Part 1 Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence 1 Scottish pound notes are not legal in England A tender B money C exchange D value 2 The down and outs under the railway bridge ston[.]
Part 1: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence Scottish pound notes are not legal A tender in England B money C exchange The down and outs under the railway bridge A .drove B beat D value stones at the rats to keep them away C hurled D struck The tracker stalked the tiger for days but the animal A missed B slipped C jumped This book will be a delight to A amateur D eluded readers of science fiction B skilled Christopher is prepared to capture C seasoned D loving his professional reputation on the idea that this stone circle originally had an astronomical purpose A risk B bet A considerable C gamble D stake of folklore has built up regarding the magical properties of sites such as Stonehenge A pile B body C doctrine You'll be willing to help, A wouldn't you? B won't C shan't Closure of schools took place A in the context of B with regard to D in consideration of Don't worry - the documents are safe 10 D aren't falling numbers of pupils C with a concern for A under D culture B on lock and key at my place C in D within for Tom's opposition, we would have agreed to the contract A Be it not B Would it not have been C Should it not have been D Had it not been 11 The news report the plight of the refugees A headlined B captioned 12 Many actors go through a A trial C highlighted D pinpointed when their lack of work makes them question their vocation B predicament C phase D season 13 It's obvious from the car he drives that John's business is A fine B wealthy 14 The sound of the waves A surging 16 In any B lynch D booming (phát triển vượt bậc) on the shore lulled her to sleep B thundering C rolling 15 The townspeople formed a A hunting C vigorous D breaking mob to find and kill the man who killed the sheriff C search D punishment period, examples can be found of new words entering the language A stated B given C named D certain 17 The two sides are entrenched and any meeting between them is unlikely to A submit B force C yield 18 The old house was unable to withstand the a result D concede of severe winter weather and suffered considerable structural damage A extremity B onslaught C outrage 19 Since the information was already in the public A are B domain 20 It was a disaster on the A size B scale D fury , the newspaper felt free to publish it C eye D awareness of the nuclear accident at Chernobyl C terms D consequences Part 2: Each line in the following passage contains one mistake Underline the mistake and write down your correction The first one is done for you Language is considered a significant means for communication in (0) …of…… international relations People in modern world have not longer been bound to (1) their own countries Moreover, in to keep informed with speedy scientific (2) developments nowadays, they must widen them cooperative relations with those (3) highly developing nations in other parts of the world Due to the fact that no one is (4) able to communicate with any natives in the world, that is necessary for people to (5) choose to learn a foreign language like a worldwide common means of (6) communication That is why English has being chosen by almost people to be a (7) foreign language to master More and more people use English and the number of (8) those who learns English as a foreign language has been increased so rapidly that (9) it is the highest nowadays (10) Part 3: Complete each sentence with (a) suitable particle(s) or preposition(s) Once he has signed the agreement, he won't be able to back the scheme Watch the signpost I don't want to miss the turning That chair is not very strong Do you think it is your weight? She went a bad cold just before Christmas The Italian course started in September and it's now March I'm afraid you won't be able to catch the class now Whenever he runs _ a difficulty he always comes to me for help A mother will usually stand _ her children, no matter what they have done There's no point in doing _ the old regulations if you are going to introduce equally stupid new ones I'm afraid there's no milk left; we'll have to fall _ dried milk for our tea 10 It's your turn to make some suggestions; I've run _ ideas Part : Complete the ext by writing a correct form of the word in CAPITALS IS IT WORTH IT? It is (0) commonly believed that a break from everyday routine can only COMMON you good Every summer, you can spot prospective (1) _ at airports and waiting for car HOLDAY ferries They are (2) _ and you can tell them a mile away by their sun MISTAKE hats and hopeful expressions For all their optimism, what often actually happens can be a rude (3) _ from the blissful holiday dreams of the rest of the year WAKE Sunburn, mosquitoes and (4) _ Sunburn, mosquitoes and FORESEE (5) _ expenses can make you think twice about how (5) BENEFIT _ getting away from it all really is The fact is, the (6) _ of something going wrong is maximized when you are abroad and, (7) _ your ability to deal with LIKELY FORTUNE crisis and catastrophe is often minimized This could be because of language problems, (8) _ with the culture, or FAMILIAR simply a different climate, all of which make everything seem different and unreal So, what is the answer? (9) _, an annual escape from normal DOUBT working life is a very positive thing However, the (10) _ of seeking an exotic location is questionable when you think of WISE all the things that can go wrong Part 5: Read the following passage and supply the correct verb forms and tenses AFTER THE FIRE Firemen (1 fight) _ the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they (2 can get) _ it under control A short time before, great trees (3 cover) _ the countryside for miles around Now, smoke still (4 rise up) _ from the warm ground over the desolate hills Winter (5 come) _ on the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well When the fire (6 at last/ put out) _, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass