Đánh giá đặc điểm thực vật học của cây thổ sâm {talinum paniculatum) và thổ sâm ba cạnh (talinum fruticosum ) tại gia lâm, hà nội

DANH GIA DAC DIEM TH lfC VAT HOC CUA CAY THO SAM {Talinum paniculatum ) VA THO SAM BA CANH (Talinum fruticosum ) TAI GIA LAM, HA NOl Phung Thi Thu Ha1, Pham Thi Huyen Trang1 TOM TAT Tho sam ( Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.) va Tho sam ba canh (Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss.) thuoc ho Sam mung tcfi (Talinaceae) co cong dung lam thuoc va rau an Ca hai loai hay bi nham lan vdi cung ten goi Tho sam, chfnh vi vay can co nghien cilu de phan biet loai Ket qua nghien cdu cho thay ca hai loai co dac diem vi phau tiiong dong va hinh thai rat giong nhau, nhien co the phan biet hai loai qua mot so dac diem noi bat Tho sam (T paniculatum) co vo re mau nau den, cuong cum hoa tron, cum hoa dang chuy kep, phan nhanh nhieu, hoa nd vao buoi chieu, qua hinh cau, vo qua mong Tho sam ba canh (T fruticosum) co vo re mau nau nhat, cuong cum hoa co ba canh, cum hoa dang xim, it phan nhanh, difdng kinh hoa gap 2,5 - lan Tho sam, hoa nd vao buoi sang, qua hinh trhng, vo qua day, kich thiidc qua gap - 2,7 lan Tho sam Tit khoa: Tho sam, Tho sam ba canh, hinh thai, vi phau I DAT VAN DE Tho sam (con goi la Tho nhan sam, sam mong tdi, sam dat, sam thao, tho sam cao ly) co ten khoa hoc la Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn Tho sam ba canh co ten khoa hoc la Talinumfruticosum (L.) Juss., ca hai loai deu thuoc ho Sam mung tdi (Talinaceae) vita co cong dung lam rau an vifa lam thuoc Hai loai nav hay diidc thu hai va gieo nham lan vdi cung mot ten goi la Tho sam, sam dat Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam Tho sam ba canh (T fruticosum ) diidc bien viidn nha lam rau an (Swarna and Ravindhran, 2013) Tho sam (T paniculatum) diidc bien cac viidn thuoc re cua cay Tho sam giau cac hdp chat saponin steroid va co the diidc si£ dung vdi nhieu muc dich khac y hoc (Manuhara et a l, 2012; Afolabi and Oloyede, 2014) Thanh phan hoa hoc chinh re cua cay Tho sam tiidng tii vdi Nhan sam Trung Qudc va Tap chfKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 Han Quoc (Catthareeya et a l, 2013), vi vay ma diipc menh danh la sam cho ngildi ngheo Theo y hoc hien dai, chat octacosanol cay Tho sam co tac dung chong sieu vi gay benh Herpes, cac viem nhiem ngoai da, ho trp chfla benh Parkinson, benh tim va lam cholesterol mau (Afolabi and Oloyede, 2014) Theo y hoc co truyen, Tho sam co vi ngot, tinh binh, co tac dung bo trung ich khi, nhuan phe sinh tan (Hoang Van Sy, 2010) Tho sam diipc dung lam thuoc bo, chPa suy nhilpc co the, chQa ho, mo hoi, vang dau, u tai, hoa mat, tre em ty hit dai dam, phu nil kinh nguyet khong deu, thieu spa (Do Tat Lcfi, 2004) Tren the gicfi, nhieu nilcfc dung Tho sam lam thuoc bo, chiia cac benh ve gan, than va dung de thay the viagra d Indonesia, cot sac til la Tho sam dung chfla dau co d Dominique (Afolabi and Oloyede, 2014) De phan biet dPdc hai loai thi can co danh gia ve dac diem hinh thai, vi phau nham giup nhan dien cay va tao tien de cho cac nghien cilu tiep theo Xuat phat til ly tren, nghien cdu “Danh gia dac diem thilc vat hoc cua cay Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh tai Gia Lam, Ha Noi” dope tien hanh II v At l i e u v A p h UCn g ph Ap n g h ie n CU lJ Trong hai mau song song dong thdi Cac yeu to phi thi nghiem diipc dam bao dong deu Cac chi tieu nghien cilu cua tilng mau giong deu diipc xac dinh vdi lan lap lai, dung lilpng mau moi lan lap la 50, lay mau ngau nhien theo diidng cheo diem Cac chi tieu theo doi diipc quan sat, dem cay vao giai doan sinh san, cu diipc thu sau thang giam horn Dac diem hinh thai cd quan sinh dudng va sinh san diipc tien hanh theo phiidng phap hinh thai so sanh (Nguyen Nghia Thin, 2007) Dac diem vi phau re, than, la dupe thpc hien theo phiidng phap cai tien cua Tran Cong Khanh (1981) va Nguyen Nghia Thin (2007) 2.3 Thfti gian va dia diem nghien ciiu Thdi gian theo doi: Thang - 11/2020 Dia diem nghien ciiu: Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam - Gia Lam, Ha Noi m KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Dac diem hinh thai Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh 3.1.1 D ac diem hinh thdi cd qu an sinh dtidng 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cdu Cay Tho sam (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.)va Tho samba canh (Talinumfruticosum(L.) Juss.) dupe thu thap tai Gia Lam - Ha Noi va tai nha liidi Khoa Nong hoc - Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viet Nam 2.2 Phtfcfng phap nghien cilu Cay Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh thu thap tai Gia Lam - Ha Noi diipc cat doan ngon dai cm va giam vao bau, dat nha liXcfi Thi nghiem dilpc bo tri theo philOng phap tuan khong nhac lai Hinh Re cu Tho sam (a, R# cay giam horn cua Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh deu la dang re cu, dp trP chat dinh diidng Re phinh to d goc va thuon nho dinh re TP re cu moc cac ri ben manh, co nhiem vu hap thu nilcfc va muoi khoang Trong cung dieu kien trot, Tho sam sinh trildng re cu manh hdn Tho sam ba canh Vo ngoai cua re Tho sam co mau nau den, bong nhan, vo re Tho sam ba canh co mau nau vang, hdi san sui Thit cu cua ca hai loai deu co mau trang, vdi hai vong tron dong tarn, quan sat ro hdn re Tho sam (Hinh 1) va Tho sam ba canh (b, d) 37 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 Than Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh deu la dang than thao, nhan, phan than non mau xanh, phan gia hcin mau nau va phan goc co mo bi thd cap mau nau xam Than Tho sam ba canh co goc canh nhieu hdn than Tho sam Mau nau d cay Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh la sii co mat cua sac to betalain va dieu kien moi trUdng song cang bat Idi thi sac to cang tlch luy nhieu than va la cay (Swarna et a l, 2013) La Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh deu co dang la don, moc each, he gan long chim, hai mat la co mau xanh, nhan, mat tren xanh dam hon mat diidi, cuong rat ngan Ca hai loai deu co phien la da hinh Tho sam co chop la tii nhon den thuon tron va mep la nguyen den lUOn song, Tho sam ba canh co chop lorn, mep la nguyen Kich thiidc la dao dong nhieu, la Tho sam dai 5,6 - 8,1 cm, rang - 3,6 cm, la Tho sam ba canh co chieu dai -10,5 cm, rong 2,6 - 4,1 cm Tho sam co chieu cao than (khong ti'nh ngong hoa) td 10 - 26 cm, dUo’ng kinh than - mm; Tho sam ba canh co chieu cao than til 15 - 35 cm, diidng kinh than - 6,5 mm Dinh than Tho sam phan hoa ngong hoa sbm hon Tho sam ba canh, do ma chieu cao than cua cay Tho sam thap hon Tho sam ba canh 3.1.2 D ae diem hinh thai cd q u a n sink sdn Cum hoa Tho sam phan nhanh nhieu, co dang chiiy kep, moc dinh than, dai til 30 - 40 cm, cuong cum hoa manh, tiet dien hinh tron Cum hoa Tho sam ba canh phan nhanh it, co dang xim, moc o' dinh than, dai td 10 - 25 cm, cuong cum hoa map, tiet dien hinh tarn giac (Hinh 3), chinh vi vay mcfi co ten goi Tho sam ba canh % f b) Hxnh Cum hoa cua cay Tho sam (a) va Tho sam ba canh (b) Hinh thai mot hoa Bonhuy Qua Hat Hinh Hinh thai hoa, qua va hat cua Tho sam (a) va Tho sam ba canh (b) Ghi chu: Mot li nhd tUdng dUdng vdi kick thude l x l mm Hoa Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh deu co mau hong stl co mat sac to betalain Mau hoa Th6 sam ba canh hong dam hon hoa Tho sam Canh dai cua Tho sam co mau hong nhat, vet gan va chop co mau xanh Tho sam ba canh co canh dai mau trang xanh, vet gan va chop co mau xanh (Hinh 4) 38 Hoa cua ca hai loai deu gom canh trang, canh dai, nhi nhieu, chi nhi mau tim, bao phan mau vang, dau nhuy xe 3, mau hong, bau tren, 6, nhieu noan, dinh noan trung tru Theo Oo (2020) thi Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh co loi dinh noan gida Theo Veselova va cong tac vien (2011), vach bau bi tieu Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 bien dai bao tv£ hinh nen tii loi dinh noan trung tru trd loi dinh noan gifla Nghien ciiu cua chiing toi la nghien cdu dau tien ve cac dac diem Tho sam