a n g , ngddi each m a n g cd sdc
m a n h t d bao ve
NgUdi ehl rd, ban cha't sau xa va tfnh IAJ viet ndi bat cua chu nghTa xa hpi la thdc
rtP CHi THOHG IIH BOI NGOtlSO
2010
Trang 10hien va phat huy quyen lam
chu cua nhan dan
Ngddi khang djnh,
khdng gl quy bang dan,
khdng gl manh bang sdc
manh doan ket cua nhan
dan, va dan chu la quy bau
nha't tren ddi cua dan La
ehu the gd'e eua mpi quyin
lde, nhan dan phai la chu
sd hdu eua dan ehu, phai la
chu xa hpi, ehu Nha nUdc,
giam sat dddc Nha nude
eua minh NgUdi cdn nhan
manh, thUe banh dan ehu
rpng rai se la chiee ehia
khda van nang de giai
quye't mpi khd khan Vay
la, NgUdi da tha'y vai trd
ddng lde eua dan ehu dd'i
vdi tien bp va phat trien,
dd'i vdi chu nghTa xa hpi
Ly luan xay ddng chu
nghTa xa hpi eua Ho Chf
Minh tha'm nhuan sau sic
khdng chl tfnh khoa hpc va
each mang ma cdn la dao
ddc, la van hda, tdc la nhan
van Ngddi tdng ndi: "ehu
nghTa xa hpi cdng vdi khoa
hpc, chle ehan se dUa loai
ngUdi den hanh phuc vd
tan "^ Phai xay dUng xa
hdi xa hdi chu nghTa sao
chp ddi sd'ng vat cha't ngay
cang tang, ddi sd'ng tinh
t h i n ngay cang td't, xa hdi
ngay cang tie'n bd van
minh Ta't ca d i u nham vao
hanh phue eua nhan dan
"NhUng neu nUdc dpe lap
ma dan khdng hddng hanh
phuc td do, thi ddc lap cung
chang cd nghTa ly gl"^°
Mau chd't cua xay ddng
chu nghla xa hdi, theo Ho
Chf Minh la phai dda vao dan, dem tai dan, sdc dan
de mdu cau hanh phuc cho dan Viec gi cd ldi cho dan phai quyet lam cho bang dddc Viec gl cd hai tdi dan phai quyet tranh cho bang dUdc
Q u y i n lam chu cua dan, hanh phde cua dan,
sU phat trien tU do, dan chu, cdng bang trong xa hpi - dd la nhdng gia trj dam bao eho ehe dp phat trien ben vdng va chu nghTa xa hdi thdc sd la mpt
xa hpi van hda eao, trong
dd, eon ngUdi la con ngUdi
xa hdi chu nghla, nhan dan lam ehu, dan tdc trd thanh mpt dan tdc thdng thai
Nam, tW tw&ng Ho Chi Minh ve doc lap dan tgc gan lien vdi chu nghia xa hgi the hien mgt quan he bien chuTig, tham nhuan sau sac quan diem thUc tien - phat trien va ddi mdi
Nhdng luan giai cd dpng, ham xue cua Ho Chf Minh cho tha'y, dpe lap dan tdc la t i i n d i , la d i i u kien cua chu nghla xa hpi,
dd la n i n tang chfnh trj, la
ed sd dan tpc eua ehu nghTa xa hdi Theo dd, chu nghTa xa hpi sinh thanh, phat trien va hoan thien
la dam bao thdc chat, d i y
du va b i n vdng nha't eua ddc lap dan tdc Dd cung
la thudc do dan chu va td
do cua phat trien xa hpi, mdt xa hdi van minh, hien dai ma Ijch sd tlm tha'y sd bieu hien td't nha't d ehu
nghla xa hdi Chu nghTa xa hdi, dd cung chfnh la each thdc td chdc xa hdi tdt nha't (td'i du) de lam cho To qude, da't nUde, qudc gia -dan tpc trddng tdn, eon ngUdi ca nhan va cdng ddng xa hdi dddc phat trien
td do, toan dien mpi kha nang sang tao, dddc thg hudng hanh phuc vat chat, tinh t h i n trong mpt mdi trUdng lanh manh, tdt dep nha't Dd cung chfnh la ham y sau xa trong mdt chan ly ldn ma Ho Cht Minh neu ra: "Khdng cd gl quy hPn ddc lap tU dp" Gia trj a'y cung chfnh la chu nghTa xa hdi, mdt ehu nghTa xa hdi phat trien thdng qua ddi mdi, sang tao va hien dai hda •
Chu thich
1 Ho Chi M i n h : Toan tap, NXB CTQG, H 2009, tap 4 , tr 161
2 Vo Nguyen G i a p , (chij bien):
Tu tLfdng H6 C h i M i n h va con dudng each mang Viet Nam, NXB C T Q G , H 1997,
tr 2 3 1 - 2 3 2
3 Ho Chl Minh: Toan tap, NXB CTQG, H I 995, Tap 1, tr.465
4 Ho Chi M i n h : Toan tap, Sdd, tap 1, tr 298
5 H 6 Chi M i n h : Toan tap, Sdd, tap 1, tr 266
6 H 6 Chi M i n h : Toan tap, Sdd, tap 1 , tr 28
7 Ho Chi M i n h : Toan tap, Sdd, tap 1, tr 28
8 H6 Chl M i n h : Toan tap, tap 9, NXB CTQG, H 2009, tr 2 9 1
9 Ho Chi M i n h : Toan tap, Sdd, lap 9, tr 1 3 1
10 Ho Chi M i n h : Toan tap, Sdd, tap 4, tr 56
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2010