seed which (7 grow) _ quickly The seed was sprayed over the ground in large quantities by airplanes The planes (8 plant) _ seed for nearly a month when it began to rain By then, however, in many places the grass (9 already take) _ root In place of the great trees which had been there for centuries, patches of green (10 begin) _ to appear in the blackened soil Part 6: Choose the best word(s) to fill in each blank in the following passage SHOPLIFTING Last year, losses from shops through shoplifting and theft by staff amounted to over £1 billion There are many (1) for shopkeepers themselves to reduce shoplifting As with all types of crime, prevention is better than (2) The best deterrent is the (3) of staff properly trained in how to identify potential shoplifters There are also many security (4) now available Video camera surveillance is a popular system, even with quite small retailers In clothes shops, magnetic tag marking systems that set off an alarm have proved their (5) However, there are many (6) measures that retailers should consider Better lighting and ceiling-hung mirrors can help staff to (7) all parts of the display area Similarly, simply arranging shelves and display units to allow clear (8) of vision is a good deterrent Another problem for retailers is the (9) of stolen credit cards to buy goods and services Many retailers avoid this by always checking the (10) of a card used for purchase Electronic systems are now available to (11) up the procedure Most companies keep a petty (12) box for small expenses They are a popular (13) for thieves It is not enough to have a box that locks A thief can steal it and then open it at leisure Lock it in a drawer as well Telephones typewriters, word processors and computers are also vulnerable because they are (14) Property marking is a good deterrent and helps the police return stolen goods if they are (15) _ And remember that in many businesses information is valuable to competitors and should be protected A opportunities B schemes C ideas D occasions A remedy B loss C cure D conviction A knowledge B presence C number D importance A devices B methods C tricks O D machines A reliability B worth C valuation D identity A better B easier C simpler D bigger A notice B watch C control D regard A fields B areas C systems D angles A employment B application C technique D use 10 A honesty B forgery C validity D value 11 A speed B check C take D key 12 A money B bank C saving D cash 13 A robbery B target C aim D object 14 A portable B expensive C stolen D attractive 15 A reported B known C reveal D Traced Part 7: Supply each blank with one suitable word Many tourists who visit Central America find (1) surprising to learn that the Mayas still live there Although it is true that their ancient civilization came to an end when their country was (2) over by the Spanish conquistadors, the Mayan people carried (3) living in the area Today there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas (4) live in southern Mexico, and many other areas of Central America states have large Mayan populations as (5) Many of their stories and art forms have remained unchanged over time, and today, women weave clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that are the same as those found in ancient temples The different patterns and symbols on these brightly coloured (6) not only look attractive, but can also communicate important information such as marital (7) Even though the majority of the Mayas are now Catholics, many of the festivals that they (8) part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors use to practise and more modern Christian elements It was perhaps the Mayas' ability to (9) and change that made it possible for them to survive to the (10) day Part 8: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the most impressive Seven Wonders of the World Located in smodern day Cambodia near Lake Tonle Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia, Angkor was the seat of power for the Khmer Empire from the ninth to the most impressive ones in the world, rivalling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt Why this mighty civilization died out is a question that archaeologists are now only beginning to ponder The answer, it turns out, may be linked with the availability of fresh water One possible explanation for the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to with the inhabitants’ irrigation system The temple and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding rice patties and farmland during the course of the year Farmers were completely dependent upon the water for their crucial rice cro) Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional crop production Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs and canals broke down The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of physical labour In addition, as the capital of the Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred thousand people who resided in and around Angkor In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were driven to grow food quicker and more efficiently After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and the loss of water led to decrease in the food supply With less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia thus leaving the marvellous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructures What is the passage mainly about? A A possible explanation for the decline of a civilization B Modern day agricultural procedures in Cambodia C The essential role water plays in farming D Religious temples of the ancient Khmer Empire What does the passage preceding most likely discuss? A Architecture of ancient Asian civilization B The form of government practised by the Khmer Empire C Religious practices of the people of Angkor D The other six wonders of the world According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia A is an enormous fresh body of water in Asia B is one of the Seven Wonders of the World C was unable to supply enough fish for the people of Angkor D became polluted due