nd hoa vao - 4h chieu; diidng kinh hoa - mm, canh hoa dai - mm, canh dai - 1,7 mm, nhi dai 1,7 - 2,3 mm, nuom nhuy va vdi nhuy mau hdng, voi nhuy dai - 2,5 mm, bau mau xanh, hinh cau, diidng kinh bau 0,8 - mm Tho sam ba canh nd hoa vao buoi sang liic -1 h; diidng kinh hoa - mm, canh hoa dai - mm, canh dai - mm, nhi - mm, voi nhuy co mau trang d goc, cang len gan dau nhuy mau hong dam dan, dau nhuy mau hong dam, voi nhuy dai - mm, bau nhuy mau xanh, hinh triing, dudng kinh bau 1,2 1,5 mm (Hinh 4) Theo Nduche va Otaka (2019), hoa cua Tho sam ba canh d Nigeria nd vao buoi sang Theo Veselova va cong tac vien (2011), hoa cua Tho sam nd vao buoi chieu cua Tho sam ba canh nd vao buoi trUa, ben mot hoa tii - h Chiia co ghi nhan ve thdi gian nd hoa, ben hoa, dac diem qua va hat cua loai d Viet Nam Qua Tho sam co dang qua nang, hinh cau, vo qua mong, co mau xanh non, nau chin, qua kho mau nau hoac xam bac, ndt manh, diidng kinh qua - mm Qua Tho sam ba canh co hinh trdng, non mau trang xanh vdi vet mau nau do, chin co mau trang kem vdi vet mau nau do, vo qua day, ciing, diidng kinh - mm, chieu dai - mm (Hinh 4) Tho sam va Tho sam ba canh co hinh thai hat tiidng tii nhau, hinh 0,05), ngoai trrt loai S mantis Nhin chung, phan loai Malacostraca kha thap va can dhpc bao ton nham tri sh can bang sinh thai d rilng ngap man CLD Th khoa: Malacostraca, man, ham liipng TOM, rhng ngap man Cu Lao Dung I DAT VAN DE Malacostraca la mot nhflng 16p ldn nhat cua nganh phu giap xac (Crustacea) thuoc nganh chan khdp Arthropoda, co phan loai rat da dang, chung phan bo ca moi triicfng midc ngot, lp - man, ca niidc ngam O he sinh thai rilng ngap man, khu he dong vat khong xhPng song chu yeu la cac loai giap xac Ngoai vai tro quan trong chuoi dinh dildng, mot so loai giap xac lien tuc dao hang bun de tim noi tru an va dp trP thPc an Cac loai giap xac van chuyen chat hflu cO tP cac dia tang ben dildi len be mat bang each dao lefp tram tich (Macintosh, 1988) RPng ngap man la he sinh thai ven bien thuoc vung chuyen tiep giPa dat lien va bien, bi anh hodng manh me bdi thuy trieu, nen phan loai giap xac bien dong ldn Sp phong phu cua giap xac bi anh hiicing Khoa Thuy san, Truong Dai hoc Can Tho : Khoa Moi tnrbmg va Tai nguyen Thien nhien, Truong Dai hoc Can Tho 42 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 bdi dieu kien moi trQdng song, sQ phong phu va nguon thiic an san co cung nhQ so lQpng dich hai Ngoai ra, vat chat hQu co d rQng ngap man la nguon thQc an quan cho cac quan the sinh vat khac □hau nhQ ca, tom va cua San liipng tom, ca d vimg bien phu thuoc nhieu vao san liipng vat chat hQu cO rQng ngap man tao (Anneboina and Kumar, 2017) Tuy nhien, Hariyadi va cong tac vien (2020) cho rang quan xa giap xac khu vQc riing ngap man rat da dang va on dinh Cac loai giap xac cung co cac yeu to moi trQdng gicfi han cho ddi song cua chung, chang han nhii nhiet do, man, pH, tinh chat nen day va ham liipng chat hQu cO nen day thuy vQc Nhiing thay doi ve chat liipng cua he sinh thai thuy sinh va tinh chat nen day cung se anh hiidng den sQ phong phu va da dang cua giap xac cung nhii cac sinh vat khac Do man cung la mot nhiing yeu to moi triidng quan anh hiicfng den sii phan bo cua cac loai giap xac (Delgado et at, 2011) Vi vay, nghien cdu diipc thpc hien nham tim hieu anh hQdng cua man va ham liipng vat chat hQu cO den phan cua Malacostracca d riing ngap man Cu Lao Dung, tinh Soc Trang nham co bien phap bao ton nguon lpi giap xac d khu viic nghien cQu n gau Petersen (dien tich mieng gau 0,03 m2) vdi tong cong 10 gau va cho lan lQpt qua sang day co kich thQdc mat hidi 0,5 mm Mau sau thu dQpc sang loc that sach va cho vao chai nhQa ldn, co dinh bang formol d nong tQ -10% Dinh danh phan loai Malacostraca bang phQdng phap hinh thai dQa theo cac tai lieu phan loai cua Thai Thanh DQdng (2003), Lee va cong tac vien (2015) va Ng va Davie (2002) Mat Malacostraca dQpc xac dinh theo cong thQc: D = X/S (Trong do: X la so ca the dem diidc, S Id dien tich thu mau (S = n x d , vdi n la so gau thu mau vd d la dien tich mieng gau) Ngoai ra, man dQpc trQc tiep tai cac diem thu mau bang may da chi tieu (Hana HI9828) Mau bun day dQpc thu tren mat nen day d sau khoang -2 cm vdi lQpng khoang 500 g/mau, tron deu mau, trQ lanh d 4°C va sau xac dinh ham lQpng vat chat hQu cd (TOM) bang phQdng phap dinh lQpng d nhiet 80°C 24 gid, tiep tuc nung d 450°C gid, sau can de xac dinh phan tram TOM TQdng quan (Pearson) giQa man va TOM dQpc xQ ly bang phan mem SPSS 22.0 DOI THONG VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CtfU 2.1 Doi tiipng nghien ciiu Thanh phan loai va mat Malacostraca d he sinh thai riing ngap man cua Cu Lao Dung thuoc tinh Soc Trang la doi tiipng chinh nghien cQu 2.2 PhiiPng phap nghien ciiu Tong cong co dpt thu mau vao miia mQa (thang 9/2019) va miia kho (thang 3/2020) moi dpt nghien cQu co 24 diem thu dQpc d cac song, rach thuoc khu viic riing ngap man Cu Lao Dung va chia lam nhom thuy vpc (ky hieu tQ N1 den N8), moi nhom thuy viic diipc thu lap lai lan Cac nhom thuy viic diipc thu theo mat cat ngang cua rQng ngap man (RNM) va theo hiidng tQ vimg noi dong (VND) gom cac diem N l, N2, N3, N4 va N5 den RNM vimg ven bien co cac diem N6, N7 va N8 Cac diem thu mau d VND co khoang each tQ 6,5 - 9,5 km va d khu vQc RNM co khoang each tQ 3,5 - 5,0 km, mQc nQdc tai cac diem thu mau bien dong tQ - 2,5 m Vi tri cua cac diem thu mSu dQpc trinh bay d Hinh Thanh phan loai va mat Malacostraca tai moi vi tri dQpc thu d cac bang III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Do man va ham lQdng vat chat hflu cd d rQng ngap man Cu Lao Dung, tinh Soc Trang Do man tai cac diem thu mau theo mua d Cu Lao Dung, Soc Trang ghi nhan dao dong tQ 0,1 - 18,6%o, trung binh 5,7 ± 4,4%o, cao nhat d diem N6 vao mua kho va thap nhat d diem N l vao mua mQa (Hinh 2) Bien dong man co sQ chenh lec rat ldn giQa mua mQa va mua kho Vao mua mQa, man giQa cac diem thu mau dao dong tQ 43 Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 0,1 - 4,9%o, trung binh 1,3 ± l,6%o, va co xu hiicfng tang dan tP diem N1 den N7 nhiing giam hcfn 2,3 lan tai diem N8 Do man vao mua miia rat thap la vao thdi diem la mua lu, bi anh hiidng trite tiep bdi nguon niicfc tii thtfe/ng nguon song Hau ve va nhan diipc liipng niicfc miia rat ldfn nen co sit giao thoa giPa niicfc ngot va niidc bien tai day Ngiipc lai, vao mua kho man cao hcfn rat nhieu so vefi mua miia va dao dong tii 1,1 - 18,6%o, trung binh 10,1 ± 7,l%o, co xu hiicfng tang dan tii diem N1 den N6 sau giam nhe diem N7 va N8 Vao thdi diem liicfng mila giam, qua trinh xam nhap man tii bien vao nen man tang cao hefn Ket qua nghien cPu cho thay man tai cac diem thu mau co xu hiicfng tang dan tii khu vpc noi dong (N1 - N5) den khu vPc riing ngap man (N6 - N8) cua huyen Cu Lao Dung, tinh Soc Trang 4.500 4.00 ^ 3.500 ^ 3.00 ^ 2.500 S 2.00 g l.5 0 H 1.00 500 00 ! I I I I ! N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 (b) Hinh (a) Do man va (b) TOM cua cac diem thu mau d he sinh thai riing ngap man Cii Lao Dung Ham liipng TOM the hien ham liipng vat chat hiiu ccf tren nen day cua cac diem thu mau cf viing nghien cPu Ham liipng TOM trung binh tii 2,5 ± 0,3% va 2,7 ± 0,4% tiicfng Png cho mua miia va mua kho Ham liipng TOM nghien cPu tiicfng doi thap hcfn so vPi nghien ciiu cua Nguyen Thi Kim Lien (2017), TOM tren song Hau bien dong tii 2,4 - 10,0%, trung binh 5,7 ± 1,4% Cf nghien cPu hien tai, TOM co xu hiiong cao hdn vao mua kho cf cac diem N6, N7 va N8 vimg RNM, vao mua kho la cay riing rPi rung nhieu hon, qua trinh phan huy xac la cay riing lam gia tang ham liipng vat chat htfu c p , tii ham liipng TOM cung tang len tinh Soc Trang Viec xac dinh phan loai cua giap xac phu thuoc vao phiiPng phap thu mau va mua vu thu mau Vao mua miia tai cac vi tri N l, N2 va N3 moi triicfng niicfc co man rat thap (< l%o) nen khong tim thay sif hien dien cua cac loai Malacostraca Diem N6 co phan loai cao nhat (6 loai) so cac diem thu mau vao mua kho, day cung la diem thu co man trung binh cao hpn cac diem thu khac cf khu vpc khao sat (Hinh 3) Thanh