DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI • • • TRUdNG OAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN — go •;• G3 — NGUYEN CANH HOA NGHIEN CQU NGQ PHAP VA NOQ NGHTA CUA GI6I Tir TIENG ANH, 06 I CHIEU V6l TIENG VIET *^\ *^\ *^\ *^[.]
DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI • • • TRUdNG OAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN — go •;• G3 — NGUYEN CANH HOA NGHIEN CQU NGQ PHAP VA NOQ NGHTA CUA GI6I Tir TIENG ANH, I CHIEU V6l TIENG VIET *^\ *^\ *^\ *^\ ^^\ f^\ 0^\ LUAN AN TIEN ST N G Q VAN Chuyen nganh: Ly luan ngon ngu Ma so: 04 08 Nguoi hirdug dan khoa hoc: Gs.TS NGUY£N MINH THUYET PGS.TS IRAN HlTU MANH ,'l HA NOI-2001 L _: I GIAI THiCH C H O VIET TAT VA KY HIEU {Sit dung luqn an) Adj ^ Tinh tir Adv = Trang tir Cn zz Chu ngO CN = Cong nguyen Dt = Danh tir Dt — Dong tir Etc zz van van H zz Hinh N = Danh tir Obj zz Tan ngiJ Prep zz Gidi tir P P = Cum gidi tir VD zz Vidu Vn = Vi ngir O zz Thanh # zz Ndi vdi zz Trdng, tinh luge ^ = Khac vdi zz Tuang duang vdi >< = Ddi lap ve y nghia -> = Cd the phat then = zz Bang & = Va £ zz Bang Anh *s = Cau true khong the cd MUG LUC '^ Trang phu bia * Ldi cam doan * Giai thich chir viet tat va ky hieu ^ Muc luc MO DAU Trang Gidi thieu de tai ciia luan an , Tinh thai su ciiade tai Cai mdi va y nghia ciia luan an Muc dich va ddi tugng nghien ctin ciia luan an Phuang phapva tu lieu nghien cuu Pham vi nghien cuTJ va cau true ciia luan an Chuong KHAI MIEM Gl6l Tl/ 1.1 VAN O E G I C J I T Q TRONG LY LUAN NGON N G Q HOC 1.2 12 G I | TQ TRONG TIENG ANH HIEN OAI 1.2.1 Vail de xac dinh diic die'm ciia gidi tir 12 1.2.2 Phan biet gidi tir vdi mot so tir loai khac 19 1.3 1.2.2a Phan bict vdi tie'u trang tir 19 1.2.2b Phan biet vdi lien tir 26 Gidl T Q T R O N G TIENG VIET HIEN DAI 29 1.3.1 Van de xac dinh dac diem ciia gidi tir 30 1.3.2 Phan biet gidi tir vdi mot so tir loai de nham iSn 38 1.3.2a Phan biet vdi lien tir 38 1.3.2b Phan biet vdi tir chi hudng van dgng 38 Tieu ket ChuoTig b6\ CHIEU Gl6l VJ TIEMG AMH vai Giai TU TIEMG VIET VE bkc DIEM MGU PHAP 2.1 DO! CHliU VE CHLfC NANG N G Q PHAP 46 2.1.1 Nhirng diem gidng 46 2.1.2 Nhirng diem khac 48 2.2 OOI CHIEU VE HOAT DONG TRONG LCJl NOI 50 2.2.1 Nhung die'm gidng 50 2.2.2 Nhung diem khac •o 68 2.3.001 CHIEU VEVITRI CUA GlOl TU TRONG CAU 2.3.1 Nhung die'm gidng 74 74 2.3.2 Nhirng diem khac 77 2.4 o l CHIEU VE CAU TAO 78 2.4.1 Cau tao ciia gidi tii'trong tieng Anh 78 2.4.1a Gidi tir dan 79 2.4.1b Gidi tirkep 83 2.4.2 Cau tao cua gidi tir tieng Viet 96 2.4.2a Gidi tir dan 96 2.4.2b Gidi tirkep 110 Tieu ket Chuong DO! CfUlU Gl6l TU TllMG AMH V6l Gidl VJ TIEMG VIET VE i>AC DIEM MGU MGHIA 3.1 NGUYEN T A C O | CHIEU 113 3.2 Do'l CHIEU CAC NHOM GICJl TQ CU THE 115 3.2.1 Gidi tir chi dja diem 116 3.2.1a Gidi tir chi dia diem tieng Anh 116 3.2.1b Gidi tir chi dia diem tieng Viet 127 - 3.2.1c Tdng ket 3.2.2 Gidi tir chi thai gian 130 13 3.2.2a Gidi tir chi thdi gian tieng Anh 132 3.2.2b Gidi tir chi thdi gian tieng Viet 139 3.2.2c Tdng ket 141 3.2.3 Gidi tir chi nguyen nhan 141 3.2.3a Gidi tir chi nguyen nhan tieng Anh 142 3.2.3b Gidi tir chi nguyen nhan tieng Viet 146 3.2.3c Tdng ket 147 3.2.4 Gidi tir chi muc dich 148 3.2.4a Gidi tir chi muc dich tieng Anh 148 3.2.4b