to a population explosion The word ‘seat’ is closest in meaning to A battle B chief C location D summit Why does the author mention the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs? A They supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean B They were destroyed by nearby warrior tribes C They became non-functional due to overuse D They helped transport the sandstones for constructing temples The word ‘reservoirs’ could best be replaced by A dams B lakes C rivers D wells The word ‘they’ refers to A reservoirs and canals B temples and places C rice patties D farmland It can be inferred from the passage that the inhabitants of the Khmer Empire A depended upon rice as their main source of food B lost their food source due to excess rainfall C were intentionally starved by the farmers D supplemented their diets with meat hunted in the nearby jungles All of the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEPT A reduction of nutrients B loss of water supply C erosion of soil D contamination of soil 10 The word ‘decrepit’ is closest in meaning to A beneficial B incomplete C disorganized D deteriorated Part Read the passage and the tasks that follow INVESTIGATING CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE A For over 200 years, there has been an interest in the way children learn to speak and understand their first language Scholars carried out several small-scale studies, especially towards the end of the 19th century, using data they recorded in parental diaries But detailed, systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades of the 20th century, when the tape recorder came into routine use This made it possible to keep a permanent record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to obscure extracts, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description Since then, the subject has attracted enormous multi-disciplinary interest, notably from linguists and psychologists, who have used a variety of observational and experimental techniques to study the process of language acquisition in depth B Central to the success of this rapidly emerging field lies the ability of researchers to devise satisfactory methods for eliciting linguistic data from children The problems that have to be faced are quite different from those encountered when working with adults Many of the linguist’s routine techniques of enquiry cannot be used with children It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s cognitive development – such as their ability to pay attention, or to remember instructions – may not be sufficiently advanced Nor is it easy to get children to make systematic judgments about language, a task that is virtually impossible below the age of three And anyone who has tried to obtain even the most basic kind of data – a tape recording of a representative sample of a child’s speech – knows how frustrating this can be Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to switch off as soon as they notice a tape recorder being switched on C Since the 1960s, however, several sophisticated recording techniques and experimental designs have been devised Children can be observed and recorded through one-way-vision windows or using radio microphones, so that the effects of having an investigator in the same room as the child can be eliminated Large-scale sampling programmes have been carried out, with children sometimes being recorded for several years Particular attention has been paid to devising experimental techniques that fall well within a child’s intellectual level and social experience Even pre-linguistic infants have been brought into the research: acoustic techniques are used to analyse their vocalisations, and their ability to perceive the world around them is monitored using special recording equipment The result has been a growing body of reliable data on the stages of language acquisition from birth until puberty D There is no single way of studying children’s language Linguistics and psychology have each brought their own approach to the subject, and many variations have been introduced to cope with the variety of activities in which children engage, and the great age range that they present Two main research paradigms are found E One of these is known as ‘naturalistic sampling’ A sample of a child’s spontaneous use of language is recorded in familiar and comfortable surroundings One of the best places to make the recording is in the child’s own home, but it is not always easy to maintain good acoustic quality, and the presence of the researcher or the recording equipment can be a distraction (especially if the proceedings are being filmed) Alternatively, the recording can be made in a research centre, where the child is allowed to play freely with toys while talking to parents or other children, and the observers and their equipment are unobtrusive F A good quality, representative, naturalistic sample is generally considered an ideal datum for child language study However, the method has several limitations These samples are informative about speech production, but they give little guidance about children’s comprehension of what they hear around them Moreover, samples cannot contain everything, and they can easily miss some important features of a child’s linguistic ability They may also not provide enough instances of a developing feature to enable the analyst to make a decision about the way the child is learning For such reasons, the description of samples of child speech has to be supplemented by other methods G The other main approach is through experimentation, and the methods of experimental psychology have been widely applied to child language research The investigator formulates a specific hypothesis about children’s ability to use or understand an aspect of language, and devises a relevant task for a group of subjects to undertake A statistical analysis is made of the subjects’ behaviour, and the results provide evidence that supports or falsifies the original hypothesis H Using this approach, as well as other methods of controlled