Fill each gap of the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets 1 (LEAD) skill is the one skill that can grant you the opportunity to get a good job 2 The teacher warned the chi[.]
Fill each gap of the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets (LEAD) skill is the one skill that can grant you the opportunity to get a good job The teacher warned the children that if they _ again, they would be punished (BEHAVE) His busy schedule made him completely _ (ACCESS) to his students If you are worried about wrinkles, use a _ (MOIST) cream every day She uprooted (ROOT) herself, left the farm and moved to London Heavy rain and excessive use have _ soil (POVERTY) Next week, the Sunday mass will be held to _ (MEMORY) the victims of the holocaust That bicycle lacks a few spokes in the wheels, but I think you can ignore such a minor _ (SHORT) and buy it at the low cost offered The key to the peaceful coexistence of a multiracial community is the reduction of the social _ (EQUAL) 10 Some of you must have forgotten to _ (CONNECT) the iron before leaving the house and therefore the fire broke out 11.She became well-known as a consistent _ of slavery OPPOSE 12 _ Is a list of errors in a printed work as a separate page of corrections, known as an errate page CORRECT 13 Many scientists argue that dinosaurs developed extensive _ passages with membrances to cool their skin surfaces NOSE 14 Premature disclosure of the test sites might lead to _ of the experiment VALID 15 He became _ in his opposition in his plan He gave up his viewpoint after his boss criticized RESOLVE 16 He was returned to prison in 1977 for _ a police officer PERSON 17 The soldiers have been ordered to _ from firing the guns INSIST 18 I lingered in San Francisco, _ myself after the hardships of the cruise, spending money, regretting it, continually promising departure for the morrow DAMAGE 19 One of the cars involved in the accident was a complete _ WRITE 20 The work is marred by a number of typing and spelling errors, and would have benefited from stricter _ before submission READ There is ONE mistake in each of the following sentences Find out the mistake and correct it Most people are afraid from sharks They have replaced workers with computer-controlled machines in near all their factories We spent a great deal of time looking through a large number of books to help him find a few information about Bermuda, but he knew most of it already Not many people realize that a spider is not insect because insects don’t have eight legs and neither of them make webs 4 The school advised William's parents to let him go on the adventure holiday as it might develop him self-confidence By the year 2015 it may be possible to travel faster than the speed of the light Probably a number of people is going to be working on space stations in fifty years' time It seems almost inevitable that the lead actor will be replaced before the show will close In general, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distort The railway police have finally arrested the man who has been responsible to biting all the buttons off railway carriage seats 10 Migration is a perilous seasonal journey undertake by many bird species Fill in the gaps of the following sentences with suitable particles or prepositions His heart attack was brought _ by too much stress at work We don’t quite like the new employer’s approach He seems to lie _ the job Learning this long definition _ heart seems to be an impossible task At the moment, I am _ to my ears in work, so I can't go out with you The government’s plans to reduce crime came _ for a lot of criticism from freedom groups I was _ the impression that you like Indian food Mr Horrid was a terrible teacher and obviously not cut _ for teaching The farmhouse we stayed in was completely _ the beaten track The teacher was deaf _ Nick's explanation of why he hadn't done his homework 10 Although Mrs Parker was bitterly jealous _ her friends’ higher wage in the company, she managed to avoid making sharp comments Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap People’s personalities vary considerably from one another as there are no two alike Our ingrained characters which (1) the patterns of our behavior, our reactions and temperaments are unparalleled on (2) of the diversified processes that mould our personality in the earliest (3) of human development Some traits of character may to some (4) _ be hereditary simulating the attributes that identify our parents Others may (5) _ from the conditions experienced during pregnancy and infancy in this way reflecting the parents’ approach towards (6) _ their offspring Consequently, the environmental factor (7) _ a crucial role in strengthening of eliminating certain behavioral systems making an individual more prone to comfort to the patterns that (8) a prize Undoubtedly, human personality (9) the most profound and irreversible formation during the first period of its development, yet, certain characteristics may still be (10) to considerable changes conditioned by different circumstances and situations A denote B resolve C inflict D determine A account B means C token D event A states B instants C stages D terms A scope A stem A breeding A makes A yearn A under acts 10 A practicable B area B relate B rearing B does B deserve B undertakes B feasible C extent C rise C growing C finds C wish C undergoes C subject D length D formulate D yielding D plays D necessitate D underlies D potential Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap What is the difference between creative thinking and logical thinking? In creative thinking, we try to (1) _ up with as many ideas as (2) _ We call this brainstorming We keep (3) _ open mind about the ideas for the time being, (4) _ the ideas are practical or not No idea is considered ridiculous because (5) _ the most outlandish idea may work This way we have a (6) _ of several possible solutions In logical thinking, we are looking for (7) _ right answer (8) _ we find a working solution, we stop looking for alternatives, without realizing that there could be better solutions Most problems have more than one possible solution Creative thinking (9) _ us to choose the best of them Creative thinking and logical thinking don't oppose (10) _ other but they complement each other in fact Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the passage Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller Not geographically, of course, but in the sense that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world’s citizens to view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world views (1) In this melting pot that the world has become, today’s child is privy to facets of the human experience that his immediate predecessors had no inkling even existed It stands to reason that in order to absorb, configure and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet, children must be supplied with certain tools Included in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills, cultural awareness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the latter Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have been considered a very rare entity This one-language phenomenon could be attributed to a combination of factors Firstly, the monolingual environment in which a child was raised played a strong role, as did the limited, biased education of the past With regard to immigrants, the sad fact was that non-native parents tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue so that the child would acquire the ‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost complete reversal In the majority of North American and European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second or even a third language Children acquire these foreign languages through various and diverse means In many countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school curriculum Other children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve their goal In other instances, children are born to bilingual parents, who, if they so desire, may teach the children two languages Bringing up one’s child bilingually is not a decision to be taken lightly Both parents must consider long and hard the implications involved in raising a child in a two-language home This decision is one of those all-important choices which will affect not only the parents’ lives but also the life of the child Raising a child bilingually has a two-fold effect Firstly, of course, the child learns the two languages of the parents Secondly, the parents’ decision will influence factors which will have a far-reaching effect on the child’s life Some of these factors include: style and place of education; diameter of social circle; employment potential and preference; and, most importantly, the way in which the child views himself and his global environment One of the more advantageous by-products of being a member of a bilingual family is the inherent awareness of two different cultures This bicultural child inherits a wealth of knowledge brought about by an exposure to: historical backgrounds; traditional songs and folklore; rituals of marriage; models of social interaction; and therefore, two varying interpretations of the world The monolingual child seems to be at a disadvantage in comparison to the bilingual child, who has a set of languages and an accompanying set of abstract cultural ideas Practically speaking, when a child comes from a two-language family, he must be taught both languages in order to communicate with the extended family members When, for example, the grandparents speak a language which differs from that of the child’s locale, a monolingual child would be deprived of the interaction which occurs between grandparents and grandchildren On the other hand, a bilingual child will not only be able to speak to grandparents, but will also comprehend where these people have ‘come from’ There will be a shared cultural empathy within the family Because all family members can communicate, on both a verbal and cultural level, no one will feel excluded and the child will develop a sense of rootedness On a more abstract level, it has been said that a bilingual child thinks differently from a monolingual child Current research in linguistics indicates that there may be a strong correlation between bilingualism and cognitive skills This new research concerns itself with the fact that a bilingual child has two lexical structures for any given physical or abstract entity This leads logically to the assumption that the child also has two associations for many words, as a word can mean different things in different languages For example, the word ‘fire’ in many western hemisphere languages connotes warmth and relaxation In the Inuit language however, where fire is a necessity of life, it may connote heat and survival For the bilingual child, then, vocabulary items and the abstract idea behind them are both dual in nature and more elastic Researchers maintain that this elasticity of ideas may allow the child to think more flexibly and, therefore, more creatively In the author’s view, the world is becoming a _ A more culturally diverse place B place where only privileged children will prosper C less complex place to live in D much more integrated place According to the first paragraph, which of the following was true of immigrants? A Children were reluctant to use their mother tongue B The mother tongue was considered less important C Parents encouraged children to use their mother tongue D Most parents made it a priority for children to grow up bilingual The phrase “privy to” in paragraph mostly means _ A acquainted with B advised of C apprised of D in the know about The phrase “attributed to” in paragraph mostly means _ A ascribed to B associated with C connected with D held responsible for According to the writer, second or foreign language learning is something _ A people are still apathetic towards B mainly associated with private sector education C that few people take seriously D about which general attitudes have evolved considerably According to the article, the decision to raise bilingual children is difficult because A it may limit the child’s choice of friends B though simple for parents, it can impact negatively on children C it may cause children to lose their sense of identity D it needs to be considered from many different angles With regard to the extended family in immigrant situations, the writer feels it is important that _ A adults try to understand the child’s difficult cultural situation B children are not pressured to speak their parents’ native language C adults recognize the child’s need to identify more with local culture D children can relate to all aspects of their parents’ native culture The word “by-products” in paragraph mostly means _ A entailments B knock-on effects C side effects D spin-offs The word “connotes” in paragraph mostly means _ A underpins B implies C signifies D smacks of 10 According to current research, the benefit of learning two languages is that _ A different types of knowledge can be accessed in different languages B bilinguals become more aware the origin of words in languages C it helps to develop different capabilities of the mind D bilinguals develop a greater sense of the value of culture Read the following passage and choose the most suitable from A to G on the list and write it in each gap from to STAYING HEALTHY IN SPACE The range of foods available to astronauts is vast, and great care is taken to ensure that it looks and smells appetizing Meals are organized to provide an average of 3,000 calories a day, which seems high for living in an enclosed environment in which there is no gravity But astronauts can expend a great deal of energy in doing the simplest things For example, if they try to turn a handle, they turn themselves as well If they bend down to up a shoelace, (1) _ Finding unusual ways of doing such ordinary things uses up the excess calories The space diet is balanced rather differently from a terrestrial diet This is to try and compensate for changes that take place in the body during space flight Bodily changes begin as soon as astronauts go into space (2) _ Among the most serious is calcium loss, which causes a marked reduction in the mass and strength of bones There is also a progressive loss of red blood cells What causes these effects is not known, (3) _ The heart muscles, with no gravity to battle against, start to waste away The leg muscles start to waste away too, since walking, as done on Earth, (4) Exercise also helps to reduce muscle wastage (5) No one yet knows the limit of human endurance in space If astronauts can withstand two years or more of continuous weightlessness, the mankind’s dream of visiting other planets could become reality in the early decades of the next century A can only be done if astronauts put on their heavy spacesuits B and will never be known C which is rather more than astronauts really need D and are quite noticeable after even a week E they start turning somersaults F and is vital on very long flights G and the question must be answered before long-duration space-flight is really safe Read the passage and the tasks that follow The US City and the Natural Environment A While cities and their metropolitan areas have always interacted with and shaped the natural environment, it is only recently that historians have begun to consider this relationship During our own time, the tension between natural and urbanized areas has increased, as the spread of metropolitan populations and urban land uses has reshaped and destroyed natural landscapes and environments B The relationship between the city and the natural environment has actually been circular, with cities having massive effects on the natural environment, while the natural environment, in turn, has profoundly shaped urban configurations Urban history is filled with stories about how city dwellers contended with the forces of nature that threatened their lives Nature not only caused many of the annoyances of daily urban life, such as bad weather and pests, but it also gave rise to natural disasters and catastrophes such as floods, fires, and earthquakes In order to protect themselves and their settlements against the forces of nature, cities built many defenses including flood walls and dams, earthquake-resistant buildings, and storage places for food and water At times, such protective steps sheltered urbanites against the worst natural furies, but often their own actions – such as building under the shadow of volcanoes, or in earthquake-prone zones – exposed them to danger from natural hazards C City populations require food, water, fuel, and construction materials, while urban industries need natural materials for production purposes In order to fulfill these needs, urbanites increasingly had to reach far beyond their boundaries In the nineteenth century, for instance, the demands of city dwellers for food produced rings of garden farms around cities In the twentieth century, as urban populations increased, the demand for food drove the rise of large factory farms Cities also require fresh water supplies in order to exist – engineers built waterworks, dug wells deeper and deeper into the earth looking for groundwater, and dammed and diverted rivers to obtain water supplies for domestic and industrial uses In the process of obtaining water from distant locales, cities often transformed them, making deserts