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INTRODUCTION 1 Reasons for choosing this thesis Vietnam is accelerating the process of industrialization and modernization, and international integration This process is always accompanied by increase[.]
1 INTRODUCTION Reasons for choosing this thesis Vietnam is accelerating the process of industrialization and modernization, and international integration This process is always accompanied by increased exploitation of natural resources and environmental pollution The recent development shows that many national resources such as land, water, minerals, forests, aquatic species, and other wild animals have been overexploited and are facing a serious risk of being depleted in quantity and degraded in quality In addition, water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, and pollution due to domestic solid waste, industrial solid waste, and hazardous waste have also taken place in many places, especially in big cities and in key economic regions of the country To ensure that natural resources are used rationally and sustainably, and to protect a healthy living environment adaptable to climate change, it is necessary to have qualified and dedicated human resources in the field of Environment & Natural Resources Management (ENRM) With that urgent need of society, over the years, many universities in the country have created Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Doctoral programs in Environment & Natural Resources Management Currently, universities in Ho Chi Minh City have gradually built and implemented university training programs with Program Outcome Standards (POS) However, the training of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City still has limitations and shortcomings at all stages, thus the effectiveness is low and does not meet societal needs One of the reasons for the above situation is that the training management of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City is not yet scientific and reasonable; the identification of management measures to promote the training process to meet the criteria is not clear enough On the other hand, because the awareness of some management subjects is not deep enough, the construction and implementation of the training program with POS is not very parallel; while other conditions such as staff qualifications with POS, student management with POS, etc., still have many limitations and inadequacies Therefore, the study and proposal of synchronous and feasible management measures is an urgent requirement to improve the quality of training in the field of ENRM with POS in universities in Ho Chi Minh City With the above reasons, the author has chosen the topic: "Training management in the field of Environment and Natural Resources Management with Program Outcome Standards at universities in Ho Chi Minh City " as the research topic Research goals and objectives Research goals On the basis of theoretical and practical research on training and training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, the research will point out the problems and limitations in training management with POS at universities, thereby proposing synchronous and feasible measures for training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, contributing to improving the quality of training at universities, meeting the practical needs of labor resources of society in the current situation Research objectives Overview of research works is related to the thesis topic Build a theoretical framework on training management of ENRM with POS at universities Survey and evaluate the status of training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, thereby finding out their advantages, limitations, and causes Propose synchronous and feasible measures for training management of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City Test and verify the proposed measures Research targets, objects, and scopes Research targets Training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities Research objects Training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City Research scopes Scope of content: The thesis focuses on the theoretical basis, current situation, and measures of training management of the university level of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City Scope of survey subjects: The thesis focuses on surveying managers, lecturers, and final year students of universities offering training in ENRM in Ho Chi Minh City At the same time, the thesis surveys opinions of representatives of the subjects using human resources in the field of ENRM in Ho Chi Minh City Scope of time: The data, investigation documents, practical research used for the thesis research process were investigated, surveyed, and synthesized from 2016 to present Scientific hypothesis There are many suitable approaches for the training management in the field of ENRM with high efficiency, one of which is the approach with POS If the management subjects firmly grasp the reality and requirements of training management with POS, innovate the approach and management philosophy to develop and organize the implementation of a rigorous and scientific training plan, direct the renewal of training objectives, contents, programs, methods and forms, and improve facilities and technical means for training, that will effectively manage training activities with POS at the university, contributing to improving the training quality, meeting the society's requirements for high-quality human resources in the field of ENRM 3 Methodologies * Research principles The research thesis is based on the scientific methodological basis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism; Ho Chi Minh Thought; the Communist Party's views on higher education and educational management; the State's policies and laws on training and training management at the university level in order to orient the approach to subjects, research purposes, and interpret the tasks of the topic In the research process, the topic applies the following approaches: Systemstructure approach, historical-logical approach, management approach, practical approach, market approach, leading standard approach out, approach development * Research methodology The topic uses a combination of research methods of specialized and interdisciplinary science, including: group of