observation, researchers have come up with many detailed findings about the production and comprehension of groups of children However, it is not easy to generalise the findings of these studies What may obtain in a carefully controlled setting may not apply in the rush of daily interaction Different kinds of subjects, experimental situations, and statistical procedures may produce different results or interpretations Experimental research is therefore a slow, painstaking business; it may take years before researchers are convinced that all variables have been considered and a finding is genuine Which paragraphs contains the following information? (You may use any letter more than once.) the possibility of carrying out research on children before they start talking the difficulties in deducing theories from systematic experiments the differences between analysing children’s and adults’ language the ability to record children without them seeing the researcher the drawbacks of recording children in an environment they know Complete the summary below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer WAYS OF INVESTIGATING CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE One method of carrying out research is to record children’s (6) language use This can be done in their homes, where, however, it may be difficult to ensure that the recording is of acceptable (7) Another venue which is often used is a (8) , where the researcher can avoid distracting the child A drawback of this method is that it does not allow children to demonstrate their (9) An alternative approach is to use methodology from the field of experimental psychology In this case, a number of children are asked to carry out a (10) and the results are subjected to a statistical analysis Part 10: Finish the second sentence in such a way that is similar to the original one It's such a wonderful opportunity that we mustn't miss it → It's too You have disobeyed; you will therefore be punished → As a result Even if we don't like the idea, we'll have to follow him this time → Whether I'm absolutely sure that he took the money on purpose → He couldn't Her success went beyond her expectation → Never The inspector showed us four potential health hazards (DREW) → The inspector _ to four potential health hazards 7.Mark was very surprised to see that his watch had been returned (SURPRISE) → Much had returned his watch I really felt relieved on completion of my thesis (SENSE) → I felt a completed my thesis The news came as a terrible shock to us (EARS) → We couldn't the news 10 As I grow older, I distrust other people more and more (DISTRUSTFUL) → The older I grow, other people ĐÁP ÁN: Part 1: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence Scottish pound notes are not legal A tender in England B money C exchange D value Dịch: Các loại giấy bạc Scotland tiền tệ thức (legal tender) Anh The down and outs under the railway bridge A .drove B beat stones at the rats to keep them away C hurled D struck Dịch: Những người vô gia cư (the down and outs) gầm cầu đường sắt ném (hurled) đá vào lũ chuột để chúng tránh xa The tracker stalked the tiger for days but the animal A missed B slipped capture C jumped D eluded Dịch: Người săn thú theo dõi hổ nhiều ngày vật lẩn tránh (elude) bị bắt giữ This book will be a delight to A amateur readers of science fiction B skilled C seasoned D loving Dịch: Cuốn sách làm hài lòng độc giả dày dạn kinh nghiệm (seasoned readers) khoa học viễn tưởng Christopher is prepared to his professional reputation on the idea that this stone circle originally had an astronomical purpose A risk B bet C gamble D stake Dịch: Christopher sẵn sằng đánh đổi danh tiếng (stake sth on sth = bet sth on sth) ngành cho ý tưởng vòng tròn đá (giống bãi Stonehenge) ban đầu có mục đích nghiên cứu thiên văn A considerable of folklore has built up regarding the magical properties of sites such as Stonehenge A pile B body C doctrine D culture Dịch: Một phần đáng kể (A considerable body) văn học dân gian xây dựng liên quan đến đặc tính kỳ diệu địa điểm Stonehenge You'll be willing to help, A wouldn't you? B won't Closure of schools took place A in the context of C shan't D aren't falling numbers of pupils B with regard to C with a concern for D in consideration of Dịch: Việc đóng cửa trường học diễn bối cảnh (in the context of) số lượng học sinh suy giảm Don't worry - the documents are safe A under B on lock and key at my place C in D within safe under lock and key: cất giữ an toàn 10 for Tom's opposition, we would have agreed to the contract A Be it not B Would it not have been C Should it not have been D Had it not been 11 The news report the plight of the refugees A headlined B captioned C highlighted D pinpointed Dịch: Bài báo làm bật (highlight) tình cảnh khốn khó người tỵ nạn 12 Many actors go through a A trial when their lack of work makes them question their vocation B predicament C phase D season go through a phase: qua giai đoạn, trải qua thay đổi tạm thời, phát triển biến động bất thường 13 It's obvious from the car he drives that John's business is A fine B wealthy 14 The sound of the waves A surging D booming (phát triển vượt bậc) C vigorous on the shore lulled her to sleep B thundering C rolling D breaking Dịch: Tiếng sóng vỗ bờ (break on the shore) đưa vào giấc ngủ 15 The townspeople formed a A hunting B lynch mob to find and kill the man who killed the sheriff C search D punishment Dịch: Người dân thị trấn thành lập đám đơng hành hình (a lynch mob) để tìm giết người đàn ơng giết cảnh sát trưởng 16 In any period, examples can be found of new words entering the language A stated B given C named D certain Dịch: Trong khoảng thời gian đặt tên (name) nào, bạn tìm thấy ví dụ từ nhập vào ngôn ngữ 17 The two sides are entrenched and any meeting between them is unlikely to A submit B force C yield a result D concede Dịch: Hai bên cố thủ (entrench) gặp họ khó dẫn đến kết (force a result) 18 The old house was unable to withstand the of severe winter weather and suffered considerable structural damage A extremity B onslaught C outrage D fury