Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam So 06(127)/2021 DANH GIA MOT SO TO HOP GHEP CO KHA NANG KHANG TUYEN TRUNG TREN CAY HO TIEU Nguyen Quang Ngoc1, Diidng Thi Oanh1, Pham Thi Hoai1, Tran[.]
Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 DANH GIA MOT SO TO HOP GHEP CO KHA NANG KHANG TUYEN TRUNG TREN CAY HO TIEU Nguyen Quang Ngoc1, Diidng Thi Oanh1, Pham Thi Hoai1, Tran Thi Dieu Hien1, Nguyen Thi Tuyet2 TOM TAT Nghien ciiu nham danh gia kha nang khang tuyen trung cua cac vat lieu lam goc ghep, bao gom ho tieu (Piper nigrum), trau khong (Piper betle), tieu riing Nam My (Piper colubrinum), tieu riing Viet Nam (Piper spp.); choi ghep la giong ho tieu Vinh Linh (Piper nigrum) Cac ket qua biiOc dau cho thay: Vat lieu tieu riing thu thap tai Viet Nam phat trien rat tot tii nhien nhiing kha nang khang tuyen trung rat kem, can tim kiem, danh gia va chon loc them Vat lieu trau khong, tieu riing Nam My khang rat tot vofi tuyen trung, cac to hop ghep sinh triidng tot viiPn lidm Qua phan tich giai phau cho thay, vi khac loai nen mac du co tiiong thich nhiing khong hoan toan, tao cac te bao chet can trp sii lien mach than cay tieu Mot so vat lieu ho tieu (Piper nigrum) chon loc viicfn tap doan co kha nang khang tuyen trimg Meloidogyne incognita co the diia vao nghien cdu ling dung lam goc ghep nhii vat lieu V19, V21 Cac to hop ghep co tinh tiiong thich cao, hinh cac te bao tiipng tang de lien than gifla hai phan goc ghep va choi ghep sau 120 Th khoa: Ho tieu (Piper nigrum), goc ghep, to hpp ghep I.DATVANDE Ho tieu (Piper nigrum) la mot loai cay lau nam, than bui phan nhanh va leo thuoc ho Piperaceae va diipc cf cac viing nong am tren the gidfi Tai Viet Nam, cay ho tieu da diipc tii rat lau dpi va la cay cong nghiep co gia tri kinh te cao, cung cap 31,9% san liipngtren the gicfi (DASD, 2016) Mac du dat diipc nhiing tpu rat quan trong, nhien san xuat ho tieu van gap nhieu van de ton tai, bat cap dac biet la van de dich benh gay hai nghiem va kho phong tri Benh chet cham tren cay ho tieu tuyen trimg gay cang bien tai tat ca cac virng tieu, miic gay hai la rat nghiem trong, anh hiiPng den nang suat, chat liipng san pham, lam giam thu nhap dang ke cho ngpPi tieu Theo ket qua kiem tra tinh hinh san xuat ho tieu nam 2019 cua Cue Bao ve thiic vat - Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon, chi tinh rieng cac tinh Tay Nguyen da cho thay dien tich cay ho tieu chet bi benh viipt tren 10 ngan hecta (Gia Lai la 5.547 ha; Dak Lak la 2.774 ha; Dak Nong la 1.827 ha), ma nguyen nhan co lien quan triic tiep hoac gian tiep den sp gay hai cua tuyen trung Nhieu loai tuyen trung ky sinh thiic vat diipc bao cao tren ho tieu (33 loai), nhiing chi loai Radopholus similis va Meloidogyne spp diipc biet la gay thiet hai nghiem nhat (Eapen and Pandey, 2018) Theo nhieu nghien ciiu cung nhii kinh nghiem ho tieu tren the giPi, phiicfng phap co hieu qua nhat de phong benh hai tren cay ho tieu la sii dung cac giong tieu khang benh (Eapen and Pandey, 2018) Day cung la yeu cau can thiet xu the chung cua mot nen nong nghiep ben vflng khong sii dung cac hoa chat nong nghiep, dac biet la thuoc bao