where there had been fertile agricultural areas D Urbanites had to seek locations to dispose of the wastes they produced Initially, they placed wastes on sites within the city, polluting the air, land, and water with industrial and domestic effluents As cities grew larger, they disposed of their wastes by transporting them to more distant locations Thus, cities constructed sewerage systems for domestic wastes They usually discharged the sewage into neighboring waterways, often polluting the water supply of downstream cities The air and the land also became dumps for waste disposal In the late nineteenth century, coal became the preferred fuel for industrial, transportation, and domestic use But while providing an inexpensive and plentiful energy supply, coal was also very dirty The cities that used it suffered from air contamination and reduced sunlight, while the cleaning tasks of householders were greatly increased E In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reformers began demanding urban environmental cleanups and public health improvements Women's groups often took the lead in agitating for clean air and clean water, showing a greater concern than men in regard to quality of life and health-related issues The replacement of the horse, first by electric trolleys and then by the car, brought about substantial improvements in street and air sanitation The movements demanding clean air, however, and reduction of waterway pollution were largely unsuccessful On balance, urban sanitary conditions were probably somewhat better in the 1920s than in the late nineteenth century, but the cost of improvement often was the exploitation of urban hinterlands for water supplies, increased downstream water pollution, and growing automobile congestion and pollution F In the decades after the 1940s, city environments suffered from heavy pollution as they sought to cope with increased automobile usage, pollution from industrial production, new varieties of chemical pesticides and the wastes of an increasingly consumer-oriented economy Cleaner fuels and smoke control laws largely freed cities during the 1940s and 1950s of the dense smoke that they had previously suffered from Improved urban air quality resulted largely from the substitution of natural gas and oil for coal and the replacement of the steam locomotive by the diesel-electric However, great increases in automobile usage in some larger cities produced the new phenomenon of smog, and air pollution replaced smoke as a major concern G During these decades, the suburban out-migration, which had begun in the nineteenth century with commuter trains and streetcars and accelerated because of the availability and convenience of the automobile, now increased to a torrent, putting major strains on the formerly rural and undeveloped metropolitan fringes To a great extent, suburban layouts ignored environmental considerations, making little provision for open space, producing endless rows of resource-consuming and fertilizer-dependent lawns, contaminating groundwater through leaking septic tanks, and absorbing excessive amounts of fresh water and energy The growth of the outer city since the 1970s reflected a continued preference on the part of many people in the western world for space-intensive single-family houses surrounded by lawns, for private automobiles over public transit, and for the development of previously untouched areas Without better planning for land use and environmental protection, urban life will, as it has in the past, continue to damage and stress the natural environment Questions 1-7 (7pts) The passage has seven sections, A-G Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below Write the correct number, i-x, in 1-7 Three of the headings not fit List of headings i Legislation brings temporary improvements ii The increasing speed of suburban development iii A new area of academic interest iv The impact of environmental extremes on city planning v The first campaigns for environmental change vi Building cities in earthquake zones vii The effect of global warming on cities viii Adapting areas surrounding cities to provide resources ix Removing the unwanted by-products of city life x Providing health information for city dwellers 1) Paragraph A 2) Paragraph B 3) Paragraph C 4) Paragraph D 5) Paragraph E 6) Paragraph F 7) Paragraph G WRITING He really upset everyone when he told them his secret PIGEONS - He _ Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed LEAF - You will _ You may think you are talented but horses will always show you are not PEG - No matter _ I avoided mentioning Jack’s demotion as I realized that it might upset him SLEEPING - Realizing that _ Susan is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge MATCH - When it comes _ It is important that we have to get the team to comply with the rules LINE - It is of _ Winning the prize has made him very conceited HEAD - Winning _ Prompt action from the police helped to reduce the number of people killed and injured in the fighting SUFFERED - Were it casualties His efforts to find a solution didn’t deserve such a savage criticism - He _ 10 He did not succeed in reaching the top of the highest mountain in this area - In vain _ ĐÁP ÁN: Fill each gap of the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets Leadership (LEAD) skill is the one skill that can grant you the opportunity to get a good job The teacher warned the children that if they misbehaved again, they would be punished (BEHAVE) His busy schedule made him completely inaccessible (ACCESS) to his students If you are worried about wrinkles, use a moisturizing (MOIST) cream every day She uprooted (ROOT) herself, left the farm and moved to London Heavy rain and excessive use have impoverished soil (POVERTY) Next week, the Sunday mass will be held to commemorate (MEMORY) the victims of the holocaust That bicycle lacks a few spokes in the wheels, but I think you can ignore such a minor shortcoming (SHORT) and buy it at the low cost offered The key to the peaceful coexistence of a multiracial community is the reduction of the social inequalities (EQUAL) 10 Some of you must have forgotten to disconnect (CONNECT) the iron before leaving the house and therefore the fire broke out 11.She became well-known as a consistent opponent of slavery OPPOSE 12 Corrigendum Is a list of errors in a printed work as a separate page of corrections, known as an errate page CORRECT 13 Many scientists argue that dinosaurs developed extensive nasal passages with membrances to cool their skin surfaces NOSE 14 Premature disclosure of the test sites might lead to validation of the experiment VALID 15 He became irresolute in his opposition in his plan He gave up his viewpoint after his boss criticized RESOLVE 16 He was returned to prison in 1977 for impersonating a police officer PERSON 17 The soldiers have been ordered to desist from firing the guns INSIST 18 I lingered in San Francisco, indeminify myself after the hardships of the cruise , spending money , regretting it , continually promising departure for the morrow DAMAGE 19 One of the cars involved in the accident was a complete write-off WRITE 20 The work is marred by a number of typing and spelling errors , and would have benefited from stricter proof-reading before submission READ There is ONE mistake in each of the following sentences Find out the mistake and correct it Most people are afraid from of sharks They have replaced workers with computer-controlled machines in near nearrly all their factories 2 We spent a great deal of time looking through a large number of books to help him find a few little information about Bermuda, but he knew most of it already Not many people realize that a spider is not insect because insects don’t have eight legs and neither none of them make webs The school advised William's parents to let him go on the adventure holiday as it might develop him his self-confidence By the year 2015 it may be possible to travel faster than the speed of the light Probably a number of people is are going to be working on space stations in fifty years' time It seems almost inevitable that the lead actor will be replaced before the show will close closes In general, realistic films attempt to reproduce the surface of concrete reality with a minimum of distort disortion The railway police have finally arrested the man who has been responsible to for biting all the buttons off railway carriage seats 10 Migration is a perilous seasonal journey undertake undertaken by many bird species Fill in the gaps of the following sentences with suitable particles or prepositions His heart attack was brought about by too much stress at work We don’t quite like the new employer’s approach He seems to lie down on the job Learning this long definition by heart seems to be an impossible task At the moment, I am up to my ears in work, so I can't go out with you The government’s plans to reduce crime came in for a lot of criticism from freedom groups I was under the impression that you like Indian food Mr Horrid was a terrible teacher and obviously not cut out for teaching The farmhouse we stayed in was completely off the beaten track The teacher was deaf to Nick's explanation of why he hadn't done his homework 10 Although Mrs Parker was bitterly jealous of her friends’ higher wage in the company, she managed to avoid making sharp comments Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap People’s personalities vary considerably from one another as there are no two alike Our ingrained characters which (1) the patterns of our behavior, our reactions and temperaments are unparalleled on (2) of the diversified processes that mould our personality in the earliest (3) of human development Some traits of character may to some (4) _ be hereditary simulating the attributes that identify our parents Others may (5) _ from the conditions experienced during pregnancy and infancy in this way reflecting the parents’ approach towards (6) _ their offspring Consequently, the environmental factor (7) _ a crucial role in strengthening of eliminating certain behavioral systems making an individual more prone to comfort to the patterns that (8) a prize Undoubtedly, human personality (9) the most profound and irreversible formation during the first period of its development, yet, certain characteristics may still be (10) to considerable changes conditioned by different circumstances and situations A denote B resolve C inflict D determine A account B means C token D event A states B instants C stages D terms A scope B area C extent D length A stem B relate C rise D formulate A breeding B rearing C growing D yielding A makes B does C finds D plays A yearn B deserve C wish D necessitate A under acts B undertakes C undergoes D underlies 10 A practicable B feasible C subject D potential Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap What is the difference between creative thinking and logical thinking? In creative thinking, we try to (1) come up with as many ideas as (2) possible We call this brainstorming We keep (3) an open mind about the ideas for the time being, (4) whether the ideas are practical or not No idea is considered ridiculous because (5) even the most outlandish idea may work This way we have a (6) choice of several possible solutions In logical thinking, we are looking for (7) the right answer (8) Once we find a working solution, we stop looking for alternatives, without realizing that there could be better solutions Most problems have more than one possible solution Creative thinking (9) enables us to choose the best of them Creative thinking and logical thinking don't oppose (10) each other but they