Dịch: Ngôi nhà cũ tránh khỏi (withstand) tàn phá dội (the onslaught) thời tiết mùa đông khắc nghiệt và bị hư hại nặng nề 20 Since the information was already in the public A are B domain C eye , the newspaper felt free to publish it D awareness Dịch: Vì thơng tin có phạm vi cơng cộng (public domain) nên tờ báo tự xuất 20 It was a disaster on the A size B scale of the nuclear accident at Chernobyl C terms D consequences on the scale of + N: phạm vi Part 2: Each line in the following passage contains one mistake Underline the mistake and write down your correction The first one is done for you Language is considered a significant means for communication in (0) …of…… international relations People in modern world have not longer been bound to (1) no their own countries Moreover, in to keep informed with speedy scientific (2) keeping developments nowadays, they must widen them cooperative relations with those (3) their highly developing nations in other parts of the world Due to the fact that no one (4) developed is able to communicate with any natives in the world, that is necessary for people (5) it to choose to learn a foreign language like a worldwide common means of (6) as communication That is why English has being chosen by almost people to be a (7) been foreign language to master More and more people use English and the number of (8) most those who learns English as a foreign language has been increased so rapidly that (9) learn it is the highest nowadays (10) increasing Dịch: Ngôn ngữ coi phương tiện giao tiếp có ý nghĩa quan hệ quốc tế Mọi người giới đại khơng cịn bị ràng buộc với đất nước họ Hơn nữa, để cập nhật phát triển khoa học thần tốc ngày nay, họ phải mở rộng quan hệ hợp tác với quốc gia phát triển cao khu vực khác giới, thực tế khơng giao tiếp với người xứ giới, điều cần thiết để người lựa chọn học ngoại ngữ phương tiện giao tiếp thông dụng rộng rãi bên cạnh tiếng mẹ đẻ tiếng mẹ đẻ Đó lý tiếng Anh hầu hết người lựa chọn ngoại ngữ để thành thạo Ngày có nhiều người sử dụng tiếng Anh số người sử dụng tiếng Anh ngoại ngữ tăng nhanh đến mức cao Part 3: Complete each sentence with (a) suitable particle(s) or preposition(s) Once he has signed the agreement, he won't be able to back out the scheme Dịch: Một ký thỏa thuận, rút khỏi kế hoạch Watch out for the signpost I don't want to miss the turning Dịch: Coi chừng biển dẫn Tôi không muốn bỏ lỡ lối rẽ That chair is not very strong Do you think it is up to your weight? Dịch: Cái ghế khơng Bạn có nghĩ cân nặng bạn? She went down with a bad cold just before Christmas Dịch: Cô bị cảm trước Lễ Giáng Sinh The Italian course started in September and it's now March I'm afraid you won't be able to catch up with the class now Whenever he runs up against a difficulty he always comes to me for help Dịch: Bất gặp khó khăn, anh ln tìm đến tơi để giúp đỡ A mother will usually stand up for her children, no matter what they have done There's no point in doing away with the old regulations if you are going to introduce equally stupid new ones Dịch: Sẽ khơng có ích bạn chấm dứt quy định cũ bạn định đưa quy định ngu ngốc không I'm afraid there's no milk left; we'll have to fall back on dried milk for our tea Dịch: Tơi sợ khơng cịn sữa; phải sử dụng sữa bột cho trà 10 It's your turn to make some suggestions; I've run out of ideas Part : Complete the text by writing a correct form of the word in CAPITALS IS IT WORTH IT? It is (0) commonly believed that a break from everyday routine can only COMMON you good Every summer, you can spot prospective (1) holidaymakers at airports and waiting for car HOLDAY ferries They are (2) unmistakable and you can tell them a mile away by their sun MISTAKE hats and hopeful expressions For all their optimism, what often actually happens can be a rude (3) awakening from the blissful holiday dreams of the rest of the year WAKE Sunburn, mosquitoes and (4) unforeseeable Sunburn, mosquitoes and FORESEE (5) beneficial expenses can make you think twice about how (5) beneficial BENEFIT getting away from it all really is The fact is, the (6) likelihood of something going wrong is maximized when you are abroad and, (7) unfortunately your ability to deal LIKELY FORTUNE with crisis and catastrophe is often minimized This could be because of language problems, (8) unfamiliarity with the culture, or FAMILIAR simply a different climate, all of which make everything seem different and unreal So, what is the answer? (9) Undoubtedly, an annual escape from normal DOUBT working life is a very positive thing However, the (10) wisdom of seeking an exotic location is questionable when you think of all WISE the things that can go wrong → Dịch: Người ta thường tin việc nghỉ ngơi khỏi thói quen hàng ngày giúp bạn tốt Vào mùa hè, bạn phát nhà du lịch tiềm sân bay đợi chuyến phà Họ nhầm lẫn - bạn nói với họ cách xa dặm mũ che nắng biểu cảm đầy hy vọng họ Đối với tất lạc quan họ, thực thường xảy thức tỉnh thô lỗ khỏi giấc mơ kỳ nghỉ hạnh phúc phần lại năm Cháy nắng, muỗi chi phí khơng lường trước khiến bạn phải suy nghĩ lại việc tránh xa tất thực có lợi Thực tế là, khả xảy sai sót tối đa bạn nước ngồi thật khơng may, khả đối phó với khủng hoảng thảm họa bạn thường bị giảm thiểu Điều vấn đề ngơn ngữ, khơng quen thuộc với văn hóa, đơn giản khí hậu khác biệt, tất khiến thứ khác biệt khơng thực Vậy câu trả lời gì? Khơng cịn nghi ngờ nữa, việc khỏi sống lao động bình thường hàng năm điều tích cực Tuy nhiên, khơn ngoan việc tìm kiếm địa điểm kỳ lạ vấn đề đáng nghi bạn nghĩ tất điều xảy Part 5: Read the following passage and supply the correct verb forms and tenses AFTER THE FIRE Firemen (1 fight) fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they (2 can get) could get it under control A short time before, great trees (3 cover) had covered the countryside for miles around Now, smoke still (4 rise up) rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills Winter (5 come) was coming on the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well When the fire (6 at last/ put out) had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass seed which (7 grow) would