Test 4.Pdf

Ex 1 Part 1 Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences 1 Employees who have a are encouraged to discuss it with the management A hindrance B disturbance C disadvantage D g[.]

Ex Part 1: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences Employees who have a _are encouraged to discuss it with the management A hindrance B disturbance C disadvantage D grievance This travel guide is very useful, but it does not _to cover every aspect of the country A claim B announce C state D expect It’s the Prime Minister’s right to _an election at any time he likes A summon B nominate C call D submit his advice, I would never have got the job A Except B Apart from C But for D As for The unscrupulous salesman _ the old couple out of their life savings A deprived B swindled C robbed D extracted I heard the sound of the blind man _ with his stick A creaking B ticking C pattering D tapping I can’t write that kind of letter unless I’m in the right of mind A frame B way C set D turn The Health Minister was _ in a private hospital last week A operated B admitted C cared D treated Can you _the BBC World Service on your new radio? A put on B take in C get at D pick up 10 Speed limits on the road _ to protect pedestrians as well as motorists A serve B prove C succeed D intend 11 Tax _deprives the state of several million pounds a year A retention B dissertation C escapism D evasion 12 A few political extremists _the crowd to attack the police A animated B agitated C incited D stirred 13 Mr Jones wants twenty copies of this letter off on the photocopier A put B run C taken D turned 14 What you say is true, but you could have it more tactfully A talked B phrased C observed D remarked 15 For the experiments to succeed, the measurements must be accurate to five centimeters A about B under C within D exactly 16 The situation was _ complicated by John’s indecision A more B extra C further D altogether 17 A few hours after the injection the feeling of numbness in your arm will _ A wear off B fade out C drop away D fall through 18 You needn’t treat us to anything, we won’t stay long for it’s only a _ visit A minute B flying C small D speedy 19 I could see the tip of his cigarette in the darkness A glowing B sparkling C gleaming D glinting 20 A managing director cannot expect to have much time to to purely personal matters A reserve B devote C concentrate D spare Ex Part 2: The passage below contains 10 errors Underline the errors and write the correction in the corresponding numbered boxes “12 Years a Slave” isn’t the first movie about slave in the United States, but it may be the one that finally makes it possible for American cinema to continue to sell the ugly lies it’s been hawking for more than a century Written by John Ridley and direct by Steve McQueen, it tells the true story of Solomon Northup, an African-American freeman who, in 1841, was snatched of the streets of Washington, and sold It’s at once a familiar, utterly strange and deeply American story in which the period trappings long beloved by Hollywood - the paternalistic gentry with their pretty plants, their genteel manners and all the fiddle-dee-dee rest - are the backdrop for an outrage The story opens with Solomon (Chiwetel Ejiofor) already slaved and cutting sugar cane on a plantation A series of flashbacks shifts the story to an earlier time, when Solomon, live in New York with his wife and children, accepts a job from a pair of white men to play the violin in a circus Soon the three are enjoying a civilize night out in Washington, sealing their camaraderie with heaping plates of food, flowing wine and the unstated conviction - if only on Solomon’s part of a shared humanity, a fiction that evaporates when he wakes the next morning shackled and discovers that he’s been sold Thereafter, he is passed between master to master It’s a desperate path and a story that seizes you almost immediately with a visceral force But Mr McQueen keeps everything moving so fluidly and efficiently that you’re too busy worry about Solomon, following him as he travels from auction house to plantation, to linger long in the emotions and ideas that the movie churns up Ex Part 3: Fill in each space in the following sentences with a suitable preposition The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd LOOKED We all felt so tired after the first hour of walking but our guide told us we had to PUSH if we wanted to make the inn by nightfall While the office computer system was being fixed, there was nothing to so we just SAT If you don't know what that word means Jenkins, LOOK it in the dictionary! I can't understand what you are talking about with this design Can we GO it again? I am COUNTING Julie to arrive with the stereo Otherwise, we won't have any music for the party! Stop slouching in the chair like that SIT !! Many athletes use steroids to BUILD themselves I would like to POINT _ that there is a piece missing in this model Hadn't you seen it? 10 I don't like these types of rough games I think I'll SIT this one if you don't mind Ex Part 4: Give the correct form of the words in capitals I found her last book of poetry very MOVE In formal writing, it is unusual to make use of