phan loai cua Malacostraca co xu hiicfng cao d cac vi tri RNM ca miia miia va mua kho Ket qua tii hinh cho thay co loai diipc ghi nhan ca mua miia va miia kho nhii Alpheus digitalis, Uca sp., Macrophthalmus 3.2 Thanh phan loai Malacostraca cf riing ngap japonicas, Squilla mantis, Cirolana sp va Acetes man Cu Lao Dung, tinh Soc Trang indicus cho thay day la cac loai rong muoi co the Qua cac dpt khao, ket qua da ghi nhan tong cong phan bo d cac man khac Co loai chi tim 59 loai dong vat day, co 13 loai, 12 giong, thay vao mua miia gom Sesarma mederi, Ocypode ho thuoc lefp Malacostraca, chiem ti le 22% tong ceratophthalmus, Gammarus locusta va Aratus so loai cua dong vat day cf riing ngap man Cu Lao pisonii va loai ghi nhan diipc miia kho la Dung, Soc Trang Thanh phan loai Malacostraca Pseudosesarma moeschi, Macrophthalmus depressus xac dinh diipc nghien cdu tiiOng doi thap va Limnoria lignorum Ngoai ra, ket qua hinh hon so v6i nghien cdu cua Negromonte va cong tac cho thay co loai hien dien mua miia cf khu vien (2012), da xac dinh diipc 17 loai giap xac thuoc vpc RNM, la O ceratophthalmus, G locusta va 14 giong va 13 ho cf riing ngap man Gaibu, bang A pisonii, loai chi phan bo vao mua kho cf khu vpc Pernambuco, Brazil Trong Le Van Tho va cong RNM nhii P moeschi va M depressus Rieng khu tac vien (2020) da ghi nhan diipc 34 loai cua thuoc vpc VND khong tim thay loai phan bo dac triing ca 17 giong va ho riing ngap man Cu Lao Dung, mua kho va mua miia 44 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 nhiem Xoo thi hieu qua kiem soat thap hdn han, chi dat ~20% Trong do, doi chdng B sif dung thuoc hoa hoc Bismerthiazol theo cung dieu kien vln dat hieu qua cao la 69,4% Theo nghien cdu cua nhom tac gia Chung va cong tac vien (2015), hai chdng vi khuan Bacillius sp YC7007 va YC7010T co the kiem soat benh bac la lua d mdc 61,2 - 70,8% Ro rang, viec sd dung chung VY03 theo phiidng thdc phong va chong dat hieu qua kiem soat benh bac la cao tiidng diidng vdi cac nghien cdu da cong bo Ket qua gdi md hitdng sd dung cac tac nhan kiem soat sinh hoc theo phiidng thdc phong chong, tdc la tao dieu kien cho cay lua tiep xuc sdm vdi vi sinh vat doi khang triidc bi nhiem benh, tham chi d giai doan hat mam hoac cay ma va ket hop phun tri benh cay co bieu hien mac benh xam nhap vao cay td giai doan dau cua qua trinh sinh triidng Ket qua dieu tra mdc nhiem benh bac la giai doan cay lua lam dong den trd (70 - 75 tuoi) cho thay benh bac la xuat hien d tat ca cac ruong thi nghiem vdi ty le benh tang dan qua cac ky dieu tra (Hinh 4) Tuy nhien, co the nhan thay sU chenh lech ro ret gida cong thdc thi nghiem (lua diipc tiep xuc sdm vdi chung VY03) va cac ruong doi chdng Cf CTTN, tai thdi diem tro bong ty le benh bac la la 19,83 - 20,05% va chi so benh la 9,21 - 9,38%, sai khac d mdc co y nghia thong ke so vdi doi chdng la 48,72 % va 26.25% (Hinh 4A, B) Sau sp gia tang cua benh bac la cac ruong thi nghiem diipc xac dinh, dich te bao cua chdng VY03 diipc phun d CTNN va so sanh vdi doi chdng la ruong khong xd ly benh (DC) va rupng 3 D a n h g ia h ie u q u a k ie m s o a t b e n h b a c la c u a cua cac ho dan xung quanh phun thuoc Kasumin 2SL (DCrs) Ket qua cho thay CTTN chdng ch u n g V Y tr o n g d ieu k ien d o n g ru o n g VY03 lam giam ty le benh va chi so benh mot Khac vdi thi nghiem nha liidi, thi nghiem each ro ret, d mdc tiidng diiong vdi thuoc hoa hoc dong ruong te bao chung VY03 diipc difa vao dat Kasumin 2SL (Hinh 4) gieo hat va itom ma de tao dieu kien cho vi khuan A 80 100 I CTTM I BCk, 70 „ 60 ^ sz5 & 90 Is 80 40 70 SB- 30 ^ 20 50 10 40 24-05 Ngay di&u tra Ngay diki tra 01-06 07-06 Ng8y ffi^u tra Hinh Hieu qua kiem soat benh bac la dieu kien thiic te ngoai dong ruong Cu the, ket qua danh gia d thdi diem lua chin sap, ruong diipc phun dich te bao chdng VY03 (CTTN) co ty le benh va chi so benh tiidng dng la 12,96 va 6,63%, tiidng diidng vdi ruong phun thuoc Kasumin 2SL (DCKS) la 10,45 va 4,12% Ruong doi chdng khong xd ly (DC) co ty le benh va chi so benh tiep tuc tang nhanh qua cac ky dieu tra va dat cao nhat d giai doan la 67,35 va 44,75% (Hinh 4A, B) Hieu qua kiem soat benh bac la d ruong xd ly bang chung vi khuan VY03 va ruong phun thuoc Kasumin 2SL tiidng dUdng suot qua trinh dieu tra, dat mdc 75 - 85% 68 (Hinh 4C) Hieu qua kiem soat benh cao hdn so vdi thi nghiem dieu kien nha liidi, phan anh tac dung cua viec cho cay tiep xuc sdm vdi chung vi khuan noi sinh VY03 bang xd ly dat lidm ma vdi chdng Ben canh do, hieu qua cua chung VY03 dc che benh bac la Xoo diipc danh gia thong qua cac yeu to cau nang suat va nang suat lua Quan sat hinh thdc bong lua co the thay d CTTN bong lua co mau sac hat vang sang, it hat lep, d doi chdng (DC) bong lua co nhieu hat lep, mau nau toi (Hinh 5) Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 cao hdn DC (mdc sai khac co y nghia) Khoi ldpng 1.000 hat CNTN cung cao hdn DC (mdc sai khac co y nghia) Nang suat ly thuyet va nang suat thiic te cua CTTN dao dong td 64,7 - 70,4 ta/ha, cao hdn cong thdc ddi chdng d mdc sd sanh co y nghia td 12 - 13% Hinh Bong lua d ruong doi chdng (DC) va CTTN Ket qua danh gia chi tiet (Bang 1) cho thay, so bong/m2 cua CTTN khoang 268,8 - 289,8, so hat chac/bong giao dong td 104,22 - 118,12 hat, Tong hdp cac ket qua phan tich thd nghiem dong ruong cho thay chdng VY03 co anh hitdng tich cUc tdi sd phat trien cua cay lua, gom (i) kiem soat tot benh bac la va (ii) tang nang suat lua Mac du co tinh man cam cao vdi nhieu benh hai, dac biet la benh bac la Xoo gay ra, giong lua Bac Ihdm so diidc bien nhat d cac tinh dong bang song Hong nhieu nam bdi co chat lddng gao tot Chung VY03 nghien cdu the hien tac dung nhii mot probiotic cho cay lua, co tiem nang dng dung cao canh tac lua hdu cd, giup giam thieu sd dung hoa chat trdng nong nghiep Bang Yeu to cau nang suat va nang suat lua cua cac cong thdc thi nghiem NSLT (ta/ha) Nang suat Tang(%) NSTT (ta/ha) 20,56 64,7 12 59,2 19,25 53,9 - 48,6 Cong thdc Bong/m2 So hat chac/bong M 1.000 hat (g) CTTN 285,6 110,25 DC 268,8 104,22a Ghi chu: M: Trong lUdng; NSLT: Nang suat ly thuyet; NSTT: Nang suat thutc te IV K E T LU A N VA D E N G H I K e tlu a n Chung vi khuan noi sinh lua Bacillus velezensis VY03 co hoat tinh doi khang vi khuan Xoo cao the hien cac thi nghiem in vitro Hoat tinh on dinh cac dieu kien nhiet do, pH, nong NaCl, va nguon nito, chi phu thuoc vao nguon carbon sd dung moi trddng nuoi cay, glucose va sucrose la phu hdp nhat Thd nghiem chung VY03 kiem soat benh bac la lua d dieu kien nha lddi cho thay sd dung theo phddng thdc phong va chong benh (phun triidc va sau nhiem Xoo ) cho hieu qua kiem soat 71.6%, tddng diiOng vdi thuoc hoa hoc Bismerthiazol ap dung cung dieu kien Trong do, neu sd dung theo phiicfng thdc chong benh (phun sau nhilm Xoo ) thi hieu qua kiem soat chi dat mdc 20.4% Thd nghiem d dieu kien dong ruong theo phiiong thdc phong va chong, ket hdp xd ly dat liOm ma bang chdng VY03 vdi phun phong benh lua d giai doan lam dong va phun tri benh phat hien benh bac la da cho hieu qua kiem soat benh tot (75 - 85%), tddng dddng thuoc hoa hoc Kasumin 2SL, dieu kien benh lay nhiem tvi nhien Qua trinh xd ly benh bang chung VY03 cung lam tang nang suat lua -12% so vdi doi chdng khong xd ly D e n g h i Nghien cdu phat trien che pham sinh hoc td chung Bacillus velezensis VY03 va tiep tuc thd nghiem d dieu kien dong ruong de danh gia hieu qua, lam cd sd difa che pham vao phuc vu cho san xuat lua hdu cd LCtt CAM ON Nghien cdu dddc tai trd td de tai NDT.34.ITA/17 Bo Khoa hoc va Cong nghe tai trd TA I L IE U T H A M K H A O Abbott, W.S., 1987 A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, (2): 302-303 69 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 Adhikari, T.B., Basnyat, R.C., & Mew, T.W., 1999 Virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae on rice lines containing single resistance genes and gene combinations Plant Disease, 83 (1): 46-50 Afzal, I., Shinwari, Z.K., Sikandar, S., & Shahzad, 5., 2019 Plant beneficial endophytic bacteria: Mechanisms, diversity, host range and genetic