Nutrition and Health potx

[...]... Chapter Chapter 3 Pregnancy and lactation The general principles of nutrition apply to both the pregnant and non-pregnant woman and most of the Chapters of this book are therefore of importance to all pregnant women and those likely to become pregnant This Chapter deals with some of the special aspects of nutrition during pregnancy and lactation The health of a pregnant woman and her developing baby depends... heat and can be measured accurately in specialized laboratories The 4 Nutrition and Health technique is called direct calorimetry Because this requires special expensive apparatus and is very time consuming, the energy produced by the body can also be calculated from the amount of oxygen taken up and the carbon dioxide given off in the breath This method, called indirect calorimetry, is easy, cheap and. .. natural course of events in pregnancy is for the healthy mother to gain about 9– 10 kg in body weight This is brought Pregnancy and lactation need a about by growth of the breasts, by growth good supply of protein, iron, calcium and vitamins, especially of the uterus and its contents, by an folate expanded blood volume and by the Liver, peanuts, soft cheeses and pâtés should be avoided accumulation of about... doctors and health professionals I would like to thank Professors Anthony Angel and Peter W.Andrews of the Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, for the very generous facilities they provided during the several years it has taken to write this book Gerald Wiseman Chapter 1 Energy All the energy needed for growth and repair of the body, for muscular activity of all kinds and for... appearance, more comfort and improved job prospects, it will not necessarily bring happiness or cure all problems At the start of a slimming regime a realistic target should be set and some degree of flexibility allowed for Some people lose weight more easily than others For most, there is no urgency to lose weight and a reduction of about 0.5 kg (1 lb) per 10 Nutrition and Health week after the first... carbohydrate and fat, the protein is used for energy and is then not available for other purposes As dietary protein is generally less abundant than carbohydrate and fat, and usually more expensive, using protein for energy is comparatively wasteful In some communities, however, there may be plentiful protein and it may then be eaten in sufficient quantity to be used for both cell building and for energy... of food and its energy to be used later when food is scarce How long a healthy adult can survive without food depends to a large extent on the fat stored: with adequate water, people have lived for many weeks When people die during starvation they often still have some fat in their 2 Nutrition and Health body They die because during starvation body protein is metabolised as well as body fat and it is... United Kingdom and is unlikely to occur unless the mother is badly malnourished and the infant weaned early on an inadequate diet The most marked damage is deranged bone growth at the ends of the long bones and ribs, with painful swelling around the joints, especially in the arms The infant tends to lie mainly on its back and cries if handled (a normal crying baby tends to stop crying on being handled) There... upper arm with a tape-measure A point midway between the shoulder and the elbow is used with the arm at rest, preferably hanging down This simple measurement reflects the size of the underlying muscles and the subcutaneous fat, as well as the bone and the skin In undernourished persons and in those overweight it will be the muscles and the fat which will change in bulk rather than the other tissues... is small and most people can soon accommodate to it Second, it enables the subject to get used to a new style of eating over a substantial period and this new eating pattern can gradually and permanently replace the previous one Body weight should be measured about once a week, using the same scales in the morning before eating or drinking and after emptying the bladder Change in body water and in the . class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" Nutrition and Health Nutrition and Health Gerald Wiseman MD PhD Department of Biomedical Science University of Sheffield UK London and New York First published 2002 by. of human nutrition from this book, which will also be of value to students, teachers, nurses, doctors and health professionals. I would like to thank Professors Anthony Angel and Peter W.Andrews. adequate and properly balanced the energy normally comes chiefly from carbohydrate and fat, while most of the protein is used for cell growth and repair. When there is not enough carbohydrate and