the mark to express surprise EXCLAIM The Chairman expressed doubts about the of showing the film on children’s television SUIT Doris Carter, who is 107 today, puts her down to having a loving family and seven cups of tea a day LONG Please keep e-mails short makes everyone’s lives easier BRIEF No date has yet been set for the of applications (SUBMIT) Both poets drew their from the countryside (INSPIRE) At the back of the programme, there is a list of to the treated appeal (CONTRIBUTE) has caused many so-called man-made disasters (FOREST) 10 You can never be sure what he is going to He is so (PREDICT) EX Part 5: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the corresponding numbered boxes BLOGGING AND THE MEDIA The growing number of weblogs - or blogs, as they are affectionately known - on the internet has become a cause for concern among mainstream media organizations Within a few years, blogs have developed from personal musing on (1 DAY) events to fullblown critical commentaries which are often well-informed and (2 ELOQUENCE) expressed With an estimated fifty-two million bloggers writing on almost every (3 CONCEIVE) subjects each day, cooperate media can no longer ignore them or treat them with (4 RESPECT) The ubiquity of blogs means that they are increasingly (5 INFLUENCE) as can be seen in the number of news stories that have been (6 CREDIT) or called into question by bloggers in recent years For bloggers have a freedom unavailable to mainstream journalists They bypass both editor and publisher, who by their presence (7 INEVITABLE) distort stories by “tailoring” them to suit their own ends The material on blogs is raw, (8 MODIFY) by editors, and often harsh and direct in its criticism of the way news is reported by the media The advantages of this for the reading public are obvious Bloggers act as a kind of media watchdog, able to check facts and verify or (9 PROOF) information in a way that journalists are often unable to, and this is shaking mainstream media out of its (10 COMPLACENT) Ex Part 6: Choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase to fill in the blank in the following passage SMILE POWER The expression on your face can actually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that (1) _ smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses The idea was first (2) _ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906 He believed that different facial (3) affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings A happy smile or irrepressible (4) _ increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings However, sad, angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (5) _ of gloom and depression by effectively (6) _ the brain of essential fuel Psychologist Robert Zajonc rediscovered this early (7) _, and (8) that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters — which definitely influence our moods and energy levels He argues that an impaired blood flow could not (9) deprive the brain of oxygen, but create further chemical imbalance (10) inhibiting these vital hormonal messages Zajonc goes on to propose that our brains remember that smiling is associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (11) _ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters — replacing a depressed condition (12) a happier one People suffering from psychosomatic (13) _, depression and anxiety states could (14) _ from simply exercising their zygomatic- (15) _ which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile — several times an hour A desperately B determinedly C deliberately D decidedly A put off B put down C put by D put forward A aspects B looks C expressions D appearances A laughter B sadness C humour D depression A cycle B spiral C circle D vortex A cutting B starving C removing D eliminating A result B subject C research D experiment A advises B wants C demands D suggests A even B only C ever D always 10 A by B without C when D from 11 A make B persuade C let D decide 12 A through B by C after D with 13 A disease B illness C infection D ailment 14 A recover B improve C benefit D progress 15 A muscles B nerves C veins D bones Ex Part 7: Read the text below and think of the word best fits each gap Use only ONE word in each gap Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes LOOKING INTO SPACE Outer space has intrigued mankind ever since we first gazed upward It was easy enough to see stars in the night sky with the (1) eye and many early civilizations also noticed that certain groups appeared to form familiar shapes They used these constellations to help with navigation and as a (2) of predicting the seasons and making calendars Ancient astronomers also perceived points of light (3) moved They believed they were wandering stars and the word ‘planet’ (4) from the Greek word for ‘wanderer’ For much of human history, it was also believed that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and that the planets circled the Earth, and that falling meteorites (5) solar eclipses were omens of disaster It wasn’t (6) the 16th century that Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus presented a mathematical model of (7) the sun actually moved around