determinants Microbiological Research, 221: 36-49 Bertani, I., Abbruscato, P., Piffanelli, P., Subramoni, 5., & Venturi, V., 2016 Rice bacterial endophytes: isolation of a collection, identification of beneficial strains and microbiome analysis Environmental Microbiology Reports, (3): 388-398 Chung, E.J., Hossain, M.T., Khan, A., Kim, K.H., Jeon, C.O., & Chung, Y.R., 2015 Bacillus oryzicola sp nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from the roots of rice with antimicrobial, plant growth promoting, and systemic resistance inducing activities in rice The Plant Pathology Journal, 31 (2): 152 Goto, M., 2012 Fundamentals of bacterial plantpathology Academic Press Huang, N., Angeles, E.R., Domingo, J., Magpantay, G., Singh, S., Zhang, G., & Khush, G.S., 1997 Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice: marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 95 (3): 313-320 Magaldi, S., Mata-Essayag, S., De Capriles, C.H., Perez, C., Colella, M.T., Olaizola, C & Ontiveros, Y., 2004 Well diffusion for antifungal susceptibility testing International Journal o f Infectious Diseases, 8: 39-45 Mew, T.W., 1992 Compendium of rice diseases American Phytopathological Society St Paul, MN: 62 Mew, T.W., Alvarez, A.M., Leach, J.E., & Swings, J., 1993 Focus on bacterial blight of rice Plant Disease, 77 (1): 5-12 Mizukami, T., & Wakimoto, S., 1969 Epidemiology and control of bacterial leaf blight of rice Annual Review of Phytopathology, (1): 51-72 Murty Ih ri, V.S., & Devadath, S., 1984 Role of seed in survival and transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae causing bacterial blight of rice Journal of Phytopathology, 110 (1): 15-19 O’Brien P.A., 2017 Biological control of plant diseases Australasian Plant Patholology, 44:1-12 Zhu, X.F., Xu, Y., Peng, D., Zhang, Y., Huang, T.T., Wang, J.X., & Zhou, M.G., 2013 Detection and characterization of bismerthiazol-resistance of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae Crop Protection, 47: 24-29 Wu, L., Wu, H., Chen, L., Yu, X., Borriss, R and Gao, X., 2015 Difficidin and bacilysin from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 have antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae rice pathogens Scientific Reports, : 12975 doi:10.1038/srep12975 Study on application of endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis VY03 in controlling rice bacterial blight disease Nguyen Thi Hieu Thu, Nguyen Duy Toi, Lai Tien Dung, Nguyen Kim Nu Thao, Dinh Thuy Hang Abstract The rice endophytic bacterium strain Bacillius velezensis VY03 has high antagonistic activity against the phytopathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) causing rice bacterial blight disease The optimal culture conditions for the strain to grow and have the highest antagonistic activity against Xoo were pH 7, NaCl 10 g/L, sucrose as the carbon and energy sources, meat extract as nitrogen source, temmperature 37°C, and culturing time 40 h The experiment in net house condition using Bacthom N7 cultivar revealed that culture broth of strain VY03 had a high protective effect (71.6%) against the bacterial blight disease when applied at the protective-fighting mode, i.e before and after the Xoo infection Preliminary results of the field test using the same rice cultivar showed that a protective effect against the bacterial blight disease was obtained as high as 75 - 85% if the strain was used as an additive to soil for the seedlings in combination with spraying when the disease began in the field In addition, using the strain VY03 also increased the rice yield to -12% compared to non-treatment control The study showed significant potential for application of endophytic bacteria in controling the bacterial blight disease, while stimulating plant growth, thus reducing the use of agrochemical in rice cultivation Keywords: Bacterial blight disease (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae), rice endophytic bacteria (Bacillius velezencis), biocontrol Ngay nhan bai: 14/5/2021 Ngay phan bien: 02/6/2021 Ngifdi phan bien: PGS.TS Nguyen Van Viet Ngay duyet dang: 29/6/2021 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 KET QUA DANH GIA MOT SO MO HINH CAC GIONG CA PHE CHE CHAT LUONG CAO TN6, TN7, TN9 Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai1, Dinh Thi Tieu Oanh1, Lai Thj Phuc1, Nguyen Dinh Thoang1, Nong Khanh Nifdng1, Le Van Bon1, Le Van Phi1, Vu Thi Danh1, Tran Thi Bich Ngoc1, Hoang Quoc Trung1, Nguyen Phifcfng Thu Hiicfng1, Ha Thuc Huyen1, Tran Hoang An1, Ton That Da Vu1 TOM TAT Cac giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7, TN9 cho nang suat kha cao va on dinh Tai cac vung Dak Lak, Kon Turn va Lam Dong nang suat trung binh vu cua cac giong: TN6 dat til 3,12 - 3,76 tan nhan/ha; giong TN7 dat tii 3,19 - 3,77 tan nhan/ha; giong TN9 dat tU 3,22 - 4,05 tan nhan/ha cao hon co y nghia so vdi giong doi chUng Catimor co nang suat trung binh vu dat tii 1,89 - 2,56 tan nhan/ha Cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 co chat lupng hat ca phe nhan song tot horn so vcri giong Catimor va dtipc xep vao hang ca phe dac san Chat lupng thii nem cua cac giong dat lan lupt la TN6: 82,00/100 diem; TN7: 81,50/100 diem va TN9: 82,75/100 diem theo tieu chuan danh gia cua CQI va giong Catimor dat 75,50/100 diem Cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 co kha nang khang benh gi sat rat cao Tii khoa: Chat lupng cao, giong ca phe che lai (TN6, TN7, TN9), mo hinh l d At v a n d e n VAT LIEU VA PHtfONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Ca phe la mot nhOng mat hang nong san xuat khau chit lUc cua Viet Nam Tuy nhien, dien tich ca phe Viet Nam hien chu yeu la ca phe voi, ca phe che chiem khoang 56,3 ngan triOng diiofng 8,2% tong dien tich (Cue Trong trot, 2019) Cay ca phe che cua Viet Nam hien chu yeu diidc bang giong Catimor va chiem tren 95% dien tich, phan lai la mot so giong khac Giong Catimor sinh trrfcfng khoe, thich ling rong, nang suat cao Tuy nhien van co mot so han che nhii hat nho, ngan, pham vi nifdc uong thien ve ca phe voi Hon nfla, giong Catimor da diiOc rong rai nhiing nam cuoi cua the ky 20, do viidn cay da gia coi, xuong cap, kha nang cho nang suat thap khong mang lai hieu qua kinh te Vi vay, can co nhiing giong ca phe che mdi co nang suat, chat ltipng cao, khang benh gi sat, thay the dien tich ca phe Catimor de mang lai hieu qua cao hdn Ke thiia ket qua nghien cdu cua de tai cap Bo “Nghien cdu chon tao giong ca phe che chat lripng cao cho cac vung chinh” giai doan 2011 -2015 Cac giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7, TN9 da diipc khao nghiem nhieu vung sinh thai khac va da cho nang suat cao hon hoac bang giong Catimor, nhiing chat liipng qua, hat va chat liipng thi£ nem viipt troi hdn han so v6i giong Catimor Day la cac giong ca phe chat liipng cao, phuc vu cho san xuat ca phe dac san V at lie u n g h ie n ciifu Cac giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7, TN9 da diipc cong nhan san xuat thif tii nam 2016, theo quyet dinh so 2812/QD-BNN-TT 07/7/2016 cua Bo triidng Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon va giong doi chdng la giong Catimor 2 PhiiO ng p h ap n g h ie n ciiu Cac bien phap ky thuat, cong nghe nhan giong dupe ap dung dUa tren ca sd quy trinh ky thuat trong, cham soc va thu hoach ca phe che (10TCN 527: 2002) Cac chi tieu theo doi: Nang suat, chat lupng qua hat, chat lupng thii nem, kha nang khang benh gi sat Cac phUdng phap phan tich va xii ly so lieu: So lieu thi nghiem dupe tinh theo phUPng phap thong ke sinh hoc cua Gomez va Gomez (1984), cac so lieu dupe xii ly tren phan mem Excel 7.0 va Sas 9.1 Quy mo, dia diem xay dung mo hinh: Lam Dong: 01 ha, Kon Turn: 01 ha, Dak Lak: 01 ha; nam 2011 Thifi g ia n v a d ia d ie m n g h ie n o i u Nghien cUu dupe thUc hien tii thang 01 nam 2016 den thang 12 nam 2019 tai Dak Lak, Kon Turn va Lam Dong 1Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong Lam nghiep Tay Nguyen 71 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 III K E T Q U A