complement each other in fact Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the passage Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller Not geographically, of course, but in the sense that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world’s citizens to view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world views (1) In this melting pot that the world has become, today’s child is privy to facets of the human experience that his immediate predecessors had no inkling even existed It stands to reason that in order to absorb, configure and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet, children must be supplied with certain tools Included in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills, cultural awareness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the latter Until recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have been considered a very rare entity This one-language phenomenon could be attributed to a combination of factors Firstly, the monolingual environment in which a child was raised played a strong role, as did the limited, biased education of the past With regard to immigrants, the sad fact was that non-native parents tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue so that the child would acquire the ‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country (2) Nowadays, the situation has undergone an almost complete reversal In the majority of North American and European countries, most children are given the opportunity to learn a second or even a third language Children acquire these foreign languages through various and diverse means In many countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject in the state school curriculum Other children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve their goal In other instances, children are born to bilingual parents, who, if they so desire, may teach the children two languages Bringing up one’s child bilingually is not a decision to be taken lightly Both parents must consider long and hard the implications involved in raising a child in a two-language home This decision is one of those all-important choices which will affect not only the parents’ lives but also the life of the child Raising a child bilingually has a two-fold effect Firstly, of course, the child learns the two languages of the parents Secondly, the parents’ decision will influence factors which will have a far-reaching effect on the child’s life Some of these factors include: style and place of education; diameter of social circle; employment potential and preference; and, most importantly, the way in which the child views himself and his global environment One of the more advantageous by-products of being a member of a bilingual family is the inherent awareness of two different cultures This bicultural child inherits a wealth of knowledge brought about by an exposure to: historical backgrounds; traditional songs and folklore; rituals of marriage; models of social interaction; and therefore, two varying interpretations of the world The monolingual child seems to be at a disadvantage in comparison to the bilingual child, who has a set of languages and an accompanying set of abstract cultural ideas Practically speaking, when a child comes from a two-language family, he must be taught both languages in order to communicate with the extended family members When, for example, the grandparents speak a language which differs from that of the child’s locale, a monolingual child would be deprived of the interaction which occurs between grandparents and grandchildren On the other hand, a bilingual child will not only be able to speak to grandparents, but will also comprehend where these people have ‘come from’ There will be a shared cultural empathy within the family Because all family members can communicate, on both a verbal and cultural level, no one will feel excluded and the child will develop a sense of rootedness On a more abstract level, it has been said that a bilingual child thinks differently from a monolingual child Current research in linguistics indicates that there may be a strong correlation between bilingualism and cognitive skills This new research concerns itself with the fact that a bilingual child has two lexical structures for any given physical or abstract entity This leads logically to the assumption that the child also has two associations for many words, as a word can mean different things in different languages For example, the word ‘fire’ in many western hemisphere languages connotes warmth and relaxation In the Inuit language however, where fire is a necessity of life, it may connote heat and survival For the bilingual child, then, vocabulary items and the abstract idea behind them are both dual in nature and more elastic Researchers maintain that this elasticity of ideas may allow the child to think more flexibly and, therefore, more creatively In the author’s view, the world is becoming a _ A more culturally diverse place B place where only privileged children will prosper C less complex place to live in D much more integrated place According to the first paragraph, which of the following was true of immigrants? A Children were reluctant to use their mother tongue B The mother tongue was considered less important C Parents encouraged children to use their mother tongue D Most parents made it a priority for children to grow up bilingual The phrase “privy to” in paragraph mostly means _ A acquainted with B advised of C apprised of D in the know about The phrase “attributed to” in paragraph mostly means _ A ascribed to B associated with C connected with D held responsible for According to the writer, second or foreign language learning is something _ A people are still apathetic towards B mainly associated with private sector education C that