the Earth, challenging the prevailing understanding of how the solar (8) worked The Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei then used a telescope to (9) this theory to be correct Many (10) advances have allowed us to probe into space since then, and one of the most pioneering was when the first manned spacecraft, the Apollo 11, successfully (11) through gravity and touched down on the moon’s surface Nevertheless, much of our research must be done from (12) greater distances The Hubble Space Telescope was carried into orbit by a space shuttle in April 1990 and it has (13) cosmologists to gather incredible data Most significantly, it has provided a great deal of evidence to (14) the Big Bang theory, that is, the idea that the Universe originated as a hot, dense state at a certain time in the (15) and has continued to expand since then Ex Part 8: Read the passage and answer the following questions Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of the Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods In both areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding and grinding nuts and other plant foods that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder; and squash or gourds of some kind These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the Midwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago and domestication beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago Although the term “Neolithic” is not used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period elsewhere in the world Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of the continent Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there is little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticated foods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants, increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather than for food One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were all weedy species that well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and dig holes It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost domesticated themselves, that is, they thrived in human – disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution Women in the Archaic communities were probably the main experimenters with cultivation, because ethno archaeological evidence tells us that women were the main collectors of plant food and had detailed knowledge of plants The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of the life of Archaic peoples? A The principal sources of food that made up their diet B Their development of ground stone tool technology C Their development of agriculture D Their distribution of work between men and women The word “these” refers to A seeds B river valleys C the Midwest and the Southeast D experimentation and domestication According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America? A 7,000 years ago B 4,000 to 2,000 years ago C Long after the Neolithic period D Before the Archaic period The word “adequate” is closest in meaning to A sufficient B healthful C varied D dependable According to the passage, which of the following was a possible motive for the cultivation of plants in eastern North America? A Lack of enough wild food sources B The need to keep trees from growing close to settlements C Provision of work for an increasing population D Desire for the consistent availability of food The phrase “rather than” is closest in meaning to A in addition to B instead of C as a replacement D such as The plant “sumpweed” is mentioned the last paragraph in order to A contrast a plant with high nutritional value with one with little nutritional value B explain the medicinal use of a plant C clarify which plants grew better in places where trees were not cut down D provide an example of a plant that was easy to domesticate The word “thrived” is closest in meaning to A stayed B originated C grew well D died out According to the passage, which of the following is true about all early domesticated plants? A They were varieties of weeds B They were moved from disturbed areas C They succeeded in areas with many trees D They failed to grow in trampled or damaged areas 10 According to the passage, it is thought that most of the people who began cultivating plants were A medical workers B leaders of ceremonies C women D hunters Ex Part 9: Read the following extract and answer the questions From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph in the passage and choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage to complete the sentences Choose the correct heading for paragraph B-G from the list of headings below i No single definition of intelligence ii Faulty setting, wrong conclusion iii Welsh research supports IQ testing iv Beware: inadequate of testing intelligence v International research support bilingualism vi Current thought on the advantage bilinguals have vii Early beliefs regarding bilingualism viii Monolinguals ahead of their bilingual peers ix Example Exemplifying the bilingual advantage Paragraph A vii Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G A One misguided legacy over a hundred years of writing on