VA T H A O LU A N Ke thtfa ket qua nghien ciiu cua de tai cap Bo cua Dinh Thi Tieu Oanh (2016) “Nghien ciiu chon tao giong ca phe che chat ltidng cao cho cac viing chinh” giai doan 2011 - 2015, cac mo hinh giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7, TN9 diidc tai cac vung Dak Lak, Kon Turn va Lam Dong Cac giong diidc tiep tuc danh gia ve nang suat, chat liipng mot each chat che de co cd sd chuyen giao giong mdi san xuat, bo sung vao cd cau giong ca phe che dang han hep nhii hien Ket qua danh gia nang suat dupe the hien of bang Bang Nang suat cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 va Catimor tai Dak Lak Kyhieu giong Nang suat (tan nhan/ha) Vu2016 Vu2017 Vu2018 Vu2019 Trung binh TN6 3,25a 3,13ab 2,97a 3,32a 3,17a TN7 3,24a 3,39a 2,79b 3,34a 3,19a TN9 3,52a 3,11b 2,89ab 3,37a 3,22a Catimor 1,74b 1,95c 1,69c 2,16b 1,89b TB 2,94 2,90 2,59 3,05 2,87 CV(%) 8,74 4,50 3,24 5,56 5,51 p 0,0005 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 zjmi Ghi chu: Khi so sank gitia cac cong thtic: cac mau tu di kem giong ciing mdt cot the hien sti khac biet khdng co y nghia thong ke (p < 0,05) Ket qua bang cho thay: Tai Dak Lak, qua vu thu hoach cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 hau het cho nang suat kha cao, tren tan nhan/ha, cao hon han so vdi giong doi chiing, co sti sai khac ve thong ke Rieng nam 2018, nang suat cua cac giong thap hdn so vdi cac nam 2016, 2017 va 2019 nhting van cao hdn so vdi giong Catimor Dieu la thcd tiet nam 2018 bat ldi cho viec hoa, dau qua cua ca phe va day la tinh hinh chung da lam anh hiidng den nang suat ca phe cua mot so vung Nang suat trung binh vu cua cac giong ca phe che lai dat tit 3,17 - 3,22 tan nhan/ha, cao hdn co y nghia so vdi giong doi chdng Catimor chi dat 1,89 tan nhan/ha Bang Nang suat cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 va Catimor tai Kon Turn Giong Nang suat (tan nhan/ha) Vu2016 Vu2017 Vu2018 Vu2019 Trung binh TN6 3,48c 3,01c 2,83b 3,17b 3,12c TN7 3,80b 3,33b 2,97a 3,27ab 3,34b TN9 4,06a 3,55a 3,02a 3,31a 3,49a Catimor 2,93d 2,70d 2,11c 2,48c 2,56d TB 3,57 3,15 2,73 3,06 3,13 CV(%) 7,01 5,65 6,82 4,64 6,03 P < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 Ghi chu: Khi so sanh givta cac cong thtic: cac mau tti di kem giong cung mot cot the hien sti khac biet khdng cd y nghia thong ke (p < 0,05) Cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 diidc tai Kon Turn co nang suat trung binh vu dat tii 3,12 - 3,49 tan nhan/ha, cao hdn han so vdi giong doi chiing Catimor chi dat 2,56 tan nhan/ha Trong giong TN9 cho nang suat trung binh cao nhat va on dinh 72 qua cac nam, cac giong lai nam 2018 cung cho nang suat thap hdn cac nam 2016, 2017 va 2019 Nhin chung, cac giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7 va TN9 thich ling tot dieu kien tai Kon Turn, dac biet la giong TN9 cho nang suat cao nhat Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 Bang Nang suat cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 va Catimor tai Lam Dong Giong Nang suat (tan nhan/ la) Vu2016 Vu2017 VU2018 Vu2019 Trung binh TN6 3,59b 4,52c 3,15b 3,78a 3,76b TN7 3,54b 4,69b 3,33a 3,50b 3,77b TN9 3,83a 5,56a 3,00c 3,80a 4,05a Catimor 2,17c 3,21d 2,38d 2,17c 2,48c TB 3,28 4,50 2,97 3,31 3,52 CV (%) 5,13 6,00 4,47 7,00 5,65 < 0,0001 < 0,001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 < 0,0001 P Ghi chu: Khi so sank givta cac cong thiitc: cdc man tU di kem giong ciing mot cot the hien sU khac biet khdng cd y nghia thong ke (p < 0,05) Trong dieu kien Lam Dong, cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 cho nang suat qua cac vu thu hoach rat cao, tren tan nhan/ha, rieng nam 2017 cac giong dat nang suat len tren tan nhan/ha, dac biet giong TN9 cho nang suat len den 5,56 tan nhan/ha Cac giong cho nang suat binh quan vu thu hoach dat tit 3,76 - 4,05 tan nhan/ha, cao hcfn nhieu so vdi giong Catimor co nang suat trung binh chi dat 2,48 tan nhan/ha (P < 0,0001) Bang Nang suat cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 va Catimor tai cac vimg Nang suat (tan nhan/ha) Giong DdkLak Kon Turn Lam Dong Trung binh TN6 3,17 3,12 3,76 3,35 TN7 3,19 3,34 3,77 3,43 TN9 3,22 3,49 4,05 3,59 Catimor 1,89 2,56 2,48 2,31 Trung binh 2,87 3,13 3,52 3,17 Nhin chung, tai cac dia diem Dak Lak, Kon Turn va Lam Dong cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 cho nang suat vao giai doan kinh doanh kha cao va on dinh qua cac nam Dac biet la giong TN9 cho nang suat rat cao tai cac vung trong, tai Lam Dong co nhdng nam giong dat nang suat len den 5,56 tan nhan/ha va nang suat trung binh cac nam dat 4,05 tan nhan/ha Trong vung thi tai Lam Dong cac giong lai TN6, TN7, TN9 cho nang suat trung binh qua cac vu thu hoach dat cao nhat (3,52 tan nhan/ha) va tai Dak Lak cac giong cho nang suat trung binh qua cac vu thu hoach dat thap nhat (2,87 tan nhan/ha) Dieu cho thay ngoai yeu to cham soc thi vung sinh thai cung co quyet dinh mot phan den nang suat cua cac giong lai ca phe che TN6, TN7, TN9 Ben canh nang suat thi chat litqng hat ca phe nhan song cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 cung diipc danh gia va dilqc the hien d bang va bang Bang Khoi lifpng 100 nhan va ty le tiicfi nhan cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 va Catimor tai cac vung Giong Kh6i liiqng 100 nhan (g) Ty le tiiOi nhan DakLdk Kon Turn Lam Dong DdkLdk Kon Turn Ldm Dong TN6 14,9 16,8 16,5 5,5 5,9 5,8 TN7 14,5 17,6 17,3 5,6 5,5 6,3 TN9 14,8 18,2 17,4 5,9 5,6 6,3 Catimor 13,0 17,0 14,6 5,4 5,8 6,4 73 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(727)/2021 Bang Ty le hat tren sang 18 (F =7,15 mm) va 16 (F = 6,3 mm) cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 tai cac vung Ty le hat tren sang 18 (%) Giong TN6 TN7 TN9 Catimor Ty 14 hat tren sang 16 (%) DdkLak Kon Turn Lam Dong DdkLak Kon Turn Lam Dong 8,5 2,8 5,2 2,5 19,3 20,9 25,5 17,2 21,4 16,0 21,2 10,2 71,9 66,0 78,0 74,1 88,3 85,5 89,3 79,2 82,7 81,9 83,2 76,3 Ket qua phan tich cho thay cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 tai cac vung khac deu co khoi lit png 100 nhan cao hon giong Catimor Khoi lUdng 100 nhan cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 tai Dak Lak tUdng dilong nhau, bien dong til 14,5 14,9 g Tai Kon Turn giong TN9 co khoi liipng 100 nhan cao nhat (18,2 g/100 nhan) va giong TN6 co khoi hipng 100 nhan thap nhat (16,8 g/100 nhan) Tai Lam Dong, cac giong TN7, TN9 co khoi hipng 100 nhan kha deu nhau, chi co giong TN6 co khoi liipng 100 nhan thap hcfn va dat 16,5 g/100 nhan Hau het cac lai tai Kon Turn va Lam Dong co khoi liipng 100 nhan cao hon so vPi dope tai Buon Ma Thuot Ty le tUdi/nhan cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 tai Dak Lak bien thien tii 5,5 - 5,9 cao hon giong Catimor la 5,4 Tai Kon Turn va Lam Dong khong co sU chenh lech dang ke ve ty le tUdi/nhan gixia cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 so vPi giong Catimor Dieu chilng to cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 noi co dieu kien it thuan lpi se lam tang ty le tUdi/nhan Cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 tai Kon Turn co ty le tUOi nhan bien dong tii 5,5 - 5,9 va giong Catimor co ty le tUdi/nhan la 5,8 Tai Lam Dong cac giong co ty le tUdi/nhan bien dong th 5,8 - 6,3 va giong Catimor co ty le tUdi/nhan la 6,4 Ty le hat tren sang so 16 va sang so 18 cua cac cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 tai cac vung khong chenh lech nhieu so vPi giong Catimor khoi liipng 100 nhan co nang hdn Day la mot dac diem dang chu y cua cac lai TN6, TN7, TN9 va dieu dupe giai thich nhu sau: Hat giong Catimor co dang bau tron, do co chieu ngang kha 16n mac du khoi lupng hat nhe Ngiipc lai, cac lai TN6, TN7, TN9 co dang hat thuon dai, mac du khoi lupng hat nang hon nhiing ty le hat tren sang 16 va sang 18 v in tildng dUdng vPi giong Catimor Ngoai chat liipng hat ca phe nhan song thi chat liidng thp nem cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 cung diipc danh gia Chat lupng thP nem cac giong ca phe che TN6, TN7, TN9 dupe danh gia rat cao, ca giong co