Unit 9 PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT PART 1 VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A VOCABULARY aquatic (adj) dưới nước, sống ở trong nước article (n) bài báo chemical (n)/ (adj) hóa chất, hóa học confuse (v) làm[.]
Unit PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A VOCABULARY aquatic (adj) nước, sống nước article (n) báo chemical (n)/ (adj) hóa chất, hóa học confuse (v) làm lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn + confusion (n) lẫn lộn, nhầm lẫn consumption (n) tiêu thụ, tiêu dùng contaminate (v) làm bẩn, nhiễm damage (v) làm hại, làm hỏng deforestation (n) phá rừng, phát quang degraded (adj) giảm sút chất lượng deplete (v) làm suy yếu, cạn kiệt + depletion (n) suy yếu, cạn kiệt destruction (n) phá hủy, tiêu diệt ecosystem (n) hệ sinh thái editor (n) biên tập viên fertilizer (n) phân bón fossil fuel (n.phr) nhiên liệu hóa thạch global warming (n.phr) nóng lên tồn cầu greenhouse effect (n.phr) hiệu ứng nhà kính influence (v,n) ảnh hưởng, tác dụng inorganic (adj) vô long-term (adj) dài hạn, lâu dài mass-media (n.phr) truyền thông đại chúng pesticide (n) thuốc trừ sâu polar ice melting tan băng địa cực pollute (v) gây ô nhiễm + pollutant (n) chất ô nhiễm + pollution (n) ô nhiễm preserve (y) giữ gìn, bảo tồn + preservation (n) bảo tồn, trì protect (v) bảo vệ, che chở + protection (n) bảo vệ, che chở sewage (n) nước cống solution (n) giải pháp, cách giải vegetation (n) cỏ, thực vật B GRAMMAR REVIEW I REPORTED SPEECH Statement: Câu tường thuật Form: S + asked / told sb + that + Mệnh đề lùi Ex: “I will come back tomorrow” Mary said Mary said that she would come back the next day Note: said => said that / said to sb => told sb that Command: Câu yêu cầu, đề nghị Form: S+ asked / told + sb + (not) + to V Ex: “Don't talk in class” The teacher said to us The teacher told us not to talk in class Yes / No Questions Form: S + asked + (sb) + if / whether + Mệnh đề lùi Ex: "Can you speak English, Diep?" I asked I asked Diep if she could speak English Wh-Question Form: S + asked + (sb) + Wh + Mệnh đề lùi Ex: “Where are you from?” He asked me He asked me where I were from Khơng lùi Form: S+ V (hiện tại) + (sb) + Mệnh để không lùi Ex: “I'm very exhausted now” she says She says she is very exhausted now * BẢNG LÙI THÌ DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Simple present Simple past Present continuous Past continuous Present perfect Past perfect Simple past Past perfect Past continuous Past perfect continuous Future (will/shall) Future in the past (would/ should) Near future (be going to V) Was/were going to V Can Could May Might Must Had to Needn’t Didn’t have to * BẢNG LÙI TRẠNG NGỮ DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH this that these those here there now then ago before (earlier) today that day tonight that night tomorrow the next day/ the following day/ the day after yesterday the previous day/ the day before next + N the following + N/ the N + after last + N the previous + N the N + before PART 2: EXERCISES A PHONETICS I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined A government B borrowing C program D promotion A polar B land C impact D animal A possession B access C property D American A release B easy C threat D increase A preserve B conserve C fossil D discuss II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A protection B charity C chemical D neighbourhood A submarine B assignment C disposal D depletion A chemical B solution C disposal D erosion A scientist B chemical C injury D announcement A evidence B principle C allergy D awareness I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined A book B look C floor D good A contaminate B natural C damage D area A hate B mate C cake D manage A contaminate B deforest C pollute D protect A pesticide B impact C focus D practical II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A composer B invention C position D volunteer A pesticide B influence C invention D violence A energy B influence C animal D employment A pollution B depletion C property D confusion A advantage B editor C solution D pollutant VII Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences 15 My mother encouraged me for recycling A to collect B collecting C collect D should collect 16 The campaign things like water bottles and aluminum cans into new, useful objects like park benches, bikes, etc A becomes B recycles C turns D comes 17 Fish and poultry have a much lower impact the environment, and other plant proteins are even less damaging the planet A on - to B on - with C x - for D of - to 18 We get the energy we require for our everyday needs from many sources, but not all of them are A ecological B economic C unharmed D eco-friendly 19 Burning garbage dangerous gases to the environment, and this may lead to global warming A emits B throws C sends D rejects 20 Individually wrapped candy or chocolate causes a lot of trash, fruits and vegetables are healthier and mean less waste A because B while C so D as V Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences Jack asked me A where you come from? B where I came from C where I come from D where did I come from? She asked me I liked pop music A when B what C if D x The doctor him to take more exercise A told B tell C have told D are telling I wanted to know return home A when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would Claire told me that her father a race horse A owns B owned C owning D A and B What did that man say ? A at you B for you C to you D you I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it raining there A is B were C has been D was The builders have that everything will be ready on time A promised B promise C promises D promising The doctor him to take more exercise A told B tell C have told D are telling 10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she'd been on holiday the week A ago B following C next D previous 11 Fossil fuels which are non-renewable pollute the air and cause air A pollution B solution C contaminate D consumption 12 Recycling provides a method of reducing the amount of waste materials that gets to the landfills - thus it less probable for environmental pollution to take place A making B doing C causing D trying 13 If wastes are thrown , they can cause pollution in water, land and air A inappropriately B disappointingly C eco-friendly D favourably 14 Trees not only bring nature to urban areas, but they also help clean the air by absorbing pollutants, oxygen, water, and grow food A to provide - to save B to provide - save C providing - saving D provide - save 15 Air pollution is such a serious that it has been a direct factor in the of millions of people each year A threat - death B threat - deaths C threaten - death D threaten - deaths B VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR I Change into the reported speech He said “I have already read this book” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tom said to his sister “I want to buy a gift for our mother” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mrs Brown said “Where are they living?" ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… “Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… “May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… The manager said “Come into my office, please? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… “Do not get off the bus while it's going” said the driver ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!” ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 “Don't put your elbow on the table!” he said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I Change into the reported speech Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil contaminated." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources" the editor said ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "We are discussing the protection of the natural environment" the students told their teacher ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 "Use the web search engine to find the information that you need" Nam's father told him ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II Change into the reported speech Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea creatures." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "We can clean the beach together." said Nick ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water pollution." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway nearby cause noise pollution." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Mai said "The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Linda said "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the environment." ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit 10 ECOTOURISM PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A VOCABULARY adapt (v) làm thích ứng, làm thích nghi biosphere reserve (n) khu dự trữ sinh discharge (v) thải ra, xả eco-friendly (adj) thân thiện với môi trường ecology (n) hệ sinh thái ecotourism (n) du lịch sinh thái entertain (v) tiếp đãi, giải trí exotic (adj) từ nước ngồi đưa vào; ngoại lai; đẹp kì lạ fauna (n) hệ động vật flora (n) hệ thực vật impact (n) ảnh hưởng sustainable (adj) không gây hại cho môi trường; bền vững tour guide (n) hướng dẫn viên du lịch B GRAMMAR REVIEW I CONDITIONALS Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen thật hiển nhiên a Habit (Thói quen) Ex: If + simple present tense , + simple present tense I usually walk to school if I have enough time b Command (Mệnh Lệnh) If + simple present tense , + command form of verb + Ex: If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear anything from Jane Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE: Diễn tả khả xảy tương lai If S + V ( simple present), S + will/shall + V ( nguyên thể) Ex: If I have time, I will go Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL: Diễn tả tình khơng có thật tương lai If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + V Ex: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world → If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world Type 3: PAST UNREAL: Diễn tả tình khơng có thật q khứ If + S + had + Vp2 , S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2 Ex: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early → If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn: Form 1: Type Type If + S + had + Vp2, S + would/ could/ might + V Ex: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice → If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now Form 2: Type Type If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2 Ex: If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her PART 2: EXERCISES A PHONETICS I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined A weather B hearty C meadow D breath A public B scuba-diving C understand D culture A ruin B fruit C cruise D juice A relax B natural C safari D camping A biology B biosphere C biodiversity D biogas II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A ecology B minority C historical D favourable A energy B destination C understanding D degradation A environment B eco-friendly C inorganic D vegetation A ecology B scuba-diving C sustainable D phenomenon A adventurous B habitat C sustainable D traditional A preservation B equality C economic D entertainment II Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form The birds (be) _ scared and (fly) away if the birdwatchers (make) _ loud noises I (take) the laptop back to the shop if you (not know) _ how to fix it John and Ann (feel) _ disappointed if nobody (come) _ to their party If I (need) _ money to buy a dictionary, you (lend) _ me some? I (be) _ surprised if you (fail) _ the exam You're working so hard We (help) you to the housework if we (have) time If you (throw) plastic bags into the sea, the fish (eat) _ them and (die) You (cause) a forest fire if you (make) _ a campfire and then (leave) it unattended IV Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses If I had a typewriter I _ (type) it myself If I (know) his address I'd give it to you He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often If you _ (play) for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much If he worked more slowly he _ (not make) so many mistakes I shouldn't drink that wine if I _ (be) you More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate If I were sent to prison you _ (visit) me? If someone _ (give) you a helicopter what would you with it? 10 I _ (buy) shares in that company if I had some money V Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses If I had known that you were in hospital I _ (visit) you The ground was very soft But for that, my horse _ (win) If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week But for his quickness I _ (be) killed I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes 7 If he had slipped, he (fall) 500 metres If he had asked