bilingualism is that children's intelligence will suffer if they are bilingual Some of the earliest research into bilingualism examined whether bilingual children were ahead of monolingual children on IQ tests From the 1920s to the 1960s, the tendency was to find monolingual children ahead of bilinguals on IQ tests The conclusion was that bilingual children were mentally confused Having two languages in the brain, it was said, disrupted effective thinking It was argued that having one welldeveloped language was superior to having two half-developed languages B The idea that the bilinguals may have a lower IQ still exists among many people, particularly monolinguals However, we now know that this early research was misconceived and incorrect First, such research often gave bilinguals an IQ test in their weaker language – usually English Had bilinguals tested in Welsh or Spanish or Hebrew, a different result may have been found The testing of bilinguals was thus unfair Second, like was not compared with like Bilinguals tend to come from, for example, impoverished New York or rural Welsh backgrounds The monolinguals tend to come from more middle class, urban families Working class bilinguals were often compared with middle class monolinguals So the results were more likely to be due to social class differences than language differences The comparison of monolinguals and bilinguals was unfair C The most recent research from Canada, the United States and Wales suggests that bilinguals are, at least, equal to monolinguals on IQ tests When bilinguals have two welldeveloped languages (in the research literature called balanced bilinguals), bilinguals tend to show a slight superiority in IQ tests compared with monolinguals This is the received psychological wisdom of the moment and is good news for raising bilingual children Take, for example, a child who can operate in either language in the curriculum in the school That child is likely to be ahead on IQ tests compared with similar monolinguals (same gender, social class, and age) Far from making people mentally confused, bilingualism is now associated with a mild degree of intellectual superiority D One note of caution needs to be sounded IQ tests probably not measure intelligence IQ tests measure a small sample of the broadest concept of intelligence IQ tests are simply paper and pencil tests where only "right and wrong" answers are allowed Is all intelligence included in such right and wrong, pencil and paper tests? Isn't there a wider variety of intelligences that are important in everyday functioning and everyday life E Many questions need answering Do we only define an intelligent person as somebody who obtains a high score on an IQ tests Are the only intelligent people those who belong to high IQ organizations such as MENSA? Is there social intelligence, musical intelligence, military intelligence, marketing intelligence, motoring intelligence, political intelligence? Are all, or indeed any, of these forms of intelligence measured by a simple pencil and paper IQ test which demands a single, acceptable, correct solution to each question? Defining what constitutes intelligent behavior requires a personal value judgement as to what type of behavior, and what kind of person is of more worth Part 1: Use the word given in the brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence Do NOT change the word form of the given word There is an example at the beginning (0) We are able to afford a holiday, because I was promoted RESULT As a result of my promotion, we are able to afford a holiday David played the main role when the proposal was drafted (INSTRUMENTAL) The house shouldn’t be left unlocked for any reason (ACCOUNT) She did very well on her final exams (COLORS) His name does not sound familiar to me at all (BELL) Recent research has changed theories about the causes of bird flu (LIGHT) She’s not very good at arranging flowers (FLAIR) She _ arranging flowers If you remember, I was the one who started this project in 1995 (CAST) If _ I was the one who started this project in 1995 He protested that he had always kept his promises to me (GONE) He protested that to me Accepting retirement is often difficult (TERMS) It is often retirement 10 Dawn’s boss is constantly criticizing her work (FAULT) Dawn’s boss her work ĐÁP ÁN: Ex Part 1: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences Employees who have a _are encouraged to discuss it with the management A hindrance B disturbance C disadvantage D grievance  Những nhân viên có phàn nàn cơng việc khuyến khích trao đổi với ban giám đốc This travel guide is very useful, but it does not _to cover every aspect of the country A claim B announce C state D expect  Quyển hướng dẫn du lịch hữu ích, khơng thể đảm bảo bao qt tồn khía cạnh đất nước It’s the Prime Minister’s right to _an election at any time he likes A summon B nominate C call D submit  Là quyền Thủ Tướng để kêu gọi thực bầu cử lúc ông muốn * summon: gọi đến, triệu tập; nominate: đề cử his advice, I would never have got the job A Except B Apart from C But for D As for  Nếu khơng lời khuyên anh ấy, không nhận công việc The unscrupulous salesman _ the old couple out of their life savings A deprived B swindled C robbed D extracted  Tay bán hàng vô lương tâm lừa gạt ông bà già lấy số tiền tiết kiệm họ * deprive: cướp đoạt; extract: bòn rút I heard the sound of the blind man _ with his stick A creaking B ticking C pattering D tapping  Tôi nghe thấy tiếng gậy người mù kêu lộc cộc * pattering: tiếng lộp độp (mưa rơi) I can’t write that kind of letter unless I’m in the right of mind A frame B way C set D turn  Tôi viết kiểu thư trừ tơi có tâm trạng tốt The Health Minister was _ in a private hospital last week A operated B admitted C cared D treated  Bộ trưởng y tế điều trị bệnh viện tư nhân vào tuần trước Can you _the BBC World Service on your new radio? A put on B take in C get at D pick up  Bạn bắt sóng BBC đài radio bạn không? 