diem lan lUpt la 82,00/100 diem, 81,50/100 diem va 82,75/100 diem theo tieu chuan danh gia cua CQI (Cofee Quality Institute) va giong Catimor dat 75,50/100 diem Cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 dupe danh gia la giong ca phe chat lUpng cao, phuc vu cho san xuat ca phe dac san mot so vung sinh thai dac thii Bang Ket qua thU nem cac giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7, TN9 va Catimor HUdng kho Mui vi Hau vi Vi chua The chat Do haihoa Do dong nhat Do sach Vi ngot Tong the Tong diem TN6 8,25 8,00 8,25 7,50 7,50 7,75 10,00 10,00 7,25 7,50 82,00 TN7 8,00 8,00 7,50 7,50 7,50 7,75 10,00 10,00 7,75 7,50 81,50 TN9 8,25 8,00 7,50 7,75 8,00 7,50 10,00 10,00 8,25 7,50 82,75 Catimor 7,25 7,00 7,00 7,00 6,50 6,75 10,00 10,00 7,00 7,00 75,50 Mau Danh gia bdi: Cong ty Co phan Giam dinh va chiing nhan hang hoa Viet Nam (VCC&C) Qua cac nam theo doi, danh gia kha nang khang benh gi sat tren dong ruong cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 cf tat ca cac diem cho thay chiia co giong nao bi nhiem benh gi sat, day la mot nhflng Uu diem noi bat cua giong Do cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 la nhCing lai dupe chon loc khong nhiing 74 ve sinh trUdng, nang suat ma kha nang khang benh gi sat dupe chu hang dau Trong tat ca cac lai Fj dupe tao thi chi co nhflng lai hoan toan khong bi nhiem benh tren dong ruong cung nhu danh gia benh phong mPi dupe chon loc (Hoang Thanh Tiem va ctv., 2006) Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 Tom lai: Qua danh gia kha nang sinh trifdng, nang suat cung nhii chat lifong ca phe nhan song cho thay cac lai TN6, TN7, TN9 sinh tnicfng tot, cho nang suat cao tai cac vung va chat lifOng ca phe nhan song cung nhii niidc uong diiOc cai thien hdn so vdi giong Catimor Dieu chiing to cac lai TN6, TN7 va TN9 thich ling rang va phu hdp cho cac vung sinh thai ca phe che IV KET LUAN VA DE NGHI 4.1 K etluan Tai cac vung sinh thai khac nhau, cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 cho nang suat cao hon co y nghia so vdi giong Catimor va on dinh qua cac vu thu hoach Nang suat trung binh giong TN6 bien dong th 3,12 - 3,76 tan nhan/ha; giong TN7 bien dong tii 3,19 - 3,77 tan nhan/ha; giong TN9 bien dong tii 3,22 - 4,05 tan nhan/ha va giong Catimor bien dong tii 1,89 - 2,56 tan nhan/ha Trong cung dieu kien canh tac, cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 co chat liiqng hat ca phe nhan song cao hon so vdi giong Catimor Chat lifong thd nem cua cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 diiOc xep vao hang ca phe dac san, co so diem lan liipt la 82,00/100 diem, 81,50/100 diem va 82,75/100 diem theo tieu chuan danh gia cua CQI va giong Catimor dat 75,50/100 diem (J cac vung sinh thai khac cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 chiia bi nhiem benh gi sat 4.2 De nghi Nhan rong mo hinh cac giong ca phe che lai TN6, TN7, TN9 de nhanh chong chuyen giao giong mdi vao san xuat bo sung vao ccf cau giong ca phe che dang han hep nhii hien Phat trien cac giong TN6, TN7, TN9 de san xuat ca phe chat liiqng cao, phuc vu cho phat trien ca phe dac san TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2002.10TCN 527:2002 Tieu chuan nganh ve Quy trinh ky thuat trong, cham soc va thu hoach ca phe che Cue Trong trot, Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT, 2019 Ket qua san xuat, tai canh ca phe va dinh hiidng tai canh thdi gian tofi Trong Hoi nghi tai canh caphegiai doan 2014 - 2020 va dinh hildng tai canh ca phe Lam Dong, thang 10/2019 Dinh Ihi Tieu Oanh, 2016 Nghien cdu chon tao giong ca phe che chat liiqng cao cho cac vung chinh Bao cao tong ket de tai cap bo giai doan 2011 - 2015 I l l trang Hoang Thanh Tiem, Tran Anh Hung, Dinh Thi Nha True, Dinh Thi Tieu Oanh, Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai, ViiOng Phan, Nguyin Thi Mai va Dau Xuan Hiing, 2006 Ket qua nghien cdu chon tao giong va cong nghe nhan giong ca phe che Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong Lam nghiep Tay Nguyen, Dak Lak Gomez, K.A and Gomez, A.A., 1984 Statistical proceduresfor agricultural research, 2ndEd., John Wiley & Sons: 680 pages Evaluation of some models of high quality Arabica coffee varieties TN6, TN7, TN9 Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai, Dinh Thi Tieu Oanh, Lai Thi Phuc, Nguyen Dinh Thoang, Nong Khanh Nuong, Le Van Bon, Le Van Phi, Vu Thi Danh, Tran Thi Bich Ngoc, Hoang Quoc Trung, Nguyen Phuong Thu Huong, Ha Thuc Huyen, Tran Hoang An, Ton That Da Vu Abstract The hybrid Arabica coffee varieties including TN6, TN7, and TN9 had high and stable yield In the growing areas of Dak Lak, Kon Turn and Lam Dong, the average kernel yields of harvests of TN6, TN7 and TN9 varieties were from 3.12 - 3.76; 3.19 - 3.77; 3.22 - 4.05 tons/ha, respectively The yield of these varieties was significantly higher than the control Catimor variety with an average yield from 1.89 to 2.56 tons/ha The TN6, TN7, and TN9 varieties had better quality than the Catimor variety and were classified as specialty coffee According to CQIs evaluation standards, the cupping quality of TN6, TN7, TN9 varieties were 82/100 point, 81.5/100 point and 82.75/100 point, respectively while Catimor variety reached only 75.5/100 point The TN6, TN7, and TN9 varieties had very high resistance to coffee leaf rust Keywords: High quality, hybrid Arabica coffee variety (TN6, TN7, TN9), model Ngay nhan bai: 22/8/2020 Ngay phan bien: 01/9/2020 Ngddi phan bien: TS Tran Vinh Ngay duyet dang: 02/10/2020 75 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2027 KET QUA KHAO NGHIEM VA SAN XUAT THEf GIONG KHOAI LANG MOI KTB5 TAICAC TINH VUNG BAC TRUNG BO Nguyen Dilc Anh1, Pham Van Linh1, Pham The Ciidng1 TOM TAT Giai doan 2017 - 2019, Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep Bac Trung Bo tien hanh khao nghiem, xac dinh bien phap ky thuat va san xuat thd giong khoai lang mdi KTB5 tai vung Bac Trung Bo Ket qua khao nghiem cho thay, giong khoai lang mdi KTB5 co thdi gian sinh tnidng (TGST) til 120 den 130 vu Xuan va 105 - 112 vu Thu Dong, nhiem sau benh hai nhe, nang suat dat tii 16,5 den 26,6 tan/ha, chat liidng tot, ham liidng chat kho tii 28 - 33%, cu luoc an tuoi ngon Ky thuat canh tac giong KTB5 mat 42.000 day, nen phan 10 tan phan chuong + 80 kg N + 40 kg P,0_ + 120 kg K20/ha cho nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao nhat Mo hinh san xuat thd nghiem KTB5 tai cac tinh Nghe An, Ha Tinh va Quang Binh cho nang suat cu tii 22,5 den 25,59 tan/ha, ldi nhuan thu dildc tii 90,6 den 105,1 trieu dong/ha Tii khoa: Giong khoai lang mdi KTB5, khao nghiem, nang suat, chat hidng I D AT VAN D E Hang nam, B ac T ru n g B o san xuat khoai lang khoang 21,9 n ghin h a, chiem 18,57% dien tich khoai lang cu a ca niidc Tuy nhien, nang suat khoai lang chi dat 6,89 tan/ha va bang 59,34% nang suat binh quan cua ca niicic (Tong cue Thong ke, 2019); nang suat thap la san xuat khoai lang nhieu bat cap, nhii thcfi tiet gap nhieu kho khan, giong co tiem nang nang suat thap va giong thoai hoa, bi nhiem benh, ky thuat canh tac chiia diidc cai tao nhieu, Do do, de nang cao nang suat va hieu qua san xuat khoai lang cua vung Bac Trung Bo, viec khao nghiem giong khoai lang mdi, xac dinh bien phap ky thuat phu hop dieu kien cua vung Bac Trung Bo la rat thiet thde n VAT L IE U VAP H l/O N G ph Ap n g h ie n cCfu 2.1.3 Nghien cdu bien p h d p ky thudt (m at d o vd p h a n vo cd) thich hdp gion g K TB5 Trong vu Dong 2018 va Xuan nam 2019 tai Nghe An va Ha Tinh 2.1.4 Xdy dting m o hinh sdn xudt thii gion g k h o lan g mdi Giong KTB5 trien khai vu Xuan nam 2019 tai Tien Thanh - Yen Thanh - Nghe An, Xuan Hai Nghi Xuan - Ha Tinh va Quang Phu - Quang Trach - Quang Binh 2 P h iid n g phdp n g h ie n ciiu - Phiidng phap trien khai va danh gia: + Thi nghiem khao nghiem cd ban, khao nghiem san xuat diidc bo tri theo Pham Chi Thanh (1998), QCVN 01-60:2011/BNNPTNT 2.1.2 K hdo nghiem sdn xudt ede ddng k h o a i m di + Thi nghiem xac dinh ve mat va liidng phan diidc bo tri theo kieu ldn nho (Splip - slot) Nhan to