theoretical research methods and group of practical research methods (scientific observation method, investigation method, interview, method of summarizing training experience, method of researching products and activities, method of testing, statistical method of data processing) Thesis contributions * Theoretical contributions Building a theoretical framework for training management of ENRM with POS at universities such as: building basic concepts of the topic, giving the contents and evaluation criteria of training management of ENRM with POS at universities, pointing out the factors affecting the training management of the field of ENRM with POS in universities The thesis contributes to systematizing and generalizing the theory of training management in the field of ENRM at universities according to the guidelines and principles of the Communist Party in response to the requirements of fundamental and comprehensive renovation of education * Practical contributions Through surveying and analyzing the current state of training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, the thesis points out its limitations, shortcomings and causes On that basis, the author proposes measures to manage the training of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City and confirms the necessity, feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed measures to contribute to improving the training quality of human resources in the field of ENRM Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis The thesis contributes to the development of theory on training and training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in general, and training management in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City in particular From the results of theoretical and practical research, the topic proposes measures to manage training in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City for research and application in practice to improve quality of the school's training, providing qualified and high-quality human resources, contributing to the cause of environmental protection and sustainable socio-economic development of the country Thesis structure The thesis contains of: introduction, chapters, conclusion, recommendations, list of references and appendices CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Overview of research works of foreign and domestic authors related to the thesis topic a Research projects on training in universities with POS * Research works of foreign authors There are a lot of research works of foreign authors related to training with POS, for example: Killen, R (2000) with “Outcomes-based education: Principles and possibilities” [78], Adam, S (2008) with “Learning Outcomes Current Developments in Europe: Update on the Issues and Applications of Learning Outcomes Associated with the Bologna Process” [64], Heather Fry and et al (2009) with “A Handbook for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education - Enhancing Academic Practice” [75], Kuh, G and P Ewell (2010) with “The state of learning outcomes assessment in the United States” [79], Chung, C (2011) with “Changing Engineering Curriculum in the Globalised World [69], Tam, Maureen (2014) with “Outcomes-based approach to quality assessment and curriculum improvement in higher education” [87]… * Research works of domestic authors Nguyễn Văn Nhã (2009) with “Xây dựng chương trình đào tạo đáp ứng nhu cầu xã hội” [42]; Lâm Quang Thiệp, Lê Viết Khuyến (2010) with “Phát triển chương trình giáo dục/đào tạo đại học” [49]; Lê Đức Ngọc, Trần Hữu Hoan (2010) with “Chuẩn đầu giáo dục đại học” [41]; Trần Khánh Đức (2011) with “Chuẩn đầu phát triển CTĐT theo lực bậc đại học” [17]; Trần Hữu Hoan (2011) with “Chuẩn đầu việc xây dựng chương trình đào tạo” [28]; Vũ Anh Dũng, Phùng Xuân Nhạ (2011) with “Tích hợp chuẩn đầu theo cách tiếp cận CDIO vào đề cương mơn học khung chương trình đào tạo” [14]; Nguyễn Văn Tỵ (2019) with “Đổi giáo dục đại học bối cảnh Cách mạng Công nghiệp 4.0” [57]; Mai Anh Thơ cộng (2021) with “Phát triển chương trình đào tạo đại học theo định hướng đáp ứng chuẩn đầu ra: Nghiên cứu trường hợp Trường Đại học Nơng Lâm Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh” [50] b Research works on training management in universities with POS * Research works of foreign authors Charlotte L Briggs (2002) with “Models of Curriculum Governance: A Research Agenda” [68]; Jennifer Lai and et al (2012) with “Implementation of a Curriculum Management Tool: Challenges Faced by a Large Australian University” [77]; Coates, H (Ed.) (2014) with “Higher Education Learning Outcomes Assessment” [70]; Martin Komenda and et al (2014) with “A Framework for Curriculum Management – The Use of Outcome-based Approach in Practice” [81]; Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia and et al (2018) with “Assessment of Learning Outcomes in Higher Education: Cross-national comparisons and perspectives” [89]; Visvizi, Anna and et al (2019) with “Management and Administration of Higher Education Institutions in Times of Change” [88]; Zoran Stojadinovic and et al (2021) with “Development and Implementation of Evaluation Framework for Quality Enhancement of Outcome-Based Curriculum” [90], etc * Research works of domestic authors Phạm Thành Nghị (2000) with Quản lý chất lượng giáo dục đại học [40]; Nguyễn Đức Chính (2002) with tài liệu Kiểm định chất lượng giáo dục đại học [8]; Trần Kiểm (2004) with “Khoa học Quản lý giáo dục – số vấn đề lý luận thực tiễn” [37]; Mỵ Giang Sơn (2018) with “Quản lý việc phát triển chương trình đào tạo trường đại học đáp ứng yêu cầu xã hội” [47]; Trịnh Ngọc Thạch (2008) with “Hồn thiện mơ hình quản lý đào tạo nguồn nhân lực chất lượng cao trường đại học Việt Nam” [48]; Nguyễn Thị Hà (2015) with “Quản lý đào tạo Trường Đại học Kinh tế - Kỹ thuật Công nghiệp đáp ứng nhu cầu nhân lực vùng đồng sông Hồng” [22]; Đặng Việt Xô (2016) with “Quản lý đào tạo Trường Đại học Hậu cần – Kỹ thuật Công an nhân dân theo tiếp cận quản lý chất lượng tổng thể” [63]; Trần Văn Hòe (2013) with “Đào tạo quản trị đào tạo theo Chuẩn đầu giới Việt Nam” [31]; Nguyễn Đình Luận (2015) with “Sự gắn kết nhà trường doanh nghiệp đào tạo nguồn nhân lực phục vụ phát triển kinh tế - xã hội Việt Nam: Thực trạng khuyến nghị” [39]; Trần Thị Hoài and et al (2018) with “Mức độ đáp ứng khung trình độ quốc gia Việt Nam chương trình đào tạo