Gidi tir chi muc dich tie'ng Viet 152 3.2.4c Tong ket 153 3.2.5 Cac nhom khac 154 3.2.5a Nhdm gidi tir chi each thtic 155 3.2.5b Nhdm gidi tir chi cong cu 155 3.2.5c Nhdm gidi tir chi sukich thich 157 3.2.5d Nhdm gidi tir chi sir ling ho, phan ddi 158 3.2.5e Nhdm gidi tir chi su nhuang bo 159 3.2.5f Nhdm gidi tir chi sir qui chieu 160 3.2.5g Nhdm gidi tir chi ngoai le 161 3.2.5h Nhdm gidi tir chi chu de 163 3.2.5i Nhdm gidi tir chi phiin 165 3.2.5J Nhdm gidi tir chi phan ung 166 Tieu ket ChuoTi2 » UMG DUMG KET QUA MGHIEM CUU V A \ VIEC I>HAM Tieu lOI cilA MGU6l VIET MAM Kril HOC GlOl VJ TIEMG AMH 4.1 CAC LOI VE cXu TRUC 171 4.1.1 Ndi, vie't thie'u hoac thira gidi tir 171 4.1.2 Sap xe'p sai vi tri ciia gidi tir 174 4.1.3 Dimg sai dang thiic cua dai tir nhan xung sau gidi tir 175 4.1.4 Sir dung khong phan biet gidi tir dan va gidi tirkep 176 4.2 CAC LOI VE NGHTA 177 4.2 L Chgn khong dung gidi tir can dung 4.2.2 Dich sai nghia cua gidi tir 177 • 4.3 CAC LOI VE TU T Q 178 184 Tieu ket KET lUAM 188 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 19 •> CAC TAC PHAM SJ DUNG DE PHAN TICH VA MINH HOA 203 Ma DAU Gidl THIEU DE TAI CUA LUAN AN Luan an dat van de ''Nghien ciru ngir phap va ngir nghia cua gidi tir tie'ng Anh, ddi chieu vdi tie'ng Viet" Day la mot cong trinh ngdn ngii hoc ddi chieu, lay tieng Anh lam ngon ngir xua't phat de ddi chie'u vdi tieng Viet TINH THdl SU CUA OE TAI Trong qua trinh nude ta hoi nhap kinh te', giao luu van boa vdi cac nudc^ so ngudi Viet hoc tieng Anh cung nhu ngudi cac nude ndi tieng Anh hoc tie'ng Viet cang phat trien So sach bao tieng Anh vao Viet Nam va sach bao tieng Viet xua't sang cac nude cung nhieu Mot nhung cai khd ddi vdi ngudi hoc va ngudi dich tie'ng Anh cung nhu tie'ng Viet la gidi tir Tuy nhien, den van chua cd cong trinh nao ddi chieu gidi tir cua hai ngon ngii Anh, Viet Viee nghien cuu, ddi chie'u gidi tir tieng Anh vdi gidi tir tieng Viet chang nhung la yen cau cap thiet ciia thuc tien ma la yeu cau cap thiet ciia ly luan ngdn ngii' hoc CAI M | V A Y NGHTA CUA LUAN AN Ve tndt khoa hoc: Cai mdi ve mat khoa hoc cua luan an la d chd luan an Ian dau tien ddi chieu mot each tuang ddi toan dien va day du dac diem ngir phap va ngir nghia cua gidi tir tieng Anh vdi gidi tir tieng Viet Trong luan an ciia minh, Ian dau tien chung tdi se liet ke tat ca cac gidi tir dan va cac kieu ket hgp cua gidi tir vdi gidi tir, hoac gidi tir vdi cac tir loai khac de tao gidi tir kep va cum gidi tir (prepositional phrases) tieng Anh cung nhu tieng Viet 3.2 Ve mat ung dung ket qua nghien ciru; Ket qua nghien cuu cua luan an cd the dugc ung dung viee giang day, bien soan cac giao trinh tie'ng Anh cho ngudi ndi tie'ng Viet va tie'ng Viet cho ngudi ndi tieng Anh Thanh qua cua viee nghien cuna ciing se dugc ung dung trtjc tie'p cong tac bien dich va phien dich, gdp phan xay dung ca sd ly thuyet cho viee dich Anh - Viet, Viet - Anh Ngoai ra, ket qua nghien cuu cua luan an cung se gdp phan it hay nhieu vao viee nghien cuu gidi tir ndi chung Nhtang phat hien, tim tdi, kien giai ve mdi quan he giira ngu nghia va tu va ve phan tich diln ngdn - dung hoc se giiip chung ta nhin nhan gidi tir tieng Anh va tieng Viet khong chi nhu nhung cong eta ngu phap boat dgng d cac cap cau va