10 Speed limits on the road _ to protect pedestrians as well as motorists A serve B prove C succeed D intend  Giới hạn tốc độ đường nhằm bảo vệ người người lái xe ô tô 11 Tax _deprives the state of several million pounds a year A retention B dissertation C escapism D evasion  Sự trốn thuế lấy nhà nước vài triệu bảng năm * retention: giữ lại; dissertation: luận văn 12 A few political extremists _the crowd to attack the police A animated B agitated C incited D stirred  Một số phần tử cực đoan trị kích động đám đông công cảnh sát * agitate: làm tức giận, tranh luận gay gắt; stir: kích thích, lay động 13 Mr Jones wants twenty copies of this letter off on the photocopier A put B run C taken D turned  Run off: chép 14 What you say is true, but you could have it more tactfully A talked B phrased C observed D remarked  Những bạn nói đúng, bạn diễn đạt khéo léo 15 For the experiments to succeed, the measurements must be accurate to five centimeters A about B under C within D exactly  Within centimeters: không năm mét 16 The situation was _ complicated by John’s indecision (sự thiếu quyết) A more B extra C further D altogether 17 A few hours after the injection the feeling of numbness in your arm will _ A wear off B fade out C drop away D fall through  Một vài sau tiêm, cảm giác tê cánh tay bạn giảm * fade out: phai màu; drop away: thả đi; fall through: thất bại 18 You needn’t treat us to anything, we won’t stay long for it’s only a _ visit A minute B flying C small D speedy  a flying visit: viếng thăm thời gian ngắn 19 I could see the tip of his cigarette in the darkness A glowing B sparkling C gleaming D glinting  glowing: rực sáng, bừng sáng; sparkling: phát tia lửa, tia điện; gleaming: chiếu tia sáng yếu ớt; glinting: lóe sáng 20 A managing director cannot expect to have much time to to purely personal matters A reserve B devote C concentrate D spare Ex Part 2: The passage below contains 10 errors Underline the errors and write the correction in the corresponding numbered boxes “12 Years a Slave” isn’t the first movie about slave  slavery in the United States, but it may be the one that finally makes it possible  impossible for American cinema to continue to sell the ugly lies it’s been hawking for more than a century Written by John Ridley and direct  directed by Steve McQueen, it tells the true story of Solomon Northup, an African-American freeman who, in 1841, was snatched of  off the streets of Washington, and sold It’s at once a familiar, utterly strange and deeply American story in which the period trappings long beloved by Hollywood - the paternalistic gentry with their pretty plants  plantations, their genteel manners and all the fiddle-dee-dee rest - are the backdrop for an outrage The story opens with Solomon (Chiwetel Ejiofor) already slaved  enslaved and cutting sugar cane on a plantation A series of flashbacks shifts the story to an earlier time, when Solomon, live  living in New York with his wife and children, accepts a job from a pair of white men to play the violin in a circus Soon the three are enjoying a civilize  civilized night out in Washington, sealing their camaraderie with heaping plates of food, flowing wine and the unstated conviction - if only on Solomon’s part of a shared humanity, a fiction that evaporates when he wakes the next morning shackled and discovers that he’s been sold Thereafter, he is passed between  from master to master It’s a desperate path and a story that seizes you almost immediately with a visceral force But Mr McQueen keeps everything moving so fluidly and efficiently that you’re too busy worry  worrying about Solomon, following him as he travels from auction house to plantation, to linger long in the emotions and ideas that the movie churns up Ex Part 3: Fill in each space in the following sentences with a suitable preposition 10 The firefighters fought the blaze while the crowd LOOKED on  Những người lính cứu hỏa chiến đấu với lửa đám đông theo dõi 11 We all felt so tired after the first hour of walking but our guide told us we had to PUSH on if we wanted to make the inn by nightfall  Tất cảm thấy mệt mỏi sau hướng dẫn viên nói với chúng tơi chúng tơi phải tiếp tục muốn đến nhà trọ trước đêm xuống 12 While the office computer system was being fixed, there was nothing to so we just SAT about  Trong hệ thống máy tính văn phịng sửa, khơng có phải làm nên chúng tơi ngồi không 13 If you don't know what that word means Jenkins, LOOK it up in the dictionary!  