grow quickly The seed was sprayed over the ground in large quantities by airplanes The planes (8 plant) had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain By then, however, in many places the grass (9 already take) had already taken root In place of the great trees which had been there for centuries, patches of green (10 begin) had begun to appear in the blackened soil → Dịch: Các lính cứu hỏa chiến đấu với đám cháy rừng gần ba tuần trước họ kiểm sốt Một thời gian ngắn trước đó, đại thụ bao phủ vùng nông thôn hàng dặm xung quanh Bây giờ, khói bốc lên từ mặt đất ấm áp đồi hoang vắng Mùa đông đến đồi đe dọa tàn phá ngơi làng xung quanh, mưa lớn khơng trơi đất mà cịn gây lũ lụt nghiêm trọng Cuối lửa dập tắt, quan quản lý rừng đặt hàng vài loại hạt cỏ đặc biệt phát triển nhanh chóng Hạt giống rải mặt đất với số lượng lớn máy bay Máy bay gieo hạt gần tháng trời bắt đầu đổ mưa Tuy nhiên, đến lúc đó, nhiều nơi cỏ bén rễ Thay cho đại thụ mọc nhiều kỷ, mảng xanh bắt đầu xuất đất đen Part 6: Choose the best word(s) to fill in each blank in the following passage SHOPLIFTING Last year, losses from shops through shoplifting and theft by staff amounted to over £1 billion There are many (1) for shopkeepers themselves to reduce shoplifting As with all types of crime, prevention is better than (2) The best deterrent is the (3) of staff properly trained in how to identify potential shoplifters There are also many security (4) now available Video camera surveillance is a popular system, even with quite small retailers In clothes shops, magnetic tag marking systems that set off an alarm have proved their (5) However, there are many (6) measures that retailers should consider Better lighting and ceiling-hung mirrors can help staff to (7) all parts of the display area Similarly, simply arranging shelves and display units to allow clear (8) of vision is a good deterrent Another problem for retailers is the (9) of stolen credit cards to buy goods and services Many retailers avoid this by always checking the (10) of a card used for purchase Electronic systems are now available to (11) up the procedure Most companies keep a petty (12) box for small expenses They are a popular (13) for thieves It is not enough to have a box that locks A thief can steal it and then open it at leisure Lock it in a drawer as well Telephones typewriters, word processors and computers are also vulnerable because they are (14) Property marking is a good deterrent and helps the police return stolen goods if they are (15) _ And remember that in many businesses information is valuable to competitors and should be protected A opportunities B schemes C ideas D occasions A remedy B loss C cure D conviction A knowledge B presence C number D importance A devices B methods C tricks O D machines A reliability B worth C valuation D identity A better B easier C simpler D bigger A notice B watch C control D regard A fields B areas C systems D angles A employment B application C technique D use 10 A honesty B forgery C validity D value 11 A speed B check C take D key 12 A money B bank C saving D cash 13 A robbery B target C aim D object 14 A portable B expensive C stolen D attractive 15 A reported B known C reveal D Traced → Dịch: Trộm vặt cửa hàng Năm ngoái, thiệt hại từ cửa hàng nhân viên ăn cắp trộm cắp cửa hàng lên tới tỷ bảng Anh Có nhiều kế hoạch cho chủ cửa hàng để giảm bớt việc trộm đồ Đối với tất loại tội phạm, phòng ngừa chữa bệnh Cách răn đe tốt diện nhân viên đào tạo thích hợp cách xác định kẻ gian lận tiềm ẩn Hiện có nhiều phương pháp bảo mật cung cấp Giám sát camera video hệ thống phổ biến, với cửa hàng bán lẻ nhỏ Trong cửa hàng quần áo, hệ thống đánh dấu thẻ từ có tác dụng báo động chứng tỏ độ tin cậy chúng Tuy nhiên, có nhiều biện pháp đơn giản mà nhà bán lẻ nên xem xét Ánh sáng tốt gương treo trần giúp nhân viên kiểm sốt tất phần khu vực trưng bày Tương tự, cần bố trí kệ đơn vị trưng bày cho có tầm nhìn rõ ràng biện pháp ngăn chặn tốt Một vấn đề khác nhà bán lẻ việc sử dụng thẻ tín dụng bị đánh cắp để mua hàng hóa dịch vụ Nhiều nhà bán lẻ tránh điều cách ln kiểm tra tính hợp lệ thẻ sử dụng để mua hàng Hệ thống điện tử có sẵn để kiểm tra thủ tục Hầu hết công ty giữ hộp tiền mặt nhỏ để chi tiêu nhỏ Họ mục tiêu phổ biến cho tên trộm Nó khơng đủ để có hộp khóa Kẻ trộm lấy trộm sau mở lúc rảnh rỗi Khóa ngăn kéo tốt Điện thoại, máy đánh chữ, máy xử lý văn máy tính dễ bị cơng chúng loại xách tay Đánh dấu tài sản biện pháp ngăn chặn tốt giúp cảnh sát trả lại hàng bị đánh cắp chúng báo cáo Và nhớ nhiều doanh nghiệp, thơng tin có giá trị đối thủ cạnh tranh cần bảo vệ Part 7: Supply each blank with one suitable word Many tourists who visit Central America find (1) it surprising to learn that the Mayas still live there Although it is true that their ancient civilization came to an end when their country was (2) taken over by the Spanish conquistadors, the Mayan people carried (3) on living in the area Today there are an estimated 1.2 million Mayas (4) who live in southern Mexico, and many other areas of Central America states have large Mayan populations as (5) well Many of their stories and art forms have remained unchanged over time, and today, women weave clothing and carpets that have signs and symbols that are the same as those found in ancient temples The different patterns and symbols on these brightly coloured (6) clothes not only look attractive, but can also communicate important information such as marital (7) status Even though the majority of the Mayas are now Catholics, many of the festivals that they (8) take part in are a mixture of the old rituals that their ancestors use to practise and more modern Christian elements It was perhaps the Mayas' ability to (9) adapt and change that made it possible for them to survive to the (10) present day → Dịch: Nhiều câu chuyện hình thức nghệ thuật họ không thay đổi theo thời gian, ngày nay, phụ nữ dệt quần áo thảm có dấu hiệu biểu tượng giống dấu hiệu biểu tượng tìm thấy đền cổ Những họa tiết biểu tượng khác quần áo có màu sắc rực rỡ khơng trơng hấp dẫn mà cịn truyền đạt thơng tin quan trọng tình