TOPIC 6 ECONOMIC REFORMS

TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS 5 TOPIC 6 ECONOMIC REFORMS I FAMILY WORDS 1 Economy (n) Economist (n) Economic (adj) Economical (adj) Economize ( on something) (v) ɪˈkɒnəmi ɪˈkɒnəmɪst ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz One.

1 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS I FAMILY WORDS 10 11 Economy (n) Economist (n) Economic (adj) Economical (adj) Economize ( on something) (v) Commitment (n) cam kết Commit (v) cam kết /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ /ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/ ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkl/ /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/ /kə'mitmənt/ /kəˈmɪt/  One of the most important measures to be taken to promote the development of a country is to constantly carry out economic reforms  We believe that with the strong commitment of our Party and Government to Doi Moi, we will gain greater achievements and build a better life for our people they eliminated government subsidies; they shifted economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic programmes, namely, production of food, production of consumer goods and production of exports The Government expands more opportunities for farmers, and encourages both domestic and foreign private investment It is illegal for anyone under 18 to possess fireworks in a public place Before Doi Moi, inflation was present in all branches of the national economy Eliminate (v) loại bỏ, loại trừ /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ eliminate something from something Elimination (n) loại bỏ elimination (of something) from something expand (v): mở rộng /ɪkˈspænd/ expansion (n) mở rộng /ɪkˈspænʃn/ expanse (n) dải đất rộng /ɪkˈspæns/  illegal (adj): bất hợp pháp #legal (adj) hợp pháp inflation /( n): lạm phát inflate (v) lạm phát inflated (adj) cao mong đợi reform (v) cải cách / (n) cải cách  /ɪˈliːɡl/ /ˈliːɡl/ in'flei∫n/ /ɪnˈfleɪt/ /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/ /ri'fɔ:m/    renovation (n) đổi /,renə'vei∫n/ renovate (v) cải cách/ đổi mới/ /ˈrenəveɪt/ nâng cấp production (n) sản xuất /prəˈdʌkʃn/ product (n) sản phẩm /ˈprɒdʌkt/ produce (v) sản xuất /prəˈdjuːs/ reproduce (v) tái sản xuất /ˌriːprəˈdjuːs/ productivity (n) suất /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ productive (adj) có suất /prəˈdʌktɪv/ achievement (n) thành tựu /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ achieve (v) đạt  Initiation (n) khởi đầu/ đề xướng  /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn/   the Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform, commonly known as “Doi Moi” (Renovation) One of the renovation measures is Opening trade relations with all countries in the world Shifting economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic programs : production of food, production of consumer goods and production of exports We believe that with the strong commitment of our Party and Government to Doi Moi, we will gain greater achievements and build a better life for our people Doi Moi was initiated by the Vietnamese 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS Initiator (n) người khởi đầu initiate (v) khởi đầu, đề xướng efficiently (adv):có hiệu quả, hiệu nghiệm efficient (adj) hiệu # inefficient (adj) efficiency (n) hiệu export (v, n): xuất # import (n,v): nhập /ɪˈnɪʃieɪtə(r)/ /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ /i'fi∫əntli/ industry (n): công nghiệp industrialize (v) cơng nghiệp hóa industrialization (n) cơng nghiệp hóa industrial (adj) thuộc công nghiệp industrious (adj) = hard-working = diligent (adj) agriculture (n): nông nghiệp agricultural (adj) thuộc nông nghiệp agriculturally (adv) agriculturalist (n) nhà nông học develop (v) phát triển development (n) phát triển developed country developing country under-developed country: nước phát triển Inhabit (v) ở/ sống Inhabitant (n) người dân = resident = citizen Habitat (n) môi trường sống Modern (adj) đại = contemporary (adj) Modernization (n) đại hóa Modernize (v) đại hóa= update Reaffirm (v) tái xác nhận Reaffirmation (n) tái xác nhận /ˈɪndəstri/ /ɪnˈdʌstriəlaɪz/ Restructure (v) tái cấu Government /ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪ ˈzeɪʃn/ /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ /ɪnˈdʌstriəs/ /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ 1986  I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis  Since Doi Moi, our country has undergone substantial changes: productivity and agricultural exports have constantly increased The Government has just introduced the policy with regard to future industrial development /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ /ˈekspɔːt/ /ˈɪmpɔːt/ in   farmers have enjoyed land use rights and (have) had greater choice on how to use their agricultural land;  Economic reform is the most important measure to be taken to promote the development of a country  77% of the inhabitants lived in the countryside  The company is investing $9 million to modernize its factories /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ /ˌriːəˈfɜːm/ /ˌriːˌæfəˈmeɪʃn/  /ˌriːˈstrʌktʃə(r)/  The subsequent National Congresses of the Vietnamese Communist Party held in 1991, 1996, and 2001 continued to reaffirm its commitment to Doi Moi, and called for more administrative and economic reforms The aim of Doi Moi was to restructure the economy of Vietnam and to raise the living standards of the people /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəlɪst/ /dɪˈveləp/ /dɪˈveləpmənt/ /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ /ˈhæbɪtæt/ /ˈmɒdn/ /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS Dominate (v) chế ngự/ trội Domination (n) chế ngự Recognize (v) công nhận/ nhận Recognition (n) công nhận Recognizable (adj) dễ nhận Investment (n) đầu tư investment in something Invest in (v) đầu tư drug (n): ma tuý, thuốc drugtaking (n) dụng ma túy drug taker (n) người dụng ma túy Immigrate (v) nhập cư Immigrant (n) dân nhập cư Migrate (v) di cư (tạm thời) Migrant (n) người di trú Emigrate (v) di cư (vĩnh viễn) Emigrant (n) người di cư vĩnh viễn /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪʃn/ /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ /ɪnˈvestmənt/   This country education /drʌg/  He does not smoke or take drugs /ˈɪmɪɡreɪt/ /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/ /maɪˈɡreɪt/ /ˈmaɪɡrənt/ ˈemɪɡreɪt/ /ˈemɪɡrənt/  My grandparents were Italian emigrants who settled in New York in the 1920s  II COLOCATION AND IDIOM: woo foreign investment (v) thu hút đầu /wuː/ tư nước impose restriction on s.th (v) áp đặt hạn /ɪmˈpəʊz /rɪˈstrɪkʃn/ chế với… domestic market (N) thị trường nội địa /dəˈmestɪk/ The economy was under-developed and dominated by traditional agriculture; After so many years she was still instantly recognizable    29 economic liberalization (n) tự hóa /ˌlɪbrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ kinh tế  30 enterprises law (n.p): luật doanh nghiệp /ˈentəpraɪz/ /lɔː/  31 in ruins (idiom): tình trạng hư hại /ˈruːɪn/  32 modernize the economy (v) đại hóa kinh tế State/ government intervention (n) /,intə'ven∫n/ can thiệp nhà nước reaffirm the primacy of the state (v) tái xác nhận vai trò chủ đạo nhà nước subsidy (n) bao cấp/ trợ cấp /'sʌbsidi/ 33 34 35     needs investment in The Government wants to woo more foreign investment The government has agreed to impose restriction on export Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market economic liberalization was carried out by the Government with the aim of the economic development The Government introduced enterprises laws to protect the companies’ right The Prime Minister made speeches on the TV warning them about the drug, but nobody look any notice, and before long the economy of the country was in ruins Unfortunately we lack the resources to modernize the economy We should call for government intervention to save the steel industry It is necessary to reaffirm the primacy of the state Eliminating government subsidies was one of the renovation measures TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS 36 National Congress (n) đại hội toàn quốc  37 living standard = the standard of living (n) điều kiện sống  38  41 42 policy (n) sách /ˈpɒləsi/ open-door policy : sách mở cửa economic reform policy (n) sách cải cách kinh tế construction /kən'strʌk∫n/(n): nghành xây dựng fishery /'fi∫əri/(n): nghề cá, ngành thủy sản forestry /'fɔristri/(n): lâm nghiệp Have a (few) butterflies in the stomach (idiom) lo lắng, bồn chồn Be based on (v) dữa Make a living (v) kiếm sống 43 Out of touch : không nắm bắt thông tin  44 On a massive/ large/ global scale : quy mô lớn Keep the lid on something (v) kiểm sốt  39 40 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 III.PHRASAL VERB: Look down on # look up to Use up : sử dụng hết        Carry on= go on= keep on : tiếp tục Catch on : trở nên phổ biến Compete with/ against someone ( in something) : cạnh tranh với/ thi đấu với Get rid of = remove (v) loại bỏ Keep an eye out for = watch out for : để mắt / ý đến    Keep an eye on someone = take care of    Being aware of this, in December 1986, at its Sixth National Congress, the Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform, commonly known as “Doi Moi” (Renovation) Its aim was to re-structure the national economy and to raise the living standard of the people The company operates a strict nosmoking policy I had butterflies in my stomach as I went to get my exam results The maps are based on satellite data It must be hard to make a living away from home Unfortunately, the people making the decisions are out of touch with the real world They export this produce on a massive scale The government is keeping the lid on inflation We should not look down on any person Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables Carry on until you get to the junction, then turn left He invented a new game, but it never really caught on Small independent bookshops find it difficult to compete with the online stores We got rid of all the old furniture Police have asked residents to keep an eye out for anything suspicious We've asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house 53 54 55 56 57 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS for us while we are away Sales have levelled off after a period of rapid growth The charity relies solely on donations from the public Laziness can result in the failure Level off : chững lại  Rely on = depend on  Result in = cause = lead to= bring about :  dẫn đến Settle down : ổn định songs  When are you going to get married and settle down? Stick to = concentrate on= focus on  Let's stick to the original plan I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others: a major b standard c stagnant d carry a cues b care c coke d cite a health b leader c heavy d measure a structure b subsidy c number d success a renovate b state c private d dominate II Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest: a economic b experience c entertainment d introduction a achievement b communist c constantly d government a heavy b major c program d reform a production b consumer c domestic d business 10 a hospital b inflation c policy d constantly III Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase: 11 Economic reforms are often carried _ to promote the developing of a country a out b on c for d in 12 Being aware _ the importance of economic reforms, the Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform policy a for b at c of d in 13 For more than ten years, we have seen the significant _ in the economy of our country a develop b developments c developers d developed 14 Henry was a studious student He needed no _ to work hard a encourage b encouraging c encouragement d encouraged 15 During the time of economic reforms, the economy has grown _ with only a few major setbacks a constant b constantly c constants d constancy 16 The introduction of appropriate farming practices to Vietnam farmers can help them achieve a higher output a productivity b renovation c guideline d achievement 17 This development project could be of great help to the _ Vietnamese population a major b living c rural d domestic 18 In the South, _ development concentrated on rice cultivation, and nationally, rice and rubber