you, you (accept)? If I _ (had) a map I would have been all right 10 If I _- (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake VII Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences “Would you mind if we you by your first name?” - “Not at all Please call me Tom.” A called B call C calling D want to call She can't get home she has no money A unless B if C until D without If I had known your new address, we to see you A came B will come C would come D would have come If we took the 10:30 train, too early A we would arrive B we should arrive C we will arrive D we may arrive It's very crowded here I wish there so many people A aren't B weren't C haven't been D isn't I wouldn't go there at night if I you A am B was C were D had been If I get a rode, I'll go fishing A can B could C may D might If they had enough time, they head south A will B can C must D might If you a choice, which country would you visit? A have B had C have had D will have 10 Trees won't grow there is enough water A if B when C unless D as 11 I have a test to take tomorrow morning If I free time, I to Cuc Phuong National Park with you A had - would go B will have - will go C have - will go D had - went 12 Phong Nha Cave has been regarded by the British Cave Research Association as the top cave in the world its four top records A despite B with C due to D because 13 the decisive assistance of the villagers, we would not be able to facilitate the ecotour A But B Neither C With D Without 14 According to the weather forecast, it will be fine at the weekend If the weather fine, we on camping at the weekend A were - would go B was – went C is - will go D will be - go 15 After lunch, we take a short talk to the elephant camp you will enjoy an exciting elephant riding A where B what C that D when 16 You can climb up Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America, to explore the rest of Denali National Park in Alaska, and view some wildlife A interested B spectacular C excited D great 17 The vast wilderness of Alaska offers some unbelievable ecotourism opportunities, and one of the most tourism industries in the USA A sustainable B natural C safe D environmental 18 Villagers can compete against the commercial fishing and timber companies who the natural resources of the area, taking as much as they want A deplete B lower C leave D decrease 19 The Mekong Delta is an extraordinary place that international tourists A offers B considers C attracts D persuades 20 The areas are very for tourists who love to study and discover A suitable B available C successful D aware I Rewrite the conditional sentences for the following situations Phong doesn't have enough money so he can't travel abroad ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I don't drive too close to the animals on safari They don't get scared ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tom doesn't have a passport He can't travel abroad ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… There are so many tourists visiting the national parks The environment there is badly damaged ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tourists throw litter in the river The water is polluted ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I can't swim, so I'm not going scuba - diving with you ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I want to go on an eco-tour to Phu Quoc National Park, but I don't have any holiday ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… These students not work hard They can't pass the exam ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… II Rewrite the conditional sentences for the following situations Hoa's got so much homework that she can't go out with her friends tonight ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Sue doesn't have Tony's email address She can't send him a message ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I could make a cake for you, but there aren't any eggs in the fridge now ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nancy doesn't live near the park She can't go running there every morning ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nam can't swim He is not allowed to go to the swimming pool alone ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I can't go to the concert because I have a lot of homework to ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Nam doesn't have a camera, so he can't take pictures of his trip ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined A conserve B preserve C reserve D desert A mile B militant C smile D kind A peace B great C treat D meat A destruction B sustainable C status D nature A device B deplete C exotic D challenge II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A activity B enjoyable C economy D difficulty A environment B ecology C intervention D community A Vietnamese B contribution C conservation D concentrate A alternative B competitive C conservative D inexpensive A economical B ecological C environmental D unavoidable A eliminate B concentration C eventually D inhabitant III Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences 11 The gardens and islets near the Tien and Hau River are very attractive ecotourism of the region A views B scenes C sights D destinations 16 We can help the environment by using green and sustainable energy sources A waste B save C keep D enjoy 17 Ecotourism are important to the overall sustainable energy sources A drawings B designs C intentions D plans 18 Texas is to a number of eco-tour companies, and plenty of ranches and resorts A home B house C accommodation D building 19 Seattle is one of the most cities in the US A ecosystem B eco-friendly C ecology D ecological 20 In Alaska, the ecotourism operators are designed to help minimise tourism , which may be more difficult to control as an independent traveler A result B impact C action D power ... area, taking as much as they want A deplete B lower C leave D decrease 19 The Mekong Delta is an extraordinary place that international tourists A offers B considers C attracts D persuades 20... contribution C conservation D concentrate A alternative B competitive C conservative D inexpensive A economical B ecological C environmental D unavoidable A eliminate B concentration C eventually... the part underlined A conserve B preserve C reserve D desert A mile B militant C smile D kind A peace B great C treat D meat A destruction B sustainable C status D nature A device B deplete C