chinh la mdc phan bon (P), tren nen 10 tan phan chuong/ha; PI (40 kg N + 20 kg P2Os + 60 kg K20 ) , P2 (60 kg N + 30 kg P2Os + 90 kg K20 - doi chdng), P3 (80 kg N + 40 kg P2Os + 120 kg K20 ) , P4 (100 kg N + 50 kg P2Os + 150 kg K20 ) va P5 (120 kg N + 60 kg P20 5+ 180 kg K fi) Nhan to phu la mat do, M l: 36.000 day/ha (0,2 x 1,4 m); M2: 39.000 day/ha (D/C; 0,18 x 1,4 m); M3: 42.000 day/ha (0,17 x 1,4 m) (TCVN 12719:2019; Pham Chi Thanh, 1998) Gom B26, KTB5 (A53) va doi chdng (DC) la Chiem Dau; Vu Xuan nam 2018 tai Tien Thanh Yen Thanh - Nghe An va Xuan My - Nghi Xuan H a Tinh + Quy trinh cham soc va cac chi tieu danh gia theo Quy chuan Quoc gia ve Khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sd dung giong khoai lang (Mai Thach Hoanh, 2011; QCVN 01-60:2011/BNNPTNT) V at lieu , th d i g ia n v a d ia d ie m trie n k h 2.1.1 K h a o nghiem cd hdn ede don g gion g k h o a i lang trien vong Vat lieu gom dong giong khoai lang mdi va doi chdng (DC) la Chiem Dau (CD); trien khai Vu Xuan nam 2017 va nam 2018 tai Xuan My - Nghi Xuan - Ha Tinh, vu Dong 2017 tai Vien KHKT Nong nghiep Bac Trung Bo ' Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep Bac Trung Bo 76 Tap chi'Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam-So06(127)/2021 - Phiidng phap xii ly so lieu: So lieu diidc xCi ly theo phan mem Excel va IRRISTAT 5.0 3.1.2 Mute d o sdu h a i va nang sudt cua cdc d o n g gion g k h o a i lang mdi - Bo ha: Bp gay hai cac dong, giong tii mile III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 4,3 - 12,7%, cac dong A71, A89, Chiem 3.1 Khao nghiem cO ban cac dong, giong khoai Iang 3.1.1 Ih d i gian sinh trtidng cua cdc d o n g gion g k h o a i lang m di - Thdi gian sinh triidng (TGST): Trong vu Xuan, cac dong giong khoai lang co TGST tii 115 -119 Con vu Thu Dong, TGST tii 100 - 105 ngay, ngan hon vu Xuan - dau gay hai nang tii 10,7 den 12,7% - Nang suat thiic thu: Cac dong, giong khao nghiem cd ban cho nang suat tii 18,78 - 28,72 tan/ha d vu Xuan 2017 va 2018, tii 12,76 den 16,88 tan/ha d vu Dong 2017 Trong giong KTB5, dat nang suat cao hon doi chutng Chiem dau d mile sai khac co y nghia Bang Thdi gian sinh triidng cua cac dong, giong khoai lang mdi Thdi gian phu kin luong (ngay) Chi tieu TT Giong Thdi gian chin sinh ly (ngay) X-17 D-17 X-18 X-17 D-17 X-18 B26 44 44 44 119 105 114 A60 45 46 45 118 104 115 KTB5 44 47 44 118 104 114 A71 46 45 44 115 102 115 CD (DC) 45 47 45 117 105 117 Ghi chu: X-17: VuXuan 2017, D -17: Vu Dong2017, X-18: VuXudn 2017 Bang Mdc sau hai va nang suat cua cac dong giong khoai lang mdi Bo Chi tieu Nang suat thde thu (tan/ha) (%) TT Giong X-17 D-17 X-18 TB X-17 D-17 X-18 TB B26 0,0 6,1 6,7 4,3 28,72 15,81 25,50 23,34 A60 0,0 11,3 7,3 62 2734 14,90 27,83 23,42 KTB5 0,0 10,0 8,7 62 26,56 16,52 26,33 23,14 A71 15,3 10,0 5,7 10,3 27,91 14,52 27,08 23,17 CD (DC) 12,0 12,7 7,3 10,7 18,78 12,76 16,21 15,92 CV(%) 5,90 7,10 6,50 L^Do,s 3,76 3,32 2,25 Ghi chu: X-17: Vu Xuan 2017, D -17: Vu Dong 2017, X-18: Vu Xuan 2017 3.1.3 Chat Itidng cua cdc don g giong khoai lang mdi Tom lai, khao nghiem cd ban da xac dinh diipc Qua phan tich chat liipng cua cac dong, giong dong giong sinh triidng tot, nhiem sau benh nhe, khoai lang cho thay, dong/giong co ham liipng chat dat nang suat cao va chat liidng tot nhii B26 (23,34 kho cao nhii KTB5 (27,91 - 33,82%); A71 (27,14 - tan/ha), KTB5 (23,14 tan/ha); ham liidng chat kho 31,06%), KTB7 (27,83 - 31,36%) tii 28 - 33,82% 77 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 06(127)/2021 Bang Ket qua phan tich cac dong giong khoai lang ^ \ C h i tieu Ham litong chat kho (%) TT Ham litong ditdng tong so (% CK) Ham litong tinh bot (%) Giong X-17 D-17 X-18 X-17 D-17 X-18 X-17 D-17 X-18 B26 31,86 26,80 31,63 6,80 4,35 3,99 17,60 16,51 21,35 A60 28,64 26,72 33,37 5,10 3,99 4,53 18,99 18,11 26,32 KTB5 30,92 27,91 33,82 5,44 4,73 23,99 19,75 26,85 A71 30,59 27,14 31,06 5,24 4,25 5,58 5,53 21,65 18,74 20,51 CD (DC) 31,83 25,92 30,63 5,60 4,12 3,39 20,03 18,95 29,29 j Ghi chu: X-17: Vu Xudn 2017, D -17: Vu Dong 2017, X-18: Vu Xudn 2017 T ron g vu Xuan, cac giong khao nghiem san xuat tai diem Ha Tlnh va Nghe An co thdi gian sinh tnidng tit 112 den 115 ngay, khong sai khac so vdi 3.2.1 Thdi g ian sitth trtfdng, sau gay hqi ca c gion g Chiem dau k h o a i lan g m d i K e t q u a k h a o n g h ie m san x u a t g io n g k h o a i la n g trie n v o n g Bang Thcfi gian sinh tnidng va sau hai chinh cac dong, giong khoai lang trien vong vu Xuan nam 2018 tai Nghi Xuan - Ha TTnh va Yen Thanh - Nghe An TT Chi tieu Thdi gian sinh tntdng Sau due than (%) Bo (%) Dong, g jo n g ^ "— HT NA HT NA HT NA B26 112 114 0,00 0,00 7,51 6,67 KTB5 (A53) 114 114 0,78 0,00 9,27 8,67 CD(DC) 115 117 1,17 2,33 12,54 7,33 Ghi chu: HT la tai Nghi Xudn - Ha Tinh; NA la tai Yen Thanh - Nghe An Sau hai: Cac giong khao nghiem san xuat tai Nghe An va Ha Tinh vu Xuan 2018 deu bi sau due day, bp gay hai d mute nhe 3.2.2 Nang su at va yeu to cau n a n g su a tcu a cac gion g k h o a i lang - Khoi ldpng cu/o: Tai cac diem khao nghiem san xuat, binh quan khoi lvipng cu/o cua cac giong dao dong tit 32 - 37,3 kg - Nang suat: Trong vu Xuan nam 2018, cac giong tham gia khao nghiem san xuat dat nang suat binh quan tit 22 den 26,61 tan/ha, giong dat nang suat cao KTB5 dat 24,22 tan/ha, cao hctn Chiem dau khoang 6,8 tan/ha Nhit vay, cac giong tham gia khao nghiem san xuat sinh tritdng phat trien tot va cho nang suat tit 23,34 den 24,50 tan/ha, cao hon doi chrfng tit 5,60 - 6,76 tan/ha Trong do, co giong KTB5 sinh tritdng phat trien tot, hinh thai vo tham, ruot vang nhat; nang suat cao va on dinh 3 K e t q u a x a c d in h m a t d o v a litp n g p h a n v o cO th ich h o p v d i g io n g k h o a i la n g K T B Bang Khoi litpng cu va nang suat cua cac giong khoai lang khao nghiem san xuat TT Dong, giong Khoi litpng cu/o (kg) HT B26 32,4 NA 33,0 KTB5 (A53) 37,3 C.Dau (d/c)* 26,5 NSTT (tan/ha) 23,12 30,9 TB 32,7 32,0 CV(%) 8,00 NA 23,55 22,08 16,55 5,30 23,2 24,8 18,92 U d 0,05 2,53 2,95 Ghi chu: HT la tai Nghi Xudn - Ha Tinh; NA la tai Yen Thanh - Nghe An C.Dau (die): Chiem dau (doi chting) 78 HT 26,61 TB 23,34 24,22 17,74 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - 56 06(127)/2021 - Thdi gian sinh triidng: Trong vu Thu Dong nam 2018, thdi gian sinh tnidng cua giong KTB5 dao dong tii 103 den 107 d cac cong thdc khac Vu Xuan nam 2019, giong KTB5 tai Ha Tinh co thdi gian sinh tnidng 124 den 126 va tai Nghe An co thdi gian sinh tnidng dao dong tit 119 - 122 - Nang suat thiic thu: Trong vu Dong 2018 va Xuan 2019, giong KTB5 sinh tnidng tot, dat nang suat cao d mdc sai khac co y nghia la mat M3 (42.000 day/ha) va liidng phan P3 (80 kg N + 40 kg P2Os + 120 kg K20 ) , dat lan liidt la 21,11 va 23,12 tan/ha Bang Thdi gian sinh tnidng va nang suat cua giong khoai lang KTB5 cac mile phan va mat khac tai Ha TTnh va Nghe An vu Thu Dong 2018 va Xuan 2019 Thdi gian sinh tnidng (ngay) MP M2 M3 104 Ml 104 HT 124 125 125 124 M2 104 126 119 123 17,61 18,55 18,64 18,60 M3 104 124 119 122 18,42 19,32 20,54 19,93 Ml 105 124 119 122 16,45 18,76 19,34 19,05 M2 Ml PI P2 P3 P4 P5 Nang suat thtic thu (tan/ha) D18 NA 103 103 MD X19 NA D18 NA HT X19 NA 118 TB 121 13,98 17,89 17,04 119 122 15,68 18,55 17,36 119 122 16,81 18,57 19,10 119 122 15,00 18,50 17,86 17,47 17,96 18,84 18,18 TB 105 125 120 123 19,90 19,31 19,40 19,36 M3 105 125 120 123 21,11 23,17 23,07 23,12 Ml 105 125 120 123 16,13 19,86 19,13 19,50 M2 106 124 120 122 18,27 20,48 21,78 21,13 M3 106 125 121 123 20,14 21,12 22,28 21,70 Ml 107 124 121 123 15,52 20,31 20,00 20,16 M2 107 124 121 123 18,59 21,36 20,89 21,13 M3 106 124 122 123 19,46 22,67 21,74 22,21 5,63 9,31 5,17 CV(%) 1,44 6,30 2,90 LSDo,s Ghi chu: HT la tai Nghi Xuan - Ha Tinh; NA la tai Yen Thanh - Nghe An; Doi chttng la P2M2, D18: vu Dong 2018, X19; vu Xuan 2019 K e t q u a x a y d iin g m o h in h sa n x u a t thvi n g h ie m g io n g k h o a i la n g m d i K T B 3.4.1.C dc chi tieu sinh tnidng p h a t trien va nang sudt cua gion g k h o a i lan g K TB5 - Thdi gian sinh triidng: Vu Xuan 