đại học nay; Nghiên cứu trường hợp Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội” [30]; Bùi Văn Hùng (2018) with “Một số giải pháp nâng cao chất lượng quản lý đào tạo giáo viên Trung học phổ thông theo Chuẩn đầu trường Đại học Vinh” [34]; Nguyễn Đức Hạnh (2019) with “Đảm báo chất lượng Kiểm định chất lượng sở giáo dục đại học nhìn nhận từ trường đại học địa phương” [23]; Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hiền (2019) with “Quản lý đào tạo theo tiếp cận chuẩn đầu trường đại học khối ngành nghệ thuật” [24]; Quách Văn Tuấn (2021) with “Quản lý đào tạo Trường đại học Phòng cháy chữa cháy theo tiếp cận chuẩn đầu ra” [54] c.Research works on training and training management in ENRM with POS in universities * International Currently, there are many universities in the world that have been training majors or majors close to the field of ENRM However, through the Google Search with related keywords, very little information is mentioned on the management of ENRM, the current state of training in this industry Most of the information available is to introduce and promote the training program, the POS of the training program and the career and employment opportunities of students after graduation This shows that the current in-depth research on management of ENRM is still very limited, even for developed countries in the world * Domestic Although there are a lot of universities across the country offering training in ENRM, there are very few research works discussing the issue of training management in this field Most of the available information is mainly for the purpose of introducing and promoting the training program, the outcomes of the training program in the field of ENRM, and the job opportunities of students after graduation The value of the reviewed scientific works and the problems raised in the thesis for further research a The value of the reviewed scientific works * The value of research works on training with POS in universities A number of studies have contributed to highlighting the urgency, value and importance of models of training with POS and training based on results, giving different conceptions and definitions of POS, introducing principles and characteristics of results-based education; analyzing POS in higher education and the integration of POS in the development of curriculum as well as in the development of course outlines * The value of research works on training management with POS in universities A number of doctoral dissertation topics specializing in educational management in the direction of quality-based approach, learner-based approach, and total quality management approach have generalized and given the concepts in the industry of training management; analyzed the basic contents and the factors affecting the training management; assessed the current situation and proposed measures for training management according to each specific approach * The value of research works on training and training management in ENRM in universities Currently, there are very few research works on training and training management of ENRM with POS in universities Some universities in the world and in the country have announced the outcomes of training disciplines/training programs related to the field of ENRM, however, the outcomes of the universities are completely different, even within the same training field, depending on the interests and strengths of each school 7 Therefore, it is necessary to continue doing research to find suitable and consistent POS for the ERNM industry in Vietnam Currently, there is no research to systematize and fully analyze the contents related to training management of the ENRM with POS b The problems raised in the thesis for further research From the results of the literature review, the thesis focuses on solving the following core issues: First, research, systematize, generalize, analyze, and clarify the theoretical issues of training in the field of ENRM with POS in universities, in which in-depth analysis of the specifics and characteristics of the training in ENRM with POS at universities is carried out Second, research, systematize, generalize, analyze, and clarify theoretical issues about training management in general and training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities The focus is to clearly define the management subjects, analyze and clarify the management contents and criteria for training management of the ENRM with POS, point out the factors affecting the training management of the ENRM with POS Third, survey and evaluate the current status of training and training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City; assess the compatibility between the learning outcomes of the ongoing training programs and those specified in the National Qualifications Framework; make accurate judgments about the current situation, point out advantages and limitations; clearly identify the causes of the advantages and limitations in training and training management in the field of ENRM with POS in Ho Chi Minh City Fourth, propose measures to training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City that are feasible In particular, the proposed measures must be closely linked with practical issues to overcome the limitations and weaknesses in the training management of the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City Chapter conclusion The issue of training, training management at universities with POS in general and in the field of ENRM in particular has been studied by many foreign and domestic authors in many different angles, aspects and subjects On the basis of an overview of existing research works, the thesis inherits a number of contents to build the theoretical basis of the thesis topic such as: concepts, definitions of POS; theories on training, training management with POS However, the literature review shows that, up to now, there has not been any research work that delves deeply into the study of training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities Therefore, the study and clarification of theoretical and practical issues as well as training management measures in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City is an urgent and non-duplicating issue 8 CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS ON TRAINING MANAGEMENT IN ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESORUCES