Bài tập cuối môn thành phố thông minh Smart city, chương trình đào tạo thạc sỹ thiết kế tương tác và cải tiến. Ngôn ngữ sử dụng: Tiếng Anh. Tài liệu được trình bày theo format của báo IEEE, phù hợp tham khảo cho các sinh viên có nhu cầu nghiên cứu khoa học về đề tài smart city, du lịch bền vững, digital twin.
Trang 1The Survey of Applying Object Digital Twins into Sustainable Tourism - A Case Study of
Taiwan Design Expo Dang My Linh, Magie Vania Halim, Phan Minh Nhan
Department of Interaction Design, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan 111AT8403, 111AT8404, 111AT8409
Abstract—The development of sustainable tourism has become a major goal in recent years, as it can have positive impacts on various aspects of society, government, and the environment Digital twins, which are virtual replicas of physical objects, processes, or systems, can be used to identify and address potential sustainability challenges in the context of sustainable tourism This research utilizes Taiwan Design Expo as the case study and applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to examine the potential of object digital twins in order to promote sustainability in tourism With a focus on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, Responsible Production and Consumption, the study considers its nine factors under the Environment, Social, Governance (ESG) framework, and ranks their influence on the application of object digital twins to promote sustainable tourism The results of this study contribute to the integration of technology and tourism destinations and may help to create a more sustainable, efficient, and equitable tourism system that benefits tourists, curators, and the environment
Keywords—Sustainable Tourism, Object Digital Twins, ESG, Analytic Hierarchy Process, SDG 12, Tourist Experience, Environmental Preservation, Tourism Operation
I Introduction
Information technologies have been developing very rapidly recently, and this is why the implementation of technologies in tourism has become a new direction to focus on The World Tourism Organization defines sustainable tourism development as meeting the needs of present tourists while protecting opportunities in the future (Ye H, 2021; J.Lu, 2009) One way to identify the issue of sustainable tourism is through the digital twin technology, a digital copy obtained by modeling the state of a physical system, collecting data through sensors placed on these systems, and reflecting this data into digital media It builds bridges between the physical and digital world by enabling us to understand the past and present processes and make predictions for the future (Erol T, 2020)
This research utilizes Taiwan Design Expo, one of Taiwan's most significant annual design exhibitions, as a case study to guide the implementation In more details, the focus is on the 2022 exhibition held in Kaohsiung The Expo features a variety of themes such as culture, history, ocean, youth, agriculture, and science and technology, and most significantly,
promoting messages on environmental, the future, and smart cities There are several issues encountered at this expo that relate to the environment, social, and government aspects of the event Firstly, the message about future environmental issues was not well-delivered due to factors such as a lack of connectivity in the flow of the exhibition areas and language barriers Secondly, visitors may not be aware of the facilities that are available within the exhibition, which could lead to confusion and frustration Lastly, inefficient crowd management can lead to time consumption and congestion, which can be frustrating for visitors and potentially impact their overall experience at the event The issues are considered opportunities for our research to identify and propose solutions, specifically utilizing digital twins, to enhance the expo's sustainability and promote sustainable tourism
The aim of this paper writing is to evaluate the impact on tourists in applying object digital twin into tourism, in which the result will be analyzed by AHP (Ashutosh A, 2020)
II Research Proposal Structure
Based on 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs), and mainly focused on SDG 12 - responsible consumption and production, our research seeks to evaluate a potential efficient initiative that results in enhanced economic, social, and environmental outcomes In the case study of Taiwan Design Expo, we proposed object digital twin, which might answer three of our research questions:
RQ1: How can we preserve the environment in a tourism destination?
RQ2: How can a tourism destination bring the best benefit to stakeholders?