Nếu bạn khơng biết từ nghĩa Jenkins, tra từ điển đi! 14 I can't understand what you are talking about with this design Can we GO over it again?  Tơi khơng hiểu bạn nói với thiết kế Chúng ta nói lại khơng? 15 I am COUNTING on Julie to arrive with the stereo Otherwise, we won't have any music for the party!  Tôi đợi Julie đến với máy thu phát Nếu không, nhạc cho bữa tiệc 16 Stop slouching in the chair like that SIT up!!  Đừng ngồi ghế Đứng dậy đi!! 17 Many athletes use steroids to BUILD themselves up  Nhiều vận động viên dùng steroid để phát triển thể 18 I would like to POINT out that there is a piece missing in this model Hadn't you seen it?  Tôi muốn có mảnh thiếu mơ hình Bạn có thấy khơng? 10 I don't like these types of rough games I think I'll SIT this one out if you don't mind  Tôi không thích kiểu trị chơi thơ bạo Tơi nghĩ tơi không tham gia bạn không phiền Ex Part 4: Give the correct form of the words in capitals I found her last book of poetry very moving (cảm động) MOVE In formal writing, it is unusual to make use of the exclamation mark (dấu chấm than) to express surprise EXCLAIM The Chairman expressed doubts about the suitability of showing the film on children’s television SUIT Doris Carter, who is 107 today, puts her longevity (sự trường thọ) down to having a loving family and seven cups of tea a day LONG Please keep e-mails short breviy (sự ngắn gọn) makes everyone’s lives easier BRIEF 11 No date has yet been set for the submission of applications (SUBMIT) 12 Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside (INSPIRE) 13 At the back of the programme, there is a list of contribution to the treated appeal (CONTRIBUTE) 14 Deforestation has caused many so-called man-made disasters (FOREST) 15 You can never be sure what he is going to He is so unpredictable (PREDICT) EX Part 5: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the corresponding numbered boxes BLOGGING AND THE MEDIA The growing number of weblogs - or blogs, as they are affectionately known - on the internet has become a cause for concern among mainstream media organizations Within a few years, blogs have developed from personal musing on daily (1 DAY) events to full-blown critical commentaries which are often well-informed and eloquently (2 ELOQUENCE) expressed With an estimated fifty-two million bloggers writing on almost every conceivable (3 CONCEIVE) subjects each day, cooperate media can no longer ignore them or treat them with disrespect (4 RESPECT) The ubiquity of blogs means that they are increasingly influential (5 INFLUENCE) as can be seen in the number of news stories that have been discredited (6 CREDIT) or called into question by bloggers in recent years For bloggers have a freedom unavailable to mainstream journalists They bypass both editor and publisher, who by their presence inevitably (7 INEVITABLE) distort stories by “tailoring” them to suit their own ends The material on blogs is raw, unmodified (8 MODIFY) by editors, and often harsh and direct in its criticism of the way news is reported by the media The advantages of this for the reading public are obvious Bloggers act as a kind of media watchdog, able to check facts and verify or disprove (9 PROOF) information in a way that journalists are often unable to, and this is shaking mainstream media out of its complacence (10 COMPLACENT) Ex Part 6: Choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase to fill in the blank in the following passage SMILE POWER The expression on your face can actually dramatically alter your feelings and perceptions, and it has been proved that (1) _ smiling or frowning can create corresponding emotional responses The idea was first (2) _ by a French physiologist, Israel Waynbaum, in 1906 He believed that different facial (3) affected the flow of blood to the brain, and that this could create positive or negative feelings A happy smile or irrepressible (4) _ increased the blood flow and contributed to joyful feelings However, sad, angry expressions decreased the flow of oxygen-carrying blood, and created a vicious (5) _ of gloom and depression by effectively (6) _ the brain of essential fuel Psychologist Robert Zajonc rediscovered this early (7) _, and (8) that the temperature of the brain could affect the production and synthesis of neurotransmitters — which definitely influence our moods and energy levels He argues that an impaired blood flow could not (9) deprive the brain of oxygen, but create further chemical imbalance (10) inhibiting these vital hormonal messages Zajonc goes on to propose that our brains remember that smiling is associated with being happy, and that by deliberately smiling through your tears you can (11) _ your brain to release uplifting neurotransmitters — replacing a depressed condition (12) a happier one People suffering from psychosomatic (13) _, depression and anxiety states could (14) _ from simply exercising their zygomatic- (15) _ which pull the corners of the mouth up and back to form a smile — several times an hour A desperately B determinedly C deliberately D decidedly A put off B put down C put by D put forward A aspects B looks C expressions D appearances A laughter B sadness C humour D depression A