MANAGEMENT WITH PROGRAM OUTCOME STANDARDS IN UNIVERSITIES Theoretical issues of training in Environment and Natural Resources Management with program outcome standards at universities a The concept of university training with program outcome standards Training with POS at universities is a process of unified coordination between the training subject (lecturers) and the training object (students) in the implementation of the school regulations related to the training program (including objectives, POS, teaching and learning methods/strategies, testing and evaluation methods, organizational form, training time and objects, facilities and teaching equipment), to help learners develop professional qualities and competencies based on standards of knowledge, skills, autonomy and responsibility, and willingness to work according to the needs of society and the division of labor in the society b Training in Environment and Natural Resources Management with POS at universities i.Demand for training in Environment and Natural Resources Management at universities In the context of accelerating industrialization, modernization, and international integration, there is an inevitable need to exploit and use natural resources (land, water, forest, minerals, sea, energy ) for socio-economic development Its consequences are the depletion of non-renewable resources, the degradation of renewable resources, the loss of biodiversity on land and under water, and the environmental pollution taking place in almost all places across the country To ensure that resources are exploited and used rationally and sustainably, and at the same time, to protect the environment against the pressures of population growth, economic growth and climate change, the need for human resources in the field of ENRM is very large, and therefore, the career opportunities for graduates of this field are also very open ii.Program outcome standards of the field of Environment and Natural Resources Management The program outcome standards of the field of ENRM at universities is a system of specific requirements for knowledge, skills, autonomy, and professional responsibility that learners achieve after completing the training program, meeting the training objectives, and being recognized by the school to graduate and become an engineer/bachelor in ENRM * Criteria for determining POS of ENRM industry - Based on legal documents: Decision No 1982/QD-TTg dated October 18, 2016, of the Prime Minister approving the National 10 Qualification Framework; Circular No 17/2021/TT-BGDĐT dated June 22, 2021, of the Ministry of Education and Training on regulations on standards of training programs; formulating, appraising and promulgating training programs at higher education levels - Based on the student's job position after graduation - Based on the main tasks of the work of ENRM - Based on the working environment, tools and means to perform the work ENRM - Based on the POS of undergraduate training programs in ENRM at prestigious universities in the world * POS of university training programs in ENRM iii.The concept of training in ENRM with POS at universities ENRM training with POS at universities is a process of unified coordination between the training subject (lecturers) and the training object (students) in the implementation of the school regulations related to the ENRM training program (including objectives, POS, teaching and learning methods/strategies, testing and evaluation methods, organizational form, training time and objects, facilities and teaching equipment), to help learners develop professional qualities and competencies based on predetermined standards of knowledge, skills, autonomy and responsibility, and willingness to work in the field of ENRM c Characteristics of training in ENRM with POS at university i.Characteristics of training objectives and POS ii.Characteristics of the training program iii.Characteristics of the lecturers iv.Characteristics of the students v.Characteristics of facilities, means of teaching vi.Characteristics of assessment and recognition of learning results Theoretical issues of training management with POS in ENRM at universities a The concept of training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities The training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities is organized, purposeful and planned activities of the school management subject to influence specific management objects through policies, procedures, regulations, principles, methods and measures to ensure that the elements of the training process are operated synchronously, stably and continuously, focusing on achieving the objectives and the POS of the training program for the ENRM sector according to each stage of society's development b Contents of training management in ENRM with POS at universities i.Manage training objectives 11 Training objectives are the destination to which the training activity must be directed Management of training objectives includes the following activities: planning training objectives and concretizing training objectives into POS of each training program, course, and subject; organizing the implementation of training objectives through the development of training contents and methods; directing and coordinating the implementation of training objectives; and testing, evaluating the goal achievement level and periodically adjusting the goal ii.Manage training program The training program has a decisive influence on the quality of training in training institutions, so it should be designed and built in a scientific and rigorous manner Management of training programs includes the following activities: Developing training programs for the ENRM with POS, organizing the implementation of the program, testing and evaluating the results of the program implementation iii.Manage teaching activities of lecturers Managing teaching activities of lecturers in the field of ENRM with POS at universities includes managing the implementation of the teaching objectives of the lecturers with POS; managing the implementation of program content and teaching plans of lecturers with POS; directing the renewal of teaching methods and forms of lecturers with POS; checking and evaluating the teaching activities of lecturers with POS iv.Manage student learning activities Management of learning activities of students majoring