Trang 2FIG 1 RESEARCH PROPOSAL STRUCTURE
III Literature Review
A Sustainable Development Goal 12 in Sustainable Tourism
In the 1980s, the term “sustainable development” was raised, which was not long before the concept of “sustainable tourism (development)” followed, with its many derivatives, such as ecotourism, alternative tourism, green tourism, and responsible tourism The paradigm of sustainable tourism development was discussed by McMinn (1997) that it should have economic advantages, create social benefits for the local community and not harm the natural environment Sustainable tourism seeks to preserve the natural and cultural heritage of the destination, while also providing economic and social benefits to the local community, along with maximizing the positive benefits for all stakeholders Swarbrooke J (2010) also supported this opinion Which implies that sustainability should be concerned rather than only with tourism, and sustainability will be the center of tourism in the future (Budeanu et al., 2016)
Sustainable tourism is one of eleven targets of SDG 12 (Chan et al., 2018), which calls for responsible consumption and production Our study will mainly focus on sustainable tourism targets and try to link the relationship among ESG factors (Environmental, Social, and Governance) with nine key elements of sustainable consumption and production, which play an important role in addressing the concerns of rising resource consumption and high levels of waste generation
FIG 2 SIX KEY ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION (SCP) (MODAK ET
AL., 2017)
B Application of Digital Twins
The digital twins, which is a digital copy obtained by modeling the state of a physical system, aims to build bridges between the physical and digital world and provides predictions for the future It is applicable in many fields, for instance, the medical field, tourism, or even education and entertainment The system of digital twins is computable virtual abstractions of objects, processes and phenomena underlying manufacturing, while achieving the high-level tasks In particular, object digital twins capture information pertaining to product geometry and topology, machine tools, cutting tools, and so forth (Ullah, 2019) Some examples of the object digital twin are in the education field
In the paper of the evolution of digital twin-required technologies, such as AI, 3D modeling, cloud computing, IoT and big data, stated that these technologies will help to achieve these tasks easier, for example, with techniques to capture the real properties of the physical world and translate them into the digital world, as is the case of laser scanning methods to build 3D models from real objects (Segovia M, 2022) Hence, defining and improving the techniques and tools to design and create a digital twins with less effort and in a faster manner are essential to the development of this promising technology, which we think is suitable to be applied in the tourism sector
C Digital Twins in Sustainable Tourism
Sustainable tourism has a close relationship with smart tourism Smart tourism refers to the use of technology and innovation to improve the efficiency and sustainability of tourism operations, as well as to enhance the tourist experience This can include the use of digital platforms to promote sustainable tourism practices, such as booking eco-friendly accommodations or activities, or using smart technology to monitor and reduce energy and resource consumption in hotels and other tourism businesses Both of them seek to balance the needs of tourists, the tourism industry, and local communities, while minimizing the negative impacts of tourism on the environment By adopting sustainable and smart tourism practices, tourism businesses can reduce their environmental footprint, enhance the quality of the tourist experience, and contribute to the long-term economic and social viability of the destination
Trang 3Digital twins can be used to analyze data and monitor systems to head off problems before they occur, prevent downtime, and can even be used to plan for the future using simulations (Boschert & Rosen, 2016)
D The Feasibility for Applying Digital Twins in Sustainable Tourism
Although not many research examines the integration of digital twin into tourism, there are evidences proving that with the development of today technology, there are various potentials and chances to enable this A study by Aheleroff et al (2021) identified suitable Industry 4.0 technologies required for building Digital Twins, including IoT, Cloud, Extended Reality (XR), Big Data, and Machine Learning (ML), with the ability to learn and advance through aggregating, analyzing, visualizing, and predicting as the significant features in digital twins First, digital models of needed and wanted physical assets presented in cyberspace using cloud technology Secondly, building instant communication between digital and physical counterparts with IoT Thirdly, digital twins under industry 4.0 can expand the volume and variety by consuming big data and learning from the data Fourthly, offers better visibility and insight into the entire product and service life cycle by employing ML to identify patterns and make on-time decisions Finally, the full fidelity of a digital twins would be feasible via XR in