cum tir ma edn d nhung cau true tren cau (vai trd lien ket van ban - cohesive devices) MUC DICH VA DOI T U O N G NGHIEN CCfU CUA LUAN AN Bat cu: it nhieu biet tieng Anh deu thira nhan mot thuc te khach quan a hiiu hei cau tieng Anh deu cd gidi tir Vidu: ''The best speech in the world can be read in such a way as to set the audience laughing at it We have had enough o/that So, in future, no speeches" [Bernard Shaw, AC, tr.80] (Bai dien van hay nhat tren ddi cung cd the doc theo mot each khien cho khan gia phi cudi Chiing toi da biet ro dieu dd lam rod Vi vay, tir ve sau khong dien van gi het) Cd cau cd mot, hai, ba gidi tir va tham chi cd cau cd de'n ngdt mudi gidi tir Vi du: "Our way wound through pleasant looking bush U£ and out into the open between the two mountains and an a half / a mile (o a mud and thatched village on a little low plateau" [Hemingway, ST, tr.35] (Con dudng cua chiing tdi udn lugn qua nhiing bui ram, ngugc len, di vao khoang trdng giira hai ngon nui, chi each nira dam thi de'n ngdi lang nha tranh vach dat nam tren mgt'cao nguyen nhd) Trong tie'ng Viet cung vay, mot cau, mot doan van, gidi tir cung dugc sir dung vdi tan suat rat cao Vidij: "Ho treo tdd mot lang Meo nam a khua't du&i chan mot dam may tren dinh nui Nhung sot rugt qua khong the d tren dd dugc Cac chi ban nhau, rdi chi cd bon Ifnh d Iqi, cac chi chia mdi ngudi mot ngii tim dudng ve dudi lang de don tin" (To Hoai, Truyen Tay Bac, tr 54) Trong cii hai ngdn ngu Anh va Viet, ngoiii chirc nang ndi ciic phiin cum tir, cau, gidi tir cd kha nang the bien va khu biet cac mdi quan he ve thdi gian (time), dia diem (place), sd hiru (geniti\e), nguyen /v 2.4.1 a Gidi tit dan {Simple prepositions) Khi ban vl gidi tir don, Randolph Quirk va cac cdng sir ciia dng cudn "A Grammar of Contemporary English" (Ngii phap tieng Anh duang dai) dinh nghia nhu sau: "Gidi tir dan la nhung gidi tir gom mot tir (consist of one word), cung cd the ggi la gidi tir mot tir (one-word preposition)" [154, 300] Day cung la mot loai gidi tir thong dung nhat tieng Anh Rodney Huddleston cung nhan xet tuang tu nhu Randolph Quirk, nhung dng lai dung thuat ngii "single word" de chi gidi tir dan tie'ng Anh: "Gidi tir dan la gidi tir gom mot tir dan le" [134,341] Theo quan diem ciia chiing tdi, each nhan bie't gidi tir don dan gian va jdt dang nhat la thdng qua chir vie't Vf du, viet mot gidi tir kep, ngudi ta thudng vie't tach rdi cac bg phan tao Tuy nhien, cung cd mot sd ngoai le nhu "into"{"vdo trong, thanh") dugc viet liln nhung bao gom mot gidi tir -\- mot gidi tir Dudi day chiing tdi thdng ke tat ca cac gidi tir don ciia tieng Anh va cac nghia tieng Viet tuong duang ciia chiing Bang 2.4 l a i Gidi tir don chuyen dung aboard len (tau, xe) about gan, khoang, vl, d, ban, xung quanh, quanh above phia tren, d tren, qua, ban, cao hen, tren across qua, ben kia, bat cheo, d phia ben after theo, tie'p theo, sau, sau khi, phdng theo, vdi agamst vao, trai vdi, ngugc lai tuong phan vdi 80 among along giiia, d giira, sd, vdi nhau, lan amidst giira, d giira, qua trinh around quanh, vdng quanh, canh, gan, khoang as nhu, gidng nhu at d, tai, vao bdi, dang, khi, vao, nham vao before trudc, trudc khi, trirdc mat, tha cdn ban behind sau, phia sau, kem, d sau, chua