2019, giong KTB5 co thdi gian sinh triidng -1 ngay, ngan hdn giong Chiem dau tii den - Chiu han, sau hai: Trong vu Xuan, giong KTB5 khong anh hiidng bdi nang han (diem 1) Bo gay hai giong binh quan la 2,6 - 3,3%, gay hai Chiem dau nang hdn tii 3,67 - 13,67% Bang Thdi gian sinh triidng, kha nang chiu han, sau hai chinh va nang suat cua giong KTB5 TT Bia diem Chi tieu Nghe An HaTxnh KTB5 Quang Binh C.Dau 129 KTB5 C.Dau KTB5 120 125 126 C.Dau 130 Thdi gian sinh tnidng (ngay) Chiu han (Diem) 123 Bo (%) 3,33 13,67 3,33 3,67 2,6 3,3 Khoi liidng cu/o (kg) 36,36 24,% 31,50 23,70 30,4 22,9 Nang suat thiic thu (tan/ha) 25,97 17,83 22,50 16,90 23,38 16,34 79 Tap chiKhoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam -So 06(127)/2021 - Nang suat: Mo hinh san xuat thu! giong khoai lang KTB5 vu Xuan nam 2019 tai Nghe An, Ha TInh va Quang Binh dat nang suat til 22,50 den 25,59 tan/ha, cao hdn so vdi giong doi chiing Chiem dau til 5,60 den 8,14 tan/ha 3.4.2 H ieu q u a kinh te sdn xu at thvC gion g k h o a i la n g m d iK T B Mo hinh san xuat giong khoai lang mdi KTB5 tai cac dia phildng cho lai thuan til 90,6 - 105,1 trieu dong/ha, ldi nhuan thu dildc cao hdn Chiem dau til 39,2 - 56,5 trieu dong/ha Bang Hieu qua kinh te mo hinh san xuat thil nghiem giong khoai lang KTB5 DVT: trieu dong TT Dia diem trien khai HaTlnh Nghe An Quang Binh Tong chi KTB5 77,4 77,4 77,7 C.Dau* 74(2 74,d2 74,5 Nhan xet chung: Trong vu Xuan nam 2019, mo hinh san xuat thd nghiem giong khoai lang mdi KTB5 tai Nghe An, Ha TInh va Quang Binh cho thay, giong KTB5 sinh trildng tot, bp gay hai mufc nhe, dat nang suat til la 22,50 va 25,59 tan/ha, cho ldi nhuan 90,60 - 105,1 trieu dong/ha Toni»thu KTB5 182,5 169,5 168,3 C.Dau 130,7 113,5 116,6 Lpi nhuan KTB5 105,1 92,1 90,6 C.Dau 56,5 39,2 42,1 trien tot, dat nang suat cao til 22,50 va 25,59 tan/ha, cho ldi nhuan 90,60 - 105,1 trieu dong/ha 4.2 De nghi Tiep tuc hoan thien quy trinh cong nghe va md rong san xuat thd giong khoai lang KTB5 tai viing Bac Trung Bo IV KET LUAN VA DE NGHI TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 4.1 Ketluan - Giong khoai lang KTB5 co TGST til 105 - 112 vu Thu Dong va 120 - 130 d vu Xuan, sinh trildng tot; nhiem sau benh hai nhe; kha nang chiu han kha tot, nang suat dat 16,5 - 26,56 tan/ha; ham lilpng chat kho cu cao (28 - 33%), chat lildng cu ngon - Giong KTB5 d mat 42.000 day va tren nen phan 10 tan phan chuong (hoac phan hQu cd vi sinh tildng dildng) + 80 kg N + 40 kg P2Os + 120 kg K20/ha cho nang suat va hieu qua kinh te cao nhat - Mo hinh san xuat thd giong khoai KTB5 tai Nghe An, Ha Tinh va Quang Binh sinh trildng phat Mai Thach Hoanh, Nguyln Viet Hilng, 2011 Chi tieu danh gia giong va ky thuat cay co cu NXB Nong nghiep Ha Noi QCVN 01-60:2011/BNNPTNT Quy chuan quoc gia ve Khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va set dung giong khoai lang Pham Chi Thanh, 1998 Phitdng phap tht nghiem dong ruong NXB Nong nghiep Ha Noi TCVN 12719:2019 Tieu chuan Quoc gia ve Khao nghiem phan bon cho cay hang nam Tong cue Thong ke, 2019 Dien tkh, sdn lUdng khoai lang phan theo dia phUdng, truy cap 20/08/2020 Dia chi: https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=717 Basic testing and trial production of new sweet potato variety KTB5 in the North Central Vietnam Nguyen Due Anh, Pham Van Linh, Pham The Cuong Abstract Basic testing and trial production and cultivation techniques for new sweet potato variety KTB5 were conducted by the Agricultural Science Institute of Northern Central Vietnam during period of 2017 - 2019 in the North Central region The results of basic testing showed that the KTB5 sweet potato variety had the growth duration from 105 to 112 days in the Winter season and 120 - 130 days in the Spring season; the variety was medium susceptible to pest and disease; good drought tolerant; the root yield reached 16.50 - 26.56 tons/ha; high dry root content (28 - 33%), 80 Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viit Nam - So 06(127)72021 good eating quality The planting density was 42,000 cutings and fertilizer dose was 10 tons of manure + 80 kg N + 40 kg P2Os + 120 kg K20 per and the highest productivity and economic efficiency of KTB5 was recorded at this cultivation technique The results of the trial production of KTB5 varieties in Nghe An, Ha Tinh and Quang Binh had high root yield, varying from 22.50 - 25.59 tons/ha, profits 90.6 - 105.1 million VND/ha Keywords: New sweet potato variety KTB5, testing, yield, quality Ngay nhan bai: 01/9/2020 Ngay phan bien: 15/9/2020 Ngiibi phan bien: TS Nguyen The Yen Ngay duyet dang: 02/10/2020 QUAN LY TONG HOP NGUON DAT, NUOC VA DINH Dl/CfNG CHO SAN XUAT CAY TRONG TREN DAT CAT VUNG DUYEN HAI NAM TRUNG BO Nguyen Thai Thinh11,Do Thanh Nhan1, Hoang Vinh1, Pham Vu Bao1, Ho Huy CiicJng1, Hoang Thi Thai Hoa2, Nguyen Quang Chon3, Do Thi Thanh True3, Surender Mann4, Richard Bell4 TOMtat Vung Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo cua Viet Nam (DHNTB) co khoang 339.000 dat cat vdi dac thu ham Idpng set thap, CEC thap, chua cao, hop chat hdu co thap, kha nang gid nddc va gid phan kem, ngheo kiet dinh diiOng nen nang suat cay rat thap Cac nghien cdu cua dd an ACIAR d vung da xac dinh, dat cat vung DHNTB bi thieu hut mot so loai dinh diidng dien hinh nhii da ldpng, trung ldpng (K, S) va vi Idpng (B, Cu) De bo sung cho sd thieu hut nay, thi can bon bo sung 90 kg K/ha, 30 kg S/ha, 0,25 kg B/ha va 2,5 kg Cu/ha Nham cai tao phan ly hoa tinh cua dat cat, bentonite la mot so cac vat lieu cai tao dat da lam tang kha nang gifit node, tang CEC, giup cho nang suat cay tang ro ret Ap dung cong nghe tiidi rnidc tien tien (tiidi phun miia + mini-pan cho cay lac; tiidi nho giot + mini-pan) da tiet kiem tii 30 - 70% liipng niidc tiidi so vdi phiidng phap tiidi truyen thong cua ngiidi nong dan; lam tang nang suat cay (lac, xoai) tit 12 - 30%, tang hieu qua kinh te tii 20 - 70% Danh gia chat liiOng nguon niidc ngam tai mot so vung ven bien (Ninh Thuan, Phu Yen) cho thay, viec sd dung qua mdc phan bon vo co, ciing vdi chat thai chan nuoi gia sue va each sd dung tiidi tran cho cac loai cay da gay nen tinh trang nhiem nguon nddc ngam Td khoa: ACIAR, dat cat, Duyen hai Nam Trung bo, mini-pan, xoai, lac I DAT VAN DE Viet Nam co khoang 0,5 trieu dat cat, khoang 339.000 (chiem 68%) phan bo d khu vdc ven bien mien Trung (Hoi Khoa hoc Dat Viet Nam, 1996) Cac nghien cdu cua dd an ACIAR td nam 2007 den 2020 tai vung cho thay, dac diem dat cat vung Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo (DHNTB) co phan cd gidi chu yeu la cat (> 90%), ham ldpng set thap, CEC thap, chua cao, hop chat hdu cd thap, kha nang gid nddc kem (Phan, 2011a, b, c; Hoang Thi Thai Hoa va ctv., 2020) Vdi dac diem hau la mua kho keo dai den thang, bde xa mat trdi ldn nen tinh trang kho han tram vao mua kho, mua mda chi cd thang (td thang den thang 12) thddng gay bao lut nghiem Chinh vi vay, san xuat nong nghiep tai vung DHNTB bi thach thde bdi cac han che cua dat cat va hau ede doan nen nang suat cay rat thap Cay chiem du the tren dat cat va phu thuoc vao nguon nddc ngam gom cac loai nhd dieu, xoai, lac va rau Trong cay lua phu thuoc vao nguon nddc mat de tddi Cac nghien cdu cua dd an ACIAR tai vung da chi ra, nang suat cay tren dat 1Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep Duyen hai Nam Trung bo 2Truong Dai hoc Nong Lam, Dai hoc Hue 3Vien Khoa hoc Ky thuat Nong nghiep mien Nam 4Dai hoc Murdoch, Perth, Australia 81 ... nhu mo vo,( 4) noi bi, ( 5) cUPng mo, ( 6) libe sd cap, ( 7) gd sd cap, ( 8) nhu mo ruot Ghi chu: ( 1) Chu bi, ( 2) mo day, ( 3) nhu md, ( 4) ciidng mo, ( 5) libe thd cap, ( 6) go thd cap, ( 7) nhu md ruot... (Hinh 7) Hinh Lat cat ngang qua than sd cap Tho sam (a) va Tho sam ba canh (b) Hinh Lat cat ngang qua than thd cap Tho sam (a) va Tho sam ba canh (b) Ghi chu: ( 1) Bieu bi, ( 2) mo day, ( 3) nhu... vo day hdn Tho sam ba canh (Hinh 6) Hinh Lat cat ngang qua re cu Tho sam (a) va Tho sam ba canh (b) Ghi chu: ( 1) chu bi, ( 2) nhu mo vo, ( 3) libe thii cap, ( 4) tiidng tang, ( 5) go thii cap 39 Tap