in ENRM with POS at universities includes managing the process of building learning motivations for students with POS; managing student learning goals and plans with POS; managing student learning content with POS; managing student learning methods and forms with POS; checking and evaluating student learning activities with POS v.Manage physical and technical facilities for training in ENRM with POS at universities Management of physical and technical facilities for training in ENRM with POS at universities includes building a master plan on the demand for using facilities for training in the field of ENRM with POS; organizing the construction, repair, and procurement according to the plan; inspecting and evaluating the effectiveness of using facilities and invested equipment Factors affecting training management of ENRM with POS at universities a Impacts from the Communist Party's guidelines, State policies and laws on human resource training in the ENRM sector b Impacts from the school leadership's interest in the management and training of ENRM with POS 12 c Impacts from awareness, sense of responsibility, and management skills of training managers at each training institution d Impacts from advances in science and technology in general, and in the field of ENRM in particular e Impacts from the diverse needs of society in the field of management and protection of natural resources and the environment f Impacts from needs, learning motivation of students majoring in ENRM with POS Chapter conclusion Training management in ENRM with POS at universities is an organized, purposeful and planned influence of management subjects on stages of the training process in order to effectively training target results with POS Considering the specific factors of the field ENRM and the limited scope of the topic, the thesis delves deeply into clarifying the main management contents including: Management of training objectives with POS; management of training programs with POS; management of teaching activities of lecturers with POS; management of students' learning activities with POS; and management of physical and technical facilities for teaching with POS In each of the above-mentioned management contents, the management entity needs to perform the main functions: planning, organizing, directing/administering, and checking/evaluating The training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities is strongly influenced by different factors, creating advantages, difficulties, and challenges for the management process Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF TRAINING MANAGEMENT IN ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WITH PROGRAM OUTCOME STANDARDS AT UNIVERSITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY Overview of universities offering training in ENRM in Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City currently has universities offering training in ENRM at undergraduate level, including: University of Science and Technology - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, University of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Food Industry, Hoa Sen University, and Nguyen Tat Thanh University Current situation survey organization a Survey purpose b Survey objects and scale c Survey method 13 d Survey content and process e Survey data processing The status of training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City a.Status of training objectives and POS for ENRM at universities in Ho Chi Minh City i.Status of training objectives The survey results show that stakeholders have a good assessment of the objectives of the training programs in the field of ENRM, with an overall average score of 3.60 (good); in which the comments are quite high on criterion "The objectives of the training program are clearly defined" (average score is 3.91, ranked first) Criterion "Regularly supplemented and adjusted to suit reality" was rated the lowest (average score was 3.12, ranked 6th) ii.Status of program outcome standards of training programs At the time of the survey, out of the training programs on ENRM that are being implemented at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, training programs have announced the POS on the university's website (accounting for 83.3%), and has not published the POS yet The way to build the POS differs depending on the strengths of each school Despite the same training major, the POS of each school are not the same However, one thing in common is that the POS of the training programs clearly show the requirements for knowledge, skills and attitudes that learners achieve after completing the training program The number of POS of each training program also varies significantly between schools, at least 11, at most 21 b Status of content and training programs in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City Through the study of the training programs of the universities, it is shown that, basically, the training programs all include the full range of knowledge blocks as prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training: General education knowledge block and professional education knowledge block However, the ratio between these two blocks of knowledge is not equal between schools, which is clearly shown by the ratio between the number of credits of the general education knowledge block divided by the total number of credits of the training program For example, this ratio at University of Technology is 59/140 (accounting for 42.14%), while this ratio at University of Natural Resources and Environment is 33/131 (25.19%) The survey results show that stakeholders have low evaluation of the content of training programs in the field of ENRM, with an average score of 3.10 (average); in which the comments are quite low on criterion "Proportion of knowledge blocks is guaranteed according to regulations, developing professional qualities and competencies for students" and criterion "Ensure system of knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate to reality” These are 14 the criteria that need special attention in adjusting the content of the training programs in the coming time c.Status of content and training programs in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that stakeholders have low evaluation of the POS training method with an overall average score of 3.21 (average rating) Through