ro, bf mat below dudi, ben dudi, d dudi, khong xiing dang beneath d dudi, kem, khdng dang, khdng xiing between giiia, d giiia, khoang, nira nira beyond d ben kia, vugt qua, vugt xa ban, ngoai beside ben, ben canh, so vdi, xa, ngoai, d ngoai besides ngoai ra, trir, cai khac, cai khac niia but trir ra, ngoai ra, neu khong (cd) by bdi, canh, bang, thugc, do, bdn canh despite dii, mac dii, khdng ke down xudi, xudng, dgc theo, d dudi thap during khoang, sudt, trai qua, liic for cho, VI, thay cho, de, de'n, vl phia, thien y from tir, bang, dua vao, vdi, vi, bdi, tach khdi in d, tai, trong, ve, vao, d vao, theo, thanh, dl inside d phia trong, ben trong, vao minus trir, thieu, mat, khdng cdn of vi, ciia, vl, tir, each, thugc, gdm cd, each khdi, off khdi, khdi, rdi, each rdi, lay ra, each on d tren, vira mdi, gan, vdi, vao liic, chdng lai opposite ddi dien vdi, trudc mat dgc theo, theo, sudt, cimg vdi 81 out d ngoai, tir d ra, tir outside ben ngoai, ngoai, vugt khdi, trir, trir over ben tren, qua, vl, d khap, ban, sang, de'n tan past qua, vugt qua, hen, di qua, qua per mdi, bdi, bang, qua, plus cdng vdi, them round quanh, xung quanh, vdng quanh, gan, khoang, since tir khi, ke tir, tir, tir liic, sudt tir than hen, trir, ngoai ra, thfch ban, kha ban through xuyen qua, khap,sud't, do, vl, nhd, bdi, tai throughout xuydn sudt, xuyen qua, khap, sudt till de'n, tdi, tan, de'n tdi, cho de'n to de'n, tdi, vl, cua, de, dugc, cho, vdi, vl phan towards ddi vdi, vl phfa, hudng ve, de, cho, vl under dudi, d dudi, dang, chua den, chua day undemeaih ben dudi, dudi until cho de'n khi, de'n tan up len, d tren, ngugc, ngugc len, d cudi upon tren, d tren, vao luc, nhd vao, chdng lai via theo dudng, qua, qua nga with vdi, cimg, cd, bang, vl, ve phan, mac dii within d trong, ben trong, khoang, khoang without khdng, khdng cd, ngoai, khdi, ma khdng Bang 2.4 Ia2 Gidi tit don cd ngudn gdc dgng tit bar tru, tru barring trir, trir conceming ve viec, cd lien quan den 82 considering xet vl, xem xet, tinh den except loai trir, trir ra, khong ke excepting loai trir excluding loai ra, khdng bao gdm failing thie'u, khdng cd following bdi, theo, la do, noi theo forward phfa trudc granted cho la, cho dii, mac dii including bao gom, ke ca notwithstanding: bat chap, mac dii, bat ke pending liic, qua trinh regarding xet vl, vl mat, xet de'n Regardless ba't ke respecting ndi vl, cd lien quan tdi touching ve, ddi vdi save trir, ngoai trir wanting thie'u, khdng cd Bang 2.4 Ia3 Gidi tit dan co nation ^dc tinh tit contrary trai (ngugc) vdi less kem, trir di, bdt di, lay di like gidng, nhu near gan, d gan, gan gidng, theo kip pending chd, liic, cho den liic unlike khdng gidng nhu, khac vai worth dang, dang gia, xung dang 83 ^ 2.4.1 h Gidi tit kep {Complex prepositions) Gidi tir kep la gidi tir hai hay nhilu tu dd cd ft nhat mot gidi tir dan tao ("consist of more than one word" theo dinh nghia ciia R Quirk [154, 300], hoac "consisting of from two to four words including at least one simple preposition" (theo dinh nghia ciia Rodney Huddleston [134, 341]) Gidi tir kep la mot chudi khong the phan chia ca vl mat cii phap (syntax) lan mat ngii nghia (meaning) Theo R Quirk thi "khdng cd sti phan biet tuyet ddi giira gidi tir kep va cac cau