cycle B spiral C circle D vortex A cutting B starving C removing D eliminating A result B subject C research D experiment A advises B wants C demands D suggests A even B only C ever D always 10 A by B without C when D from 11 A make B persuade C let D decide 12 A through B by C after D with 13 A disease B illness C infection D ailment 14 A recover B improve C benefit D progress 15 A muscles B nerves C veins D bones Ex Part 7: Read the text below and think of the word best fits each gap Use only ONE word in each gap Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes LOOKING INTO SPACE Outer space has intrigued mankind ever since we first gazed upward It was easy enough to see stars in the night sky with the (1) naked eye and many early civilizations also noticed that certain groups appeared to form familiar shapes They used these constellations to help with navigation and as a (2) means of predicting the seasons and making calendars Ancient astronomers also perceived points of light (3) that moved They believed they were wandering stars and the word ‘planet’ (4) derived from the Greek word for ‘wanderer’ For much of human history, it was also believed that the Earth was the centre of the Universe and that the planets circled the Earth, and that falling meteorites (5) and solar eclipses were omens of disaster It wasn’t (6) until the 16th century that Polish mathematician and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus presented a mathematical model of (7) how the sun actually moved around the Earth, challenging the prevailing understanding of how the solar (8) system worked The Italian physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei then used a telescope to (9) prove this theory to be correct Many (10) technological advances have allowed us to probe into space since then, and one of the most pioneering was when the first manned spacecraft, the Apollo 11, successfully (11) broke through gravity and touched down on the moon’s surface Nevertheless, much of our research must be done from (12) far greater distances The Hubble Space Telescope was carried into orbit by a space shuttle in April 1990 and it has (13) allowed cosmologists to gather incredible data Most significantly, it has provided a great deal of evidence to (14) support the Big Bang theory, that is, the idea that the Universe originated as a hot, dense state at a certain time in the (15) past and has continued to expand since then Ex Part 8: Read the passage and answer the following questions Both in what is now the eastern and the southwestern United States, the peoples of the Archaic era (8,000-1,000 B.C) were, in a way, already adapted to beginnings of cultivation through their intensive gathering and processing of wild plant foods In both areas, there was a well-established ground stone tool technology, a method of pounding and grinding nuts and other plant foods that could be adapted to newly cultivated foods By the end of the Archaic era, people in eastern North America had domesticated certain native plants, including sunflowers; weeds called goosefoot, sumpweed, or marsh elder; and squash or gourds of some kind (9) These provided seeds that were important sources of carbohydrates and fat in the diet The earliest cultivation seems to have taken place along the river valleys of the Midwest and the Southeast, with experimentation beginning as early as 7,000 years ago and domestication (2) beginning 4,000 to 2,000 years ago.(3) Although the term “Neolithic” is not used in North American prehistory, these were the first steps toward the same major subsistence changes that took place during the Neolithic (8,000-2,000 B.C.) period elsewhere in the world Archaeologists debate the reasons for beginning cultivation in the eastern part of the continent Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there is little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticated foods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants, increasing predictability of food supplies may have been a motive.(5) It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather than for food One archaeologist has pointed out that the early domesticated plants were all weedy species that well in open, disturbed habitats, the kind that would form around human settlements where people cut down trees, trample the ground, deposit trash, and dig holes It has been suggested that sunflower, sumpweed, and other plants almost domesticated themselves, that is , they thrived in human – disturbed habitats, so humans intensively collected them and began to control their distribution ... needs to be sounded IQ tests probably not measure intelligence IQ tests measure a small sample of the broadest concept of intelligence IQ tests are simply paper and pencil tests where only "right... often gave bilinguals an IQ test in their weaker language – usually English Had bilinguals tested in Welsh or Spanish or Hebrew, a different result may have been found The testing of bilinguals was... intelligence ii Faulty setting, wrong conclusion iii Welsh research supports IQ testing iv Beware: inadequate of testing intelligence v International research support bilingualism vi Current thought