few people take seriously D about which general attitudes have evolved considerably According to the article, the decision to raise bilingual children is difficult because A it may limit the child’s choice of friends B though simple for parents, it can impact negatively on children C it may cause children to lose their sense of identity D it needs to be considered from many different angles With regard to the extended family in immigrant situations, the writer feels it is important that _ A adults try to understand the child’s difficult cultural situation B children are not pressured to speak their parents’ native language C adults recognize the child’s need to identify more with local culture D children can relate to all aspects of their parents’ native culture The word “by-products” in paragraph mostly means _ A entailments B knock-on effects C side effects D spin-offs The word “connotes” in paragraph mostly means _ A underpins B implies C signifies D smacks of 10 According to current research, the benefit of learning two languages is that _ A different types of knowledge can be accessed in different languages B bilinguals become more aware the origin of words in languages C it helps to develop different capabilities of the mind D bilinguals develop a greater sense of the value of culture Read the following passage and choose the most suitable from A to G on the list and write it in each gap from to STAYING HEALTHY IN SPACE The range of foods available to astronauts is vast, and great care is taken to ensure that it looks and smells appetizing Meals are organized to provide an average of 3,000 calories a day, which seems high for living in an enclosed environment in which there is no gravity But astronauts can expend a great deal of energy in doing the simplest things For example, if they try to turn a handle, they turn themselves as well If they bend down to up a shoelace, (1) E Finding unusual ways of doing such ordinary things uses up the excess calories The space diet is balanced rather differently from a terrestrial diet This is to try and compensate for changes that take place in the body during space flight Bodily changes begin as soon as astronauts go into space (2) D Among the most serious is calcium loss, which causes a marked reduction in the mass and strength of bones There is also a progressive loss of red blood cells What causes these effects is not known, (3) G The heart muscles, with no gravity to battle against, start to waste away The leg muscles start to waste away too, since walking, as done on Earth, (4) A Exercise also helps to reduce muscle wastage (5) F No one yet knows the limit of human endurance in space If astronauts can withstand two years or more of continuous weightlessness, the mankind’s dream of visiting other planets could become reality in the early decades of the next century A can only be done if astronauts put on their heavy spacesuits B and will never be known C which is rather more than astronauts really need D and are quite noticeable after even a week E they start turning somersaults F and is vital on very long flights G and the question must be answered before long-duration space-flight is really safe Read the passage and the tasks that follow The US City and the Natural Environment A While cities and their metropolitan areas have always interacted with and shaped the natural environment, it is only recently that historians have begun to consider this relationship During our own time, the tension between natural and urbanized areas has increased, as the spread of metropolitan populations and urban land uses has reshaped and destroyed natural landscapes and environments B The relationship between the city and the natural environment has actually been circular, with cities having massive effects on the natural environment, while the natural environment, in turn, has profoundly shaped urban configurations Urban history is filled with stories about how city dwellers contended with the forces of nature that threatened their lives Nature not only caused many of the annoyances of daily urban life, such as bad weather and pests, but it also gave rise to natural disasters and catastrophes such as floods, fires, and earthquakes In order to protect themselves and their settlements against the forces of nature, cities built many defenses including flood walls and dams, earthquake-resistant buildings, and storage places for food and water At times, such protective steps sheltered urbanites against the worst natural furies, but often their own actions – such as building under the shadow of volcanoes, or in earthquake-prone zones – exposed them to danger from natural hazards C City populations require food, water, fuel, and construction materials, while urban industries need natural materials for production purposes In order to fulfill these needs, urbanites increasingly had to reach far beyond their boundaries In the nineteenth century, for instance, the demands of city dwellers for food produced rings of garden farms around cities In the twentieth century, as urban populations increased, the demand for food drove the rise of large factory farms Cities also require fresh water supplies in order to exist – engineers built waterworks, dug wells deeper and deeper into the earth looking for groundwater, and dammed and diverted rivers to obtain water supplies for domestic and industrial uses In the process of obtaining water from distant locales, cities often transformed them, making deserts where there had been fertile agricultural areas D Urbanites had to seek locations to dispose of the wastes they produced Initially, they placed wastes on sites within the city, polluting the air, land, and water with industrial and domestic effluents As cities grew larger, they disposed of their wastes by transporting them to more distant locations