tnic cd bd ngii la cum gidi tir (preposidonal phrases)" [154, 302] Tuy nhien, chung ta cd the phan biet gidi tir kep vdi cum gidi tir qua tieu chf sau day: a, Trong cau true cd cum gidi tir, gidi tir dan cd the thay doi, nhung gidi tir kep thi khdng So sanh: Cum gidi tir: - on the shelf I at I of by [the door] (tren cai gia dl dial cgnh cira vao) Gidi tir kep: *s in spite/or b, Trong cum gidi tir, danh tir cd the la sd ft hoac sd nhilu, cdn danh tir gidi tir kep ludn ludn cd dinh So sanh: Cum gidi tir: - on the shelf shelves by [the door] {tren gidl nhitng gid canh cira vao) Gidi tir kep: "^s - in spites of c, Danh tir ctjm gidi tu cd the thay the bang mot danh tir khac vdi nghia tuong duong Cdn gidi tir kep khong the thay the So sanh: Cijm gidi tir: - on the shelf ledge by [the door] {tren cdi gidl gd canh cira vao) Gidi tir kep: ^^s in malice of 84 d, Tuy thugc vao viec danh tir cau cd y nghia xac dinh hay khdng ma danh tir cum gidi tir cd the di vdi quan tir "the, a, an" hoac khdng; cdn quan tir gidi tir kep ludn ludn cd dinh So sanh; Cum gidi tir: - on a/ the shelf by [the door] - on shelves by [the door] {tren cac gid canh cira vao) Gidi tir kep; *s in al the spite of e, Trong cum gidi tir, gidi tir va bo ngii cd the dugc thay the bang sd hiiu each (genitive), trai lai gidi tir kep thi khdng So sanh: Cum gidi tir: - on the surface o/the table -> {tren mat ban —> on its surface tren mat cua nd) Gidi tir kep: - in spite of the result —> "^s in its spite (Mac dii ke't qua -^ Mac dii ciia nd) /, Trong cum gidi tir, gidi tir dung sau va bo ngii cd the dugc tinh luge Cdn gidi tir kep thi khdng So sanh: Cum gidi tir: - on the shelf {tren cai gia) Gidi tir kep: "^s in spite g, Trong cum gidi tir, gidi tir dung sau cd the thay the bang mot dai tir chi dinh Cdn gidi tir kep thi khdng So sanh: Cum gidi tir: - on that shelf (tren cai gia do) Ciai tir kep: ^s in that spite 85 //, Trong cum gidi tir, danh tir cd the cd dinh ngir Cdn gidi tir kep khdng the cd dinh ngii So sanh: Cum gidi tir: - on the low shelf by [the door] {tren cdi gid thap canh cira vao) Gidi tir kep; *s in evident spite of i, Trong cum gidi tir, gidi tir dung trudc cd the thay doi Cdn gidi tirkep thi khdng So sanh; Cum gidi tir: - under the shelf by [the door] {dudi cai gia canh cira vao) Gidi tir kep: '-^s/or spite of VI mat ca'u tao, hau he't gidi tir kep thdng dung tieng Anh dugc ca'u tao tir; 1) Mot trgng tit I gidi tit cong vdi mot gidi tit (Adverb / Prep + Prep) 2) Mot dgng tit I tinh tit I lien tit cong vdi mot gidi tit (Verb / Adjective / ConjuncUon / etc + Prep) 3) Mot gidi tit cong vdi mot danh tit cong vdi mot gidi tit (Prep -H Noun -fPrep) Bang 2.4 lb Trgng tic I gidi tit + gidi tit ahead of : vl phia trudc alongside ; sat canh, ke ben, doc theo, song song along with theo, song song vdi, di ddi, cimg vdi apart from ngoai as far as cimg cir ly, tdi dia diem ndi as for ddi \di, vc phia ve phiin 86 aside from as though ngoai ra, tru dudng nhu, nhu the la as well as nhu, cung nhu, chang khac gi astride (cudi, dung) len away from each, rdi khdi in between d khoang giiia instead of de thay vao, thay cho into vao trong, on board tren (tau, may bay) on to len tren, vl phfa tren out of vi, bang, he't, each xa, khdi, ngoai, out