Opportunity In Crisis - Preventing HIV From Early Adolescence To Early Adulthood potx

Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood OPPORTUNITY in CRISIS EMBARGOED 1 June 2011 Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) June 2011 Permission to reproduce any part of this publication is required. Please contact: Division of Communication, UNICEF 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: (+1 212) 326-7434 Email: nyhqdoc.permit@unicef.org Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-prot organizations. Others will be requested to pay a small fee. ISBN: 978-92-806-4586-6 elSBN: 978-92-806-4593-4 United Nations publication Sales No. E.11.XX.5 United Nations Children’s Fund 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017, USA Email: pubdoc@unicef.org Website: www.unicef.org All photographs © UNICEF Design concept and production: Green Communication Design inc. www.greencom.ca UNAIDS, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, brings together the eorts and resources of 10 UN system organizations to the global AIDS response. Co-sponsors include UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP, UNDP, UNFPA, UNODC, ILO, UNESCO, WHO and the World Bank. Based in Geneva, the UNAIDS secretariat works on the ground in more than 75 countries worldwide. CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. State of the epidemic among young people 4 3. Very young adolescents 9 4. Older adolescents 13 5. Young adults 20 6. Adolescents and young people living with HIV 24 7. Opportunities for action 28 References 30 Annex: Then and now: The ten-step strategy from Young People and HIV/AIDS: Opportunity in crisis (2002) 34 Statistical Table 1: Demographic, epidemiology and education indicators for adolescents and young people 36 Statistical Table 2: Knowledge, sexual behaviour, access and testing indicators for young people 44 Statistical Table 3: HIV and AIDS indicators for higher-risk young people 52 Classications 60 Poster: A global view of HIV infections in adolescents and young people [...]... were more open to voluntary testing and counselling, and had more positive attitudes towards people living with HIV. 61 Uganda’s Straight Talk Foundation, specializing in social change via print, radio and face -to- face communication, launched Young Talk, a newspaper for upper-primaryschool-aged children, in 1998, aiming to help children “gain Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood 11... new injecting drug use among young people by working with current users Besides being taught skills, participants in the programme are asked not to help other users initiate injecting drug use, not to inject in front of non-injectingdrug users and not to talk about the ‘benefits’ of injecting drug use in front of non-users Preliminary findings show that adolescents who would like to try injecting drugs... marketing campaign in Zimbabwe that focused on understanding the behaviours that brought about risk helped boost public-sector distribution of female condoms from 400,000 in 2005 to 2 million in 2008, and increased sales from 900,000 to 3 million in the same time period.112 Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood 21 Many of the successes of HIV prevention in Asia are due to the combination... recent study in South Africa showed that adding a targeted health component to micro-finance programmes increased women’s empowerment, reduced their experience of intimate-partner violence and increased HIV protective behaviours, compared to women engaged in the microfinance activity only.125 Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood 23 6 ADOLESCENTS and YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING with HIV The challenge... companies in four provinces, with the effort now set to go nationwide.121 In Cameroon, a micro-finance scheme initiated by the International Labour Office has assisted 112 families in building business skills while facilitating access to HIV counselling and support services and raising awareness about stigma and discrimination among the project stakeholders, including the participating finance institutions... exposure from accessing services that are essential for HIV prevention, testing or treatment # Improve early diagnosis of HIV infection in adolescents living with HIV through increased provider-initiated testing and counselling for adolescents receiving chronic care In the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, the Choices programme focusing on gender relations is another innovative approach for 10–14-year-old... Socialization and ensuing attitudes and behaviour around sexuality, including gender norms, occur through families, schools, peers and the mass media, often from a very young age With a majority of boys and girls aged Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood 9 10–14 in school in most countries, ensuring that school settings are safe and healthy can be crucial to maintaining the protective... reporting on HIV prevalence, incidence and service utilization among 10–14-year-olds, including in humanitarian settings, in order to inform estimates of prevention and protection needs for this group 12 Opportunity in Crisis 4 OLDER ADOLESCENTS Ages 15–19: As vulnerability increases, so does the risk of HIV infection The challenge Adolescents who sell sex or use drugs are at higher risk of HIV infection... Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed upon by India and Pakistan The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the Parties Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood 25 The solutions Adolescents living with HIV require access to services, beginning with their HIV diagnosis and continuing through services to ensure adherence to treatment, positive health and dignity... ‘Final Report to Irish Aid: Prevention of HIV among most-at-risk adolescents in Ukraine and South-Eastern Europe, 2006–2010’, p 33 75 Family Health International, Young People Most at Risk of HIV: A meeting report and discussion paper from the Interagency Youth Working Group, U.S Agency for International Development, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) Inter-Agency Task Team on HIV . Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood OPPORTUNITY in CRISIS EMBARGOED 1 June 2011 Opportunity in Crisis: Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood ©. among 10–14-year-olds, including in humanitarian settings, in order to inform estimates of prevention and protection needs for this group 1 3Preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood 4 to help other users initiate injecting drug use, not to inject in front of non-injecting- drug users and not to talk about the ‘benets’ of injecting drug use in front of non-users. Preliminary