in-depth interviews, it is known that the lecturers are not familiar with teaching and assessing students according to POS, and still have the traditional thinking of teaching and evaluating in the old way The survey results also show that the stakeholders have a relatively good assessment of the training process according to the criteria with an overall average score of 3.84 (good rating) Through in-depth interviews with a number of lecturers and education management staff, the common challenge in universities today is how to properly assess whether students have achieved the committed outcomes or not d Status of training subjects in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that stakeholders have a relatively good assessment of the subject of training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City with an overall average score of 3.52 (good rating) In general, the opinions are relatively high on the quantity and quality of the visiting teaching staff The reason may be that Ho Chi Minh City is a large science and technology center of the country, with many scientists with deep professional qualifications and practical experience, so, when necessary, universities can invite experts or experienced lecturers from other schools come to lecture, increasing the training quality of the school e.Situation of facilities for training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that stakeholders have not highly evaluated the actual state of facilities for training in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City with an overall average score of 3.35 (average rating) Criteria that need more attention to renovate and upgrade in the near future include criterion "Laboratory system, practice room", criterion "IT system, including infrastructure for online learning" f Status of training results in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City In order to properly assess the status of students' capacity after graduating from training programs in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, the author sent a survey to 83 employers to ask for opinions on graduates who have completed their studies and have a stable job at the agency/unit for 12 months or more The results show that: Knowledge: Employers rate graduates' knowledge as average to good with an average score of 2.75-3.9 The underrated criteria are criterion 15 "students and graduates have basic knowledge of management and administration of professional activities", criterion "students and graduates have knowledge of professional activities, planning, organizing and monitoring processes in a particular field of activity”, and criterion “students, graduates with a rich cultural, social, economic and cultural background, economics, and science” Skills: Employers assess the skills of students and graduates from average to good with an average score of 2.58 – 4.00 The underrated criteria are criterion 19 "students, graduates have the necessary skills to be able to solve complex problems", criterion "students and graduates can use foreign languages fluently and effectively at work (both in normal and professional setting)", criterion "students, graduates have skills to apply knowledge (including specialized knowledge and background knowledge) to solve work with high efficiency and progress", criterion 15 "students and graduates have conflict resolution skills" Autonomy and responsibility: Employers assess the degree of autonomy and responsibility of graduates at a good level with an average score of 3.60 3.94 The lowest rated criterion is criterion "graduates are able to self-direct, draw professional conclusions, and defend personal views" Attitudes and behaviors: Employers rate the attitudes and behaviors of students and graduates at a good level with an average score of 3.58 4.00 The lowest rated criterion is criterion "Students and graduates work responsibly, honestly and reliably" Status of training management and training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City a.Status of managing training objectives The survey results show that the stakeholders have a relatively good assessment of the status of the management of training objectives in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City with an average score of 3.60 (good rating) The most underrated criterion is criterion "Determining the requirements in the acquired skills training", which proves that the school has not really paid enough attention to the training of students' skills b Status of managing training programs in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City c.The survey results show that stakeholders have not highly evaluated the actual situation of designing and building training programs in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City with an overall average score of 3.36 (average rating) Criteria that are underestimated include criterion "Strong coordination among stakeholders in the design, construction and development of training programs", criterion "There are many elective subjects to meet the needs of learners", criterion "Each subject in the training program has a clear contribution to achieving the 16 learning outcomes of the training program (shown in the training program's learning outcomes matrix)" d Status of managing learning activities of students majoring in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that the stakeholders have a relatively good assessment of the status of managing the process of building learning motivation of students in the field of ENRM with POS with an overall average score of 3.56 There was no significant difference between the evaluation criteria (from 3.44 to 3.71 points) e.Status of managing teaching activities of lecturers of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that the teaching and management staff at the schools have a relatively good assesssment on the status of management in determining the teaching objectives of the lecturers in the field of ENRM with POS with the average score of 4.04 (good rating) Stakeholders highly appreciated the reality of the management of the implementation of the contents, programs and teaching plans of the lecturers according to the POS with an overall average score of 4.06 (fair rating) Some criteria are not highly graded, including: Criterion "Ensure the content of the learning program in practice