trạng nhân Mặc dù phần lớn người Maya Công giáo, nhiều lễ hội mà họ tham gia pha trộn nghi lễ cũ mà tổ tiên họ sử dụng để thực hành yếu tố Cơ đốc giáo đại Có lẽ khả thích nghi thay đổi người Mayas giúp họ tồn ngày Part 8: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the most impressive Seven Wonders of the World (2) Located in smodern day Cambodia near Lake Tonle Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia (3), Angkor was the seat of power for the Khmer Empire from the ninth to the most impressive ones in the world, rivalling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt Why this mighty civilization died out is a question that archaeologists are now only beginning to ponder The answer, it turns out, may be linked with the availability of fresh water One possible explanation for the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to with the inhabitants’ irrigation system The temple and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding rice patties and farmland during the course of the year (5+7) Farmers were completely dependent upon the water for their crucial rice crop (8) Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional crop production Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs and canals broke down The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of physical labour In addition, as the capital of the Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred thousand people who resided in and around Angkor In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were driven to grow food quicker and more efficiently After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and the loss of water led to decrease in the food supply (9) With less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia thus leaving the marvellous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructures What is the passage mainly about? A A possible explanation for the decline of a civilization B Modern day agricultural procedures in Cambodia C The essential role water plays in farming D Religious temples of the ancient Khmer Empire What does the passage preceding most likely discuss? A Architecture of ancient Asian civilization B The form of government practised by the Khmer Empire C Religious practices of the people of Angkor D The other six wonders of the world According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia A is an enormous fresh body of water in Asia B is one of the Seven Wonders of the World C was unable to supply enough fish for the people of Angkor D became polluted due to a population explosion The word ‘seat’ is closest in meaning to A battle B chief C location D summit Why does the author mention the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs? A They supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean B They were destroyed by nearby warrior tribes C They became non-functional due to overuse D They helped transport the sandstones for constructing temples The word ‘reservoirs’ could best be replaced by (hồ chứa nước) A dams B lakes C rivers D wells The word ‘they’ refers to A reservoirs and canals B temples and places C rice patties D farmland It can be inferred from the passage that the inhabitants of the Khmer Empire A depended upon rice as their main source of food B lost their food source due to excess rainfall C were intentionally starved by the farmers D supplemented their diets with meat hunted in the nearby jungles All of the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEPT A reduction of nutrients B loss of water supply C erosion of soil D contamination of soil 10 The word ‘decrepit’ is closest in meaning to (hư, đổ nát) A beneficial B incomplete C disorganized D deteriorated → Dịch: Những ngơi đền đổ nát Angkor có lẽ bảy kỳ quan ấn tượng giới Nằm Campuchia đại gần hồ Tonle Sap, hồ nước lớn châu Á, Angkor nơi nắm quyền lực Đế quốc Khmer từ kỷ thứ chín đến kỷ mười lăm Các tàn tích Angkor ghi nhận giống cột buồm ấn tượng giới, cạnh tranh với kim tự tháp Giza Ai Cập Tại văn minh hùng mạnh chết câu hỏi mà nhà khảo cổ học bắt đầu suy ngẫm Câu trả lời, hóa ra, liên kết với sẵn có nước Một lời giải thích sụp đổ Đế quốc Khmer có liên quan đến hệ thống thủy lợi người dân Ngôi đền cung điện Angkor xây dựng xung quanh loạt hồ chứa kênh đào nhân tạo hàng năm bị ngập đến sức chứa sông Mê Kông Sau lấp đầy, chúng sử dụng để tưới cho ruộng lúa đất nông nghiệp xung quanh suốt năm Nơng dân hồn tồn phụ thuộc vào nước cho vụ lúa quan trọng họ Nếu khơng có hệ thống tưới phù hợp, nông dân trì sản xuất trồng chức Các nhà khoa học suy đoán đến cuối Đế chế Khmer, hệ thống thủy lực hồ chứa kênh đào bị phá vỡ Việc xây dựng hàng trăm đền thờ đá sa thạch cung điện địi hỏi lượng lớn lao động thể chất Ngồi ra, thủ đô Đế quốc Khmer, Angkor chứa hon trăm ngàn người cư trú xung quanh Angkor Để nuôi nhiều người, nông dân địa phương thúc đẩy trồng thức ăn nhanh hiệu Sau nhiều kỷ sử dụng liên tục, hệ thống thủy lợi đẩy vượt khả Xói mịn đất, suy giảm chất dinh dưỡng nước dẫn đến giảm nguồn cung cấp thực phẩm Với thực phẩm có sẵn, người dân Angkor bắt đầu di cư đến khu vực khác Campuchia, đó, khiến thành phố Angkor kỳ diệu bị rừng rậm nuốt chửng Do đó, người ta suy đốn Đế quốc Khmer trở thành nạn nhân sở hạ tầng suy đồi Part Read the passage and the tasks that follow INVESTIGATING CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE A For over 200 years, there has been an interest in the way children learn to speak and understand their first language Scholars carried out several small-scale studies, especially towards the end of the 19th century, using data they recorded in parental diaries But detailed, systematic investigation did not begin until the middle decades of the 20th century, when the tape recorder came into routine use This made it possible to keep a permanent record of samples of child speech, so that analysts could listen repeatedly to obscure extracts, and thus produce a detailed and accurate description Since then, the subject has attracted enormous multi-disciplinary interest, notably from linguists and psychologists, who