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A Reported speech (statement) Tường thuật câu trần thuật (câu kể) (direct speech – trực tiếp) Paul said “I did this exercise yesterday ” Paul said (that) he had done that exercise the day before said.
A Reported speech (statement) - Tường thuật câu trần thuật (câu kể) (direct speech – trực tiếp) Paul said: “I did Paul said (that) he this exercise had done that exercise yesterday.” the day before said + to + O + (that) told + O + (that) (indirect speech – gián tiếp) CÁC BƯỚC TƯỜNG THUẬT CÂU KỂ Bước 1: Dùng Động từ tường thuật * A said A said (that) * A said to B A told B (that) Lưu ý: Xem Động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verb: say/said, tell/told, ask/asked, etc.) có QUÁ KHỨ hay không Động từ tường thuật chia Q KHỨ động từ lùi Động từ tường thuật chia tại/ tương lai động từ khơng lùi Bước 2: Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép Bước 3: Đổi kể Đại từ nhân xưng/ Tính từ sở hữu/ đại từ sở hữu (I/ you/ we/ they/ he/ she/ it/ me/ us/ them/ him/ her/ my/ your/ his/ her/ their/ our ) cho phù hợp với câu tường thuật (theo Bảng bên dưới) Bước 4: Lùi Thì Động từ (theo Bảng bên dưới) Bước 5: Lùi Tính từ định (this, that, these, those) & Trạng từ (Adverbs) (theo Bảng bên dưới) Bảng Cách đổi Đại từ nhân xưng, Tính từ sở hữu, Đại từ sở hữu DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Ví dụ (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) Ngơi Ngôi Ngôi Ngôi kể (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) “I don’t like football”, Kate said [Kate => me] Kate said she didn’t like football 3/ 1 “The team doesn’t choose you”, the leader told Nam The leader told Nam the team didn’t choose him [the leader => Nam] “The team doesn’t choose you”, the leader told me The leader said the team didn’t choose me [the leader => me] giữ nguyên “He will not come”, my mom said My mom said he would not come [the mom => me] Subject Object Possessive ADJ + N Possessive Pronoun (trước V) (sau V) (Tính từ sở hữu + N) (Đại từ sở hữu = Reflexive Pronoun (Đại từ phản thân) Tính từ sở hữu + N) Số Số I Me My Mine = My + house Myself We Us Our Ours Ourselves You You Your Yours Yourself Số They Them Their Theirs Themselves He Him His His Himself She Her Her Hers Herself It It Its Its Itself i/me/my; we/us/our; you/your (ngôi trực tiếp) : phải bị đổi tường thuật He/she/it/they (ngôi gián tiếp): không đổi tường thuật I, me, my , we, us, our: người nói You, your: người nghe Khi đổi ngơi câu tường thuật: đổi khôi cột, không đổi cột với Bảng Lùi Động từ câu Tường thuật DIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) INDIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Hiện đơn Quá khứ đơn S + V/ Vs/es S + V2/ed S + don’t/ doesn’t + V0 S + didn’t + V0 S + am / is / are S + was / were Hiện tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + am / is / are + V-ing S+ was / were + V-ing Hiện hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành S + have / has + V3/ed Quá khứ đơn S + was / were S + V2/ed Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + had + V3/ed S + had + V3/ed Qúa khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + was / were + V-ing S + had + been + V-ing will + V would + V can could may might must / need had to KHƠNG LÙI THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ CHÍNH KHI: Động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs) Hiện tại/ Tương lai Nội dung tường thuật “If 2/3” Nội dung tường thuật “Sự thật hiển nhiên” Nội dung tường thuật “S + V2 có năm xác định” Động từ Thì QKHT , ought to, could , should, might, used to, would rather, had better… => giữ nguyên Bảng Lùi Tính từ định Trạng ngữ câu Tường thuật DIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) INDIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) This That These Those Here There Now Then Today That day Tonight That night Yesterday the previous day / the day before Tomorrow the following day / the day after/ the next day ago before 10 last (year, week, ) the previous… / the before 11 next (year, week, ) the following / the after BÀI TẬP Exercise 1: Report these statements, using the verbs suggested (Hãy tường thuật câu này, sử dụng động từ cho sẵn.) “Our lives have changed a lot thanks to the knowledge our children brought