Thus, cities constructed sewerage systems for domestic wastes They usually discharged the sewage into neighboring waterways, often polluting the water supply of downstream cities The air and the land also became dumps for waste disposal In the late nineteenth century, coal became the preferred fuel for industrial, transportation, and domestic use But while providing an inexpensive and plentiful energy supply, coal was also very dirty The cities that used it suffered from air contamination and reduced sunlight, while the cleaning tasks of householders were greatly increased E In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reformers began demanding urban environmental cleanups and public health improvements Women's groups often took the lead in agitating for clean air and clean water, showing a greater concern than men in regard to quality of life and health-related issues The replacement of the horse, first by electric trolleys and then by the car, brought about substantial improvements in street and air sanitation The movements demanding clean air, however, and reduction of waterway pollution were largely unsuccessful On balance, urban sanitary conditions were probably somewhat better in the 1920s than in the late nineteenth century, but the cost of improvement often was the exploitation of urban hinterlands for water supplies, increased downstream water pollution, and growing automobile congestion and pollution F In the decades after the 1940s, city environments suffered from heavy pollution as they sought to cope with increased automobile usage, pollution from industrial production, new varieties of chemical pesticides and the wastes of an increasingly consumer-oriented economy Cleaner fuels and smoke control laws largely freed cities during the 1940s and 1950s of the dense smoke that they had previously suffered from Improved urban air quality resulted largely from the substitution of natural gas and oil for coal and the replacement of the steam locomotive by the diesel-electric However, great increases in automobile usage in some larger cities produced the new phenomenon of smog, and air pollution replaced smoke as a major concern G During these decades, the suburban out-migration, which had begun in the nineteenth century with commuter trains and streetcars and accelerated because of the availability and convenience of the automobile, now increased to a torrent, putting major strains on the formerly rural and undeveloped metropolitan fringes To a great extent, suburban layouts ignored environmental considerations, making little provision for open space, producing endless rows of resource-consuming and fertilizer-dependent lawns, contaminating groundwater through leaking septic tanks, and absorbing excessive amounts of fresh water and energy The growth of the outer city since the 1970s reflected a continued preference on the part of many people in the western world for space-intensive single-family houses surrounded by lawns, for private automobiles over public transit, and for the development of previously untouched areas Without better planning for land use and environmental protection, urban life will, as it has in the past, continue to damage and stress the natural environment Questions 1-7 (7pts) The passage has seven sections, A-G Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below Write the correct number, i-x, in 1-7 Three of the headings not fit List of headings i Legislation brings temporary improvements ii The increasing speed of suburban development iii A new area of academic interest iv The impact of environmental extremes on city planning v The first campaigns for environmental change vi Building cities in earthquake zones vii The effect of global warming on cities viii Adapting areas surrounding cities to provide resources ix Removing the unwanted by-products of city life x Providing health information for city dwellers 1) Paragraph A iii 2) Paragraph B iv 3) Paragraph C viii 4) Paragraph D ix 5) Paragraph E v 6) Paragraph F i 7) Paragraph G ii WRITING 11 He really upset everyone when he told them his secret PIGEONS - He really put the cat among the pigeons (nói, làm khiến việc thêm rắc rối, người khác thêm lo lắng) when he told them his secret 12 Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed LEAF - You will have to turn over a new leaf if you want to succeed 13 You may think you are talented but horses will always show you are not PEG - No matter how talented you may think you are, horses will always bring you down a peg or two (giảm bớt tầ m quan tro ̣ng của mô ̣t người) 14 I avoided mentioning Jack’s demotion as I realized that it might upset him SLEEPING - Realizing that mentioning Jack’s demotion might upset him, I let the sleeping dogs lie 15 Susan is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge MATCH - When it comes to technical knowledge, I’m not match for Susan 16 It is important that we have to get the team to comply with the rules LINE - It is of importance that we have to get the team to toe the line 17 Winning the prize has made him very conceited HEAD - Winning the prize has gone to his head 18 Prompt action from the police helped to reduce the number of people killed and injured in the fighting SUFFERED - Were it not to have been for prompt action from the police, the fighting would have suffered heavy casualties 19 His efforts to find a solution didn’t deserve such a savage criticism - He should not have been savagely criticized for his efforts to find a solution 20 He did not succeed in reaching the top of the highest mountain in this area - In vain did he reach the top of the highest mountain in this area ... nasal passages with membrances to cool their skin surfaces NOSE 14 Premature disclosure of the test sites might lead to validation of the experiment VALID 15 He became irresolute in his opposition