three ‘P’s’ – Products, Processes, and People XR represents Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) This research also suggests further investigations on the expected value of digital twin integration with Blockchain and AI technologies (Al-Ali et al., 2020; Mertes et al., 2022) A research conducted by Ssin et al (2021) designed a digital twin-based tourism content management system that provides integrated management of tourism information, and augmented reality (AR) science tour services (e.g., contents recommendation, best path finding, contents sharing and gamification) In another studied by Zaman et al (2022), this technology is leveraged to build metaverse space travel to learn about travelers’ emotional aspects such as anxiety, which helps to achieve digital-tourism transformation and sustainability through emerging and immersive metaverse technologies
IV Research Design and Methods
It is potential that sustainable tourism can take advantage of digital twin Our research will focus on object digital twin, one of the three types of digital twins (Liu et al., 2021), of which the benefits have been investigated in other studies (Sharif Ullah, 2019) This research also emphasizes the responsible consumption and production aspects of sustainability in relation to tourism With the advances in 4.0 technologies, it is possible to apply digital twins to support sustainable tourism, object digital twin specifically The present study aims to examine the potential of integrating digital twins into sustainable
tourism using the ESG framework, with a particular focus on nine key elements of sustainable consumption and production The detailed hypothesis is provided as the following assumptions:
H1: Object digital twin can contribute to tourists' experience
H2: Object digital twin can help to preserve environment
H3: Object digital twin can facilitate effective management and operation
H4: Environmental can be the most important elements when applying object digital twin into sustainable tourism
A Research Process
This study aims at investigating the possibility of applying object digital twins into sustainable tourism and tourists’ opinion about it To achieve this objective, the research framework of this study is divided into 3 parts, as shown in Figure.1 A quantitative Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) is proposed to determine priorities among ESG factors systematically This technique was adapted from (Görener et al., 2012)
FIG 3 RESEACH PROCESS
B AHP diagram
Trang 4FIG 4 AHP DIAGRAM
C Survey
The survey link can be found here
After the criteria identification, each criterion will be transformed into a measurable value The Saaty’s 9-point scale of relative importance will be used to evaluate each criterion (Saaty, 2004)
TABLE I.SAATY’S 9-POINT SCALE OF RELATIVE IMPORTANCE
Subsequently, the matrix-structured survey based on Saaty’s 9-point scale will be sent to participants who are living in Taipei, with various ages and careers, and are travel lovers The results will be collected for AHP analysis in the next step The AHP analysis results can show which factors are the most critical issues when applying digital twins in smart tourism activities
V Expected Result and Future Work Based on literature review, this study has conducted an AHP analysis to examine the potential of utilizing digital twin objects in tourism to promote sustainability Within the framework of ESG, nine criteria were identified: waste management, sustainable resource management, cleaner production and resource efficiency, sustainable transportation, sustainable lifestyle, design for sustainability, e-co labeling and certification, sustainable procurement, and sustainable marketing The results of this analysis are expected to demonstrate that digital twins objects can enhance tourists' experiences, support environmental preservation, and facilitate effective management and operation in the context of a tourist
destination, and also, environmental considerations are crucial for the successful implementation of an object digital twin in sustainable tourism This can enable the tourism industry to optimize travel efficiency and provide frictionless and memorable customer experiences while also adopting a sustainable approach to tourism
Digital twins is an emerging field and has proved to bring various values into different sectors (Aheleroff et al., 2021; Al-Ali et al., 2020), yet the concept of integrating digital twins into the tourism sector still requires lots of research This research specifically focuses on object twins, one type of digital twins among several others such as process twins and phenomena twins (Liu et al., 2021) Furthermore, this study only examined SDG goal 12, sustainable consumption and production, though other SDG goals also have a significant impact on tourism, particularly Goals 8 and 14, which promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth and the sustainable use of oceans and marine resources, respectively
Future research could address the limitations of this study within the context of tourism to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how digital twin technology can benefit the entire tourism ecosystem, including tourists, curators, and environments
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