with cut ra, cut khdi over agamst ddi lap vdi up against phai duang dau vdi up to de'n tan, cho den up undl cho de'n together with cung vai Bang 2.4.Ib2 Dong tic / tinh tit / lien tic -f- gidi tit according to theo, theo nhu as good as hau nhu, coi nhu, gan nhu as to vl phia, vl phan as long as vdi dilu kien la, mien la, chi can because of Vl, bdi vl, bdi but for neu khdng cd, trir phi, mat khac close about bao bgc, bao quanh close to giin, sat ben 87 close by gan, a gan close upon due to gan, suyt soat, vi, do, bdi, lai nhd, nhd cd except against: phan ddi, chdng lai except for trir.-.ra, ngoai except to trir ra, loai trir excluding khdng ke den, loai trir including ca, bao gdm, ke ca irrespective of: khdng ke, ba't cha'p long before lau, da lau, tir lau long for mong mdi, ao udc long since da lau, tir lau over against ddi lap vdi preparatory chuan bi cho prior to trudc, trudc thanks to do, nhd vao, nhdcd Bang 2.4.Ib3 Gidi tic^ Danh tic+ Gidi tic Gidi tir kep ca'u tao tir kieu cd the chia cac loai nhd: * in + noun -f- of in aid of trg giup, su giup dd ciia in command ol dudi su chi buy ciia in case of phdng khi, trudng hgp in charge of chiu triich nhidm ve 88 n consequence of ke't qua ciia n consideration of de xem xet n control of dudi su kiem soat cua n default of vi thie'u n danger of nguy hiem den tfnh mang n defence of de bao ve n doubt of nghi ngd, ludng lu n excess of qua, ban, thira n excuse of xin ldi, cao biet, miln cho n expectation of su mong dgi cua in face of trudc mat, ddi choi vdi n fear of •n front of e ngai rang trudc, phfa trudc n favour of img hg, thuan Igi cho n honour of de td long tdn kinh m liew of thay vi, thay the vao .n memory of de tudng nhd n need of can, can den .n order of theo thir tu, theo menh lenh n place of thay vi, thay cho, thay the n possession of cd dugc, cd quyIn sd hiin [n praise of de ca nggi, de ca tung m proof of de chiing minh, thir thach in quest of truy liing, tim kiem n recognition of su thira nhan, sir cdng nhan n respect of vl, ddi vdi n search of de nghien cun, de tim kiem, n sight of den giin, tiim nhin 89 in spite of ba't chap, mac dii in support of de cimg cd in terms of bang, ldi le in time of khoang in token of vdi cir chi in view of xet tha'y, vi ly do, in want of can cd in + the + noun + of in the centre of d giiia in the direction of theo hudng in the employ of lam viec cho in the event of trudng hgp in the eyes of mat in the form of theo hinh thiic in the habit of cd thdi quen in the hands of tay in the hope of vdi hy vgng in the interest(s) of vi Igi fch cua in the light of dudi anh sang in the maUer of vl van dl in the mercy of nhd long thuong in the middle of d giira in the midst of d giu'a in the name of bang ta'm Idng in the nature of chi vi in the neighbourho(:)d of: gan, chimg, khoang 90 n the opinion of theo y kien n the person of lai chinh la n the position of d vi tri n the presence of vdi su cd mat n the range of khoang, pham vi boat dgng n the region of d vimg n the reign of dudi trilu dai n the role of vdi vai trd n the shape of dudi dang n the sight of tam nhin n the steps of tie'p sau n the teeth of bat cha'p n the thick of d giiia n the throes of vat Ion vdi n the wake of theo chan n the way of can trd, lam