ve thiic vat hoa hoc Tuy nhien, tai Viet Nam hien chiia co giong ho tieu nao co kha nang khang vPi tuyen trung dong thdi dam bao cho nang suat chat liipng cao diipc liia chon hay phong thich Ben canh do, doi v6i cay cong nghiep dai ngay, viec chon tao giong thiiPng mat rat nhieu thdi gian va cong she Vi vay, viec nghien ciiu chon giong bang phiiOng phap ghep ho tieu sii dung goc co kha nang khang vPi tuyen trung la biidc di phii hpp II vAT LIEU, NOI DUNG VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClJtJ 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cdu - Goc ghep gom: Tieu riing Nam My (P colubrinum), trau khong (P betle), tieu riing Viet Nam (Piper spp.) va cac vat lieu ho tieu (P nigrum) co kha nang khang tuyen trung M incognita - Choi ghep: Sd dung hom tieu liidn banh te, giong tieu Vinh Linh - Vat lieu tuyen trimg: Tuyen trimg M incognita diipc cung cap befi Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong Lam nghiep Tay Nguyen 2.2 Phiidng phap nghien ciiu 1Trung tam Nghien cuu va Phat trien Cay ho tieu, Vien KHKT Nong Lam nghiep Tay Nguyen - Vien Khoa hoc Nong nghiep Viet Nam 29 Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 B o i vdi tieu rin g Dak Boa, vi la giong tieu 2.2.1 D dnh g id k h d ndng khan g tuyen triing than bui nen nhan giong bang tach mam/hom t i M incognita cu a c a c vat lieu lam g o c ghep goc sau x i ly va cam vao bau n h i hom tieu a) Chuan bi vat lieu binh thidng Bang Cac vat lieu d ia vao thi nghiem khang tuyen trung M incognita Cong th ic Vat lieu Loai hom Nguon goc Dac diem sinh trid n g CT1 V19 (piper nigrum) Hom lio n V id n tap doan TTHT Rat khoe CT2 V21 (piper nigrum) Hom lio n V id n tap doan TTHT Rat khoe T h i thap rin g Moc ring Dak Doa - Gia Lai Sinh tridng rat khoe CT3 CT4 Tieu rin g Dak Doa (ch ia dinh danh) Vinh Linh (doi ching) Than bui Hom lio n Vat lieu d ip c xh ly nam bang each ngam dung dich thuoc Ridomil Gold 68WG 0,3% 15 phut trip e cam vao bau b) Chuan bj gid the Hap tiet trimg gia the (dat, phan chuong u hoai muc, ty le : 1) thcfi gian 30 phut d nhiet 121°C Gia the d ip c dong vao bau, khoi lipng 1.500 g/bau c) PhUdngphap bo tri thi nghiem Thi nghiem d ip c bo tri nha kinh, each ly tot vdi moi tridng ben ngoai Gom cong th ic , lan lap lai Thiet ke theo kieu khoi hoan toan ngau nhien (RCB - Randomized Complete Design) Dung lipng mau: 10 bau x cong th ic x lan lap = 120 bau - Doi tUOng lay nhiem la tuyen trung Meloidogyne incognita + Phuong phap thu tuyen trung: Re cay ho tieu co nhieu not sin g d io c thu t i cac vid n tieu bi nhiem benh vang la Ap dung TCVN 12194-1:2019 ve Quy trinh giam dinh tuyen trin g gay benh th ic vat de thu trin g va tuyen trin g tuoi (J2) Tien hanh nhan nuoi tuyen trung J2 tren gia the ca chua d ip c - thang se thu trin g cua tuyen trin g « u de trin g phat trien tuyen trung tuoi 2, tien hanh lay nhiem vao cay giong + PhUOng phap lay nhiem: Lay nhiem lan sau cay giong d ip c thang tuoi Mat tuyen trin g Vf incognita la 100 tuoi (J2)/100 g gia the Do 100 mL dung dich co ch ia 1.500 tuyen trin g \L incognita cho moi bau cay giong (1,5 kg gia the) Baa cay giong d ip c lot dia n h ia