home.” An old farmer said (that) their lives had changed a lot thanks to the knowledge their children brought home Said (that) [old farmer => me] “I'm going to Ho Chi Minh City soon." She said she was going to Ho Chi Minh City soon “The film will be interesting." I thought (that) the film would be interesting “I can't help you because I have too much to do." [she => me] She said (that) she couldn’t help me because she had too much to “Anne has written Jim a letter." Rick told me Anne had written Jim a letter “It took me three hours to get here because the roads were muddy and slippery." (Qkđ => qkht) (there) (Qkđ => qkht) He told me it had taken him three hours to get there because the roads had been muddy and slippery “I think it's a crazy idea It won’t work.” [she => me] (thought) (was) (wouldn’t) She said she thought it was a crazy idea and it wouldn’t work “Breakfast is served between 7:00 and 9:00." [htđ => qkđ: was served] He announced (that) breakfast was served between 7:00 and 9:00 Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, using the correct form of say tell or talk (Hoàn chỉnh câu, dùng dạng của say, tell hoặc talk.) Said (that) Told + O + that Jack told me that he was enjoying his new class Tom_said_it was a nice restaurant, but I didn't like it very much The doctor_said that I would have to rest for at least one week My aunt_told_ us that she wouldn't be able to come the next weekend At the meeting the teacher talked about the problems our school had Exercise 3: Report these statements 1) "He works in this bank," John said [John => me] John told me (that) he worked in that bank 2) "We went out last night," Mike and Miley said Mike and Miley said (that) they had gone out the previous night/ the night before 3) "I'm coming to you now!", said her boyfriend [her bf => she] Her boyfriend told her (that) he was coming to her then 4) "I was waiting for the bus when he arrived two days ago," Keira told me.[K => me] Keira told me she had been waiting for the bus when he had arrived two days before 5) "I didn't go to the party yesterday," said my classmate.[my classmate => me] Qkd => qkht: had V3/ed My classmate said that he/she hadn’t gone to the party the day before 6) "You can come with your friends tomorrow," my boss told me [boss => me] My boss told me I could come with my friends the day after 7) "We haven't eaten breakfast this morning," said my colleagues [colleagues => me] My colleagues said they hadn’t eaten breakfast that morning 8) "I can help you tomorrow," the consultant told the students The consultant told the students (that) he/she could help them the day after 9) "You have to go to bed early from today," the doctor told me.[doctor => me] The doctor told me (that) I had to go to bed early from that day 10) "I don't like these boxes of chocolate,” the customer said [customer => me] The customer said (that) he/she didn’t like those boxes of chocolate 11) "I won't see you tomorrow," Tiana told Josh Tiana said to Josh (that) she/ Tiana wouldn’t see him/Josh the following day/ the day after/ the next day 12) "I’m living in Paris for a few months," said Gina [httd => qktd: S + was/ were V-ing] Gina said she was living in Paris for a few months 13) "I visited my parents last weekend," Julie said Julie said (that) she had visited her parents the previous weekend/ the weekend before 14) "I haven't eaten sushi here before," said Helen Helen said she hadn’t eaten sushi there before 15) "I didn’t travel by underground until I came to London," the teenager said The teenager said that he/she had not travelled by underground until he/she came /had come to London ... ĐỘNG TỪ CHÍNH KHI: Động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs) Hiện tại/ Tương lai Nội dung tường thuật “If 2/3” Nội dung tường thuật “Sự thật hiển nhiên” Nội dung tường thuật “S + V2 có năm xác định”... đổi khôi cột, không đổi cột với Bảng Lùi Động từ câu Tường thuật DIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TRỰC TIẾP) INDIRECT SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) Hiện đơn Quá khứ đơn S + V/ Vs/es S + V2/ed ... trực tiếp) : phải bị đổi tường thuật He/she/it/they (ngôi gián tiếp): không đổi tường thuật I, me, my , we, us, our: người nói You, your: người nghe Khi đổi câu tường thuật: đổi khôi cột, không