tac n the year of nam * in + noun + with in agreement with nhat tri vdi in accordance with theo dung, phii hgp vdi in collision with va cham vdi in combination with ke't hgp vdi in common with : ciing vdi, gidng nhu in company with : cung vai, in comparision with so sanh vdi in compliance with: lam dung, phuc tiing, 91 in conjunction with cimg vdi, chung vdi in connection with lien quan tdi in contact with tie'p xiic vdi in contrast with tuang phan vdi in favour with thien vi ai, uu tien in keeping with phii hgp vdi in line with cdng tac vdi in love with yeu ai, me'n ai, in touch with lien lac vdi in tune with theo kip, boa hgp vdi * in + noun + to Tải FULL (111 trang): https://bit.ly/3fQM1u2 Dự phòng: fb.com/KhoTaiLieuAZ in addition to them vao, cdng vao in answer to tra ldi, dap lai in justice to de cd cdng bang in kindness to vl long tdt in opposition to de phan ddi in relation to lien quan den in regard to vl van dl, ddi vdi van dl in respect to de, lien quan de'n in response to de tra ldi in succession to su ke thira * in + noun + for in compensation for: (de) bdi thudng cho in exchange for trao ddi vdi, ddi cho, 92 in hurry for voi vang de lam gi in payment for de tra cho cai gi in return for (de) din dap, trao ddi in revenge for de tra thii, in security for de bao dam in store for de danh cho in time for diing gidde lam gi Tải FULL (111 trang): https://bit.ly/3fQM1u2 Dự phòng: fb.com/KhoTaiLieuAZ * by + (the) noun + of by courtesy of theo su by dint of bdh by force of bang each by means of bang each, nhd vao by order of theo lenh by reason of bdi vi by vktue of theo, vi, vdi tu each by way of qua, thong qua by the grace of khoan dung, lugng thu by the hght of dudi anh sang by the name of cd ten, nhan danh by the nature of gidng nhu, cimg loai "^ at -h (the) noun + of at the bottom of d dudi day, dudi chan, at the back of d dang sau at the comer of d gdc at the cost of phai tra bang gia 9: at the end of dcudi at the expense of tra bang at the foot of ddudi chan at the hand of tay at the head of theo hudng at the point of trudc mui at the rate of vdi tdc at the rear of dang sau at the risk of lilu minh at the side of kl ben, ben canh at the sight of trudc canh at a speed of vdi tdc at the thought of vdi suy nghi at the time of ciing liic vdi at the top of tot dinh * for + (the) noun + of for fear of e rang, e ngai rang, for lack of vi thie'u thdn for love of vi ham mudn for want of vi thie'u, vi can for the benefit of vi Igi ich ciia for the good of vdi muc dfch tdt for the purpose of nham de for the remainder of: phiin cdn lai for the rest of : phan cdn lai for the sake of : vi lai fch cua 6789843 ... ddng tir di kem VD: - Toi di - Anh ta nhin len - Nd chay ve - Chung nd rai xudng Trong trudng hgp nay, tir chi hudng van ddng la tieu tir (particle) Nguyln Tai Can [4, 8 2-8 4] da neu len kha nang... VD: 1, - We go into the room [27, 55] (Chung tdi di vao phdng) - We go into the business [27, 55] (Chung toi di vao cong viec) 2, - He came across the road [27, 55] (Anh a''y di qua dudng) - He... tir tren cd bai each diing: L Dimg kem theo bo ngir ciia dgng tir VD: - Tdi di vudn - Anh ta nhin len trdi - Nd chay v#nha - Chiing nd rai xudng vuc Trong trudng hgp nay, tir chi hudng van dgng