de tranh tuyen trimg di chuven ngoai ThiPng xuyen dam bao day tri am cho bau cay suot qua trinh thi ■jhiwn (tUcfi 200 mL niPc/bau, tid i lan) - Chi tieu theo doi: Theo doi bau/o co sd vao lliil diem sau lay nhiem thang V id n tap doan TTHT + Dem so lipng tuyen trin g tuoi gram re: Tach loc tuyen trin g t i re d ip c th ic hien theo phidng phap cua Speijer va De Waele (1997) + Dem so lipng tuyen trung tuoi 100 gram dat: Tach loc tuyen trin g t i mau dat d ip c th ic hien theo phiOng phap Baermann cai tien (Hooper et a l, 2005) Kiem tra bang dia dong ho d id i kinh lup soi noi co phong dai t i - lan de xac dinh mat tuyen tring + Ty le re bi u sing: So re co not sing/tong so ri chinh + Mot so chi tieu sinh tridng: D im so la, chieu dai than chinh, sinh khoi 2.2.2 D dnh g id ede to hdp ghep - Vat lieu ke th ia lam goc ghep: Tieu rin g Nam my (P colubrinum) va giong trau khong (P betle) la giong da d ip c ket luan co kha nang khang cao vPi tuyen trin g M incognita t i de tai cap bo (Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon) “Nghien c iu ve giong va cac bien phap ky thuat phat trien ho tieu ben vin g” d ip c th ic hien tai Trung tarn ho tieu, giai doan 2015 - 2020 - Vat lieu mdi: Bo sung cac vat lieu t i thi nghiem a) Nghien cdu ve ky thuat ghep va ddnh gid khd ndng tiep hdp Thi nghiem d ip c bo tri theo kieu khoi day du hoan toan ngau nhien hai yeu to, lan lap, gom nghiem th ic , moi lan lap theo doi cay Trong do: - Yeu to G la goc ghep, gom loai: V19, V21, Trau khong va tieu rin g Nam My - Yeu to C la ky thuat ghep S i dung loai ky thuat ghep: ghep nem, ghep ap Choi ghep: S i dung hom tieu lio n banh te, mat/hom, giong tieu Vinh Linh b) Ddnh gid khd ndng tiep hdp bang vi phdu Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 - Phildng phap giai phau than: Mau vat diipc cat tit mong bang tay tad cac vi phau Cac mau ddpc cat ngang vuong goc vdi true than tai cac vi tri: goc gfcep, vet ghep, ngon ghep - Cac vi phau diipc nhupm bang phiidng phap nhuom mau ket hpp gitf a Carmin - phen chua va xanh metylen So lieu diipc xd ly bang phan mem MS Excel va SAS 9.1 Cac so lieu la so tuyen triing diipc chuyen doi yi = log10(xi + 1), so lieu % chuyen sang goc yi = arcsinV% 2.3 Thdi gian va dia diem nghien cdu Thi nghiem diipc tien hanh tii thang 04/2020 den 05/2021 tai Trung tarn Nghien cdu va Phat - Quan sat vi phau tren mot giot glycerin trien Cay ho tieu - Danh gia kha nang tiep hop thong qua mile tiiOng dong giai phlu gifla goc ghep, choi ghep va mdc tiep hpp tai vi tri vet ghep III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 2.2.3 P htidn gphap p h a n tick so lieu 3.1 Kha nang khang tuyen trung cua cac goc ghep Bang Kha nang khang tuyen trung M incognita cua cac vat lieu goc ghep Sinhkhoi Ty le nhiem tuyen trung STT Cong thde TN Mat so tuyen trung dat (con/lOOgdat) Mat so tuyen triing ri (con/5gre) Tyle not sting (%) Tyle re ttidi/kho Tyle than tiidi/kho CT1 (V I9) 6,3 3b 8,33c 13,33b 5,07a 4,72“ CT2 (V21) 49,00a 142,00a 0,00b 4,69a 4,13“ CT3 (TR Dak Doa) 26,67a 57,00b 88,89a 3,75b 4,49“ CT4 (Vinh Linh) 36,67a 86,33b 91,67“ 2,95b 3,81“ 10,24 6,42 28,44 11,32 11,41 0,0024