have used a variety of observational and experimental techniques to study the process of language acquisition in depth B Central to the success of this rapidly emerging field lies the ability of researchers to devise satisfactory methods for eliciting linguistic data from children The problems that have to be faced are quite different from those encountered when working with adults Many of the linguist’s routine techniques of enquiry cannot be used with children It is not possible to carry out certain kinds of experiments, because aspects of children’s cognitive development – such as their ability to pay attention, or to remember instructions – may not be sufficiently advanced Nor is it easy to get children to make systematic judgments about language, a task that is virtually impossible below the age of three And anyone who has tried to obtain even the most basic kind of data – a tape recording of a representative sample of a child’s speech – knows how frustrating this can be Some children, it seems, are innately programmed to switch off as soon as they notice a tape recorder being switched on C Since the 1960s, however, several sophisticated recording techniques and experimental designs have been devised Children can be observed and recorded through one-way-vision windows or using radio microphones, so that the effects of having an investigator in the same room as the child can be eliminated Large-scale sampling programmes have been carried out, with children sometimes being recorded for several years Particular attention has been paid to devising experimental techniques that fall well within a child’s intellectual level and social experience Even pre-linguistic infants have been brought into the research: acoustic techniques are used to analyse their vocalisations, and their ability to perceive the world around them is monitored using special recording equipment The result has been a growing body of reliable data on the stages of language acquisition from birth until puberty D There is no single way of studying children’s language Linguistics and psychology have each brought their own approach to the subject, and many variations have been introduced to cope with the variety of activities in which children engage, and the great age range that they present Two main research paradigms are found E One of these is known as ‘naturalistic sampling’ A sample of a child’s spontaneous use of language is recorded in familiar and comfortable surroundings One of the best places to make the recording is in the child’s own home, but it is not always easy to maintain good acoustic quality, and the presence of the researcher or the recording equipment can be a distraction (especially if the proceedings are being filmed) Alternatively, the recording can be made in a research centre, where the child is allowed to play freely with toys while talking to parents or other children, and the observers and their equipment are unobtrusive F A good quality, representative, naturalistic sample is generally considered an ideal datum for child language study However, the method has several limitations These samples are informative about speech production, but they give little guidance about children’s comprehension of what they hear around them Moreover, samples cannot contain everything, and they can easily miss some important features of a child’s linguistic ability They may also not provide enough instances of a developing feature to enable the analyst to make a decision about the way the child is learning For such reasons, the description of samples of child speech has to be supplemented by other methods G The other main approach is through experimentation, and the methods of experimental psychology have been widely applied to child language research The investigator formulates a specific hypothesis about children’s ability to use or understand an aspect of language, and devises a relevant task for a group of subjects to undertake A statistical analysis is made of the subjects’ behaviour, and the results provide evidence that supports or falsifies the original hypothesis H Using this approach, as well as other methods of controlled observation, researchers have come up with many detailed findings about the production and comprehension of groups of children However, it is not easy to generalise the findings of these studies What may obtain in a carefully controlled setting may not apply in the rush of daily interaction Different kinds of subjects, experimental situations, and statistical procedures may produce different results or interpretations Experimental research is therefore a slow, painstaking business; it may take years before researchers are convinced that all variables have been considered and a finding is genuine → Dịch: Điều tra ngôn ngữ trẻ em A Trong 200 năm, người ta quan tâm đến cách trẻ em học nói hiểu ngôn ngữ chúng Các học giả thực số nghiên cứu quy mô nhỏ, đặc biệt vào cuối kỷ 19, sử dụng liệu họ ghi lại nhật ký cha mẹ Nhưng điều tra chi tiết, có hệ thống không bắt đầu thập kỷ kỷ 20, máy ghi âm sử dụng thường xuyên Điều làm cho lưu giữ hồ sơ vĩnh viễn mẫu lời nói trẻ em, để nhà phân tích nghe lặp lặp lại phần trích dẫn khó hiểu tạo mơ tả chi tiết xác Kể từ đó, mơn học thu hút quan tâm to lớn từ nhiều ngành, đặc biệt từ nhà ngôn ngữ học tâm lý học, người sử dụng nhiều kỹ thuật quan sát thực nghiệm để nghiên cứu sâu q trình lĩnh hội ngơn ngữ B Trọng tâm thành công lĩnh vực phát triển nhanh chóng khả nhà nghiên cứu việc đưa phương pháp thỏa đáng để thu thập liệu ngôn ngữ từ trẻ em Những vấn đề phải đối mặt hoàn toàn khác so với vấn đề gặp phải làm việc với người lớn Nhiều kỹ thuật tìm hiểu thơng thường nhà ngôn ngữ học sử dụng với trẻ em Khơng thể thực số loại thí nghiệm khía cạnh phát triển nhận thức trẻ - chẳng hạn khả ý ghi nhớ hướng dẫn - chưa đủ nâng cao Cũng không dễ để trẻ đưa phán đốn có hệ thống ngơn ngữ, nhiệm vụ thực độ tuổi ba tuổi Và cố gắng lấy loại liệu - đoạn băng ghi âm mẫu đại diện cho phát biểu trẻ - biết điều gây khó chịu Có vẻ số trẻ em lập trình bẩm sinh để tắt chúng nhận thấy máy ghi âm bật