workshops, laboratories, businesses, and agencies for students" with an average of 3.44; criterion "Teaching plan determines the content, methods and forms of teaching according to the standards" with an average of 3.93 The parties highly appreciated the current situation of guiding the innovation of teaching methods and forms of lecturers according to the standards with an overall average score of 3.87 (fair rating) In particular, criterion "Orientation to use teaching methods and forms to develop students' capacity according to the standards" was rated the lowest with the average rating of 3.00 This criterion needs special attention to overcome in the near future The parties rated relatively high on the status of testing and evaluating the teaching activities of lecturers according to the standards with the average score of 3.59 (fair rating) The underrated criteria that need attention and remedy include: criterion "Organize training in professional skills, skills in testing and evaluating teaching activities of lecturers according to the standards" with an average rating of 2.90; criterion "Using forms, content, methods of testing and evaluating teaching activities according to the standards" with an average rating of 3.06; Criterion "Management of classification, assessment of teaching performance of lecturers according to the standards" with an average of 3.26 f Status of physical and technical facilities management for training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that the teaching staff and management staff at the schools are relatively good in terms of managing the investment and development of public facilities for training according to the merits with an overall average score of 3.71 (good rating) Criteria that need attention in the 17 coming time is "Management, maintenance, supplement and development of facilities, technical means to ensure training according to quality standards" g Status of influence of factors affecting training management and training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City The survey results show that there are similarities and differences in assessment between the group of lecturers, management staff and the group of students surveyed on the status of the influence of factors affecting training management in the field of ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City h General assessment of the status of training management and training in ENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City i.Advantages First, the leaders of the universities have the right awareness, high responsibility and are always interested in the management of training activities in general and the training management of the ENRM in particular in order to improve the quality of training Second, the contingent of management staff and teachers in the field of ENRM at universities basically meet in quantity and quality; have a reasonable structure; always feel secure in their work and clearly define their responsibilities, actively innovate teaching methods and management methods to improve training quality Third, a number of contents in the management of training activities in the field of ENRM have been effectively implemented by universities ii.Limitations, shortcomings and causes First, the constructing, supplementing, and adjusting the POS of the training program for the ENRM has not met the requirements of the quality standards in the National Qualifications Framework and has not closely followed the practical needs of the society The reason is that the school management subjects have not had specific directions and instructions on the construction, review, supplementation and adjustment of the training curriculum of the training program on ENRM to meet the requirements of society Second, the content of the training program for the field of ENRM has not been designed in the direction of training students to achieve the established standards and has not followed practical needs The reason is that the school management subjects have not organized the construction and development of training programs for the ENRM with POS that closely follow the practical needs of society, have not mobilized the participation of employers in the process construction and development program of training program in the field of ENRM Third, the professional qualifications of the management staff and lecturers in the field of ENRM have not met the training requirements according to the quality-based approach The reason is that some schools have not paid due 18 attention to the organization of training to improve teaching capacity for teachers according to the standards, making the teaching staff still confused and passive in developing the subject outline according to the standards Quality standards, in the selection of teaching methods, testing and assessment methods, are consistent with the philosophy of training according to the learning outcomes, especially the lack of appropriate teaching methods to direct learners towards achieving the desired outcomes Fourth, there is a lack of coordination between schools and entities using human resources in the field of ENRM in training with POS The cooperation relationship between universities and agencies, organizations and businesses is not really cohesive The reason is that many school management entities not have a unified direction and coordination between the school and the entities using human resources in the field of ENRM with POS, and the cooperation relationship between schools with agencies, organizations and enterprises employing workers is not intensified Fifth, the technical facilities and facilities for training according to the quality approach of the schools are still not guaranteed, especially the machinery and equipment for surveying and measuring in the field and the system of laboratories specialized in ENRM Some machinery and equipment have been damaged or seriously degraded but have not been replaced in a timely manner The reason is that the development investment budget allocated to schools is still limited, the planning and funding work is not active, subjective, not based on science and long-term strategy Sixth, the inspection, assessment and recognition of students' learning results are not consistent with the requirements of the training institutions; Quality assurance in training has not been paid due attention The reason is that the guiding documents on the inspection and evaluation of training results according to the criteria are incomplete and not suitable with the characteristics of the field of ENRM, awareness of inspection and assessment of training results The approach to learning outcomes is still limited, heavily focused on grades and achievements, and has not paid attention to the real capacity of learners Chapter Conclusion From the survey results on the current status of training management in the field of aENRM with POS at universities in Ho Chi Minh City, some major issues need to be addressed in the coming time, namely: Perception of the subjects about management training in ENRM with POS is not deep and not close to reality; the building of professional qualifications in the field of ENRM has not been consistent among universities, has not followed the requirements of the National Qualifications Framework and has not met the requirements of society; the construction of training programs for the field of 19 ENRM with POS has not been closely followed the practical needs, still heavy on theory, light on practical practice, lack of training content for management capacity and soft skills for students; the teaching capacity of the lecturers according to the learning outcomes has not yet been met well, especially the lack of appropriate teaching methods to direct learners towards the achievement of the established learning outcomes; facilities for training according to the quality standards are not guaranteed; the examination, assessment and recognition of students' learning results according to the standards are not strict Chapter MEASURES AND TESTING FOR TRAINING MANAGEMENT IN ENRM WITH POS AT UNIVERSITIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY Measures to manage training in ENRM with POS at univeristies in Ho Chi Minh City a.Direct the development, adjustment and supplementation of POS for the ENRM industry to meet social requirements b.Purpose and meaning of the measure c.Contents of measures First, organize a survey, assess social needs and determine the "work entry standards" at the subjects using human resources Second, design the outcomes of the training program in the field of ENRM Third, organize seminars and collect comments to improve the POS of the training program in the field of ENRM a.Procedure b.Conditions c.Direct the review, adjustment and update of the training program in ENRM with POS in line with social needs a.Purpose and meaning of the measure b.Contents of measures Step 1: The Rector makes a decision to establish a Board to develop, review, adjust and update the training program for the field of ENRM with POS (referred to as the Training Program Drafting Board) Step 2: Analyze the training context Step 3: Develop general and specific goals of the training program for the field of ENRM in accordance with the school's mission, vision, main goals and core values and in accordance with the training curriculum standards of the Ministry of Education and Training From the specific goals, build the training program's learning outcomes to meet the requirements of the qualifications in the Vietnam National Qualifications Framework for higher education and meet the social demand for trained human resources in the field of natural and environmental management 20 Step 4: Build the curriculum structure Step 5: Compare and contrast with training programs of the same level Step 6: Develop a detailed course outline Step 7: Organize a workshop to collect comments from stakeholders Step 8: Finalize the second draft of the training program on the basis of receiving feedbacks from stakeholders and submit it to the Scientific and Training Council of the training institution for consideration and implementation of the appraisal and inclusion procedures apply Step 9: Evaluate and regularly update program content and teaching methods based on new advances in the field of ENRM and requirements of employers a.Procedure b.Conditions c.Organize capacity building training for lecturers to meet training requirements according to output standards a.Purpose and meaning of the measure b.Contents of measures First, build a capacity framework for teachers in the field of ENRM Second, review and assess the suitability between the existing capacity of the Faculty's lecturers and the faculty capacity framework of ENRM At the same time, conducting a survey of training and retraining needs for lecturers, thereby making training and retraining plans for lecturers to meet the capacity framework of lecturers in the field of ENRM Third, organize training courses to improve professional capacity for lecturers in the field of ENRM Fourth, organize training courses to improve pedagogical capacity for lecturers in the field of ENRM Fifth, organize training to improve the quality of political, ideological and ethical teachers for teachers through political lessons, studying thoroughly the resolutions and directives of the Party; thematic sessions a.Procedure b.Direct the uniform coordination between the school and the subjects using human resources in the field of ENRM in training with POS c.Purpose and meaning of the measure d.Contents of measures First, organize the signing of cooperation agreements between the school and the entities using human resources in the field of ENRM Second, develop a uniform coordination regulation between the school and the entities using human resources in the field of ENRM in training according to the criteria in order to create a high consensus in the work and concretize the roles and responsibilities for each student and each management subject Third, plan and organize the implementation of cooperation contents ... ? ?Quản lý đào tạo theo tiếp cận chuẩn đầu trường đại học khối ngành nghệ thuật” [24]; Quách Văn Tuấn (2021) with ? ?Quản lý đào tạo Trường đại học Phòng cháy chữa cháy theo tiếp cận chuẩn đầu ra? ??... “Phát triển chương trình đào tạo đại học theo định hướng đáp ứng chuẩn đầu ra: Nghiên cứu trường hợp Trường Đại học Nông Lâm Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh? ?? [50] b Research works on training management in... trình đào tạo đại học nay; Nghiên cứu trường hợp Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội” [30]; Bùi Văn Hùng (2018) with “Một số giải pháp nâng cao chất lượng quản lý đào tạo giáo viên Trung học phổ thông theo Chuẩn