were the main items of export a industrial b agricultural c mining d textile 19 Our new neighbors are quite nice _ they are sometimes talkative a despite b in spite of the fact c though d as though 20 _ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain 6 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS a In spite b Despite c But d Although IV Add although, though, in spite, despite, but, because to complete the following sentences: 21 Ronaldo is in good shape physically he gets a lot of exercise 22 _ of the terrible food, he ate it anyway 23 This letter was delivered even _ it din’t have enough postage 24 Becks ate a large dinner _ he is still hungry 25 I turned on the air conditioner, it is still hot in here IV Find one mistake that needs correcting: 26 The term economic reform refers to policies directing by the government to achieve improvements in economic efficiency 27 Economic reform usually refers to actions of the government to improve efficiency in economy markets 28 Economic reform has dominated Australian economic policy from the early 1980s until the end of the 20th century 29 The goal of Chinese economic reform was to generating sufficient surplus value to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese economy 30 Economic reforms started since 1986 in Vietnam have helped millions of people to be out of poverty and bringing the poverty rate down Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions: 31 the sharp increase in the percentage of children living with single parents that began around 1960 has levelled off and was about the same in 2003 as it had been in 1990 A remained stable B increase slightly C reduce quickly D fluctuated 32 all you need to to get rid of a few butterflies in the stomach is just relax Laughing with, or talking to, others about your stress can help reduce it A, happiness B joyfulness C disappointment D nervousness 33 understanding the need for change is essential for the ability to successfully cope with these challenges A get rid of B focused on C relied on D deal with Mark the letter A, B, C, D on your answer sheet to indicate the word OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following questions: 34 It is only quite recently that the long-lasting and devastating effects of such chemicals on wildlife have come to light A durable B effective C transient D flexible 35 it turned out that they had spent days and nights at Internet cafes, one after the other until their money was used up A run out of B invested C conserved D, consumed 36 as a southerner, he did not want to move north, fearing that he might never settle down in the provinces A inhabit B navigate C colonize D migrate V Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer: Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war Substantial progress was achieved from 1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty 7 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries Vietnam’s membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the USVietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001 have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam’s trade and economic regime Vietnam’s exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003 Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007, following over a decade long negotiation process This should provide ail important boost to the economy and should help to ensure the continuation of liberalizing reforms Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year Vietnamese authorities have tightened monetary and fiscal policies to stem high inflation Hanoi is targeting an economic growth rate of 7.5-8% during the next five years 37 Vietnam’s economy is _ a decreasing b facing crisis c developing d backward 38 According to the text, Vietnam a used to be well-developed before 1986 b Vietnam is still in extreme poverty c could recover from the consequences of the war soon d has been modernizing the economy 39 Vietnam a does not export anything to the US b exported to the US in 2003 twice as much goods as in 2002 c did not export goods to the US in 2002 d did not export goods to the US in 2003 40 The word This refers to _ a Vietnam’s joining the WTO b the WTO c the negotiating process d the Vietnamese economy 41 The word stem has a close meaning to _ a succeed b stop c originate d increase VI Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, beginning with the given words or phrases: 42 It was cold However, James and his friends still went swimming Although 43 Even though his grades were low, he was admitted to college In spite 44 He has a vast fortune Nevertheless, he is unhappy Even 45 They went jogging in the park despite the hot weather Though 46 In spite of the hard work, they enjoyed themselves Although Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks 8 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS Setting up and running a car company was an expensive business and required a lot of workers A company that makes its money out of a smart app requires less capital, doesn't have to pay (47) _ storage or transport in the way that car companies and (48) _ virtually no extra costs as the number of users increases In the jargon of economics, the marginal costs per unit of output tend towards zero and the returns to scale are high This explains why tech entrepreneurs can get very rich very young Technological change has always been (49) _ There was a polarization of income and wealth in the first wave of industrialization at the beginning of the 19 th century, and this gave rise to political and institutional change over the 100 years between 1850 and 1950: the spread of democracy, the emergence of trade unions; progressive taxation and the development of social safety nets These helped create bigger markets for the consumer goods that were spawned by the second Industrial Revolution: TVs, radios, vacuum cleaners and the like (50) _ over the past four decades a political model that both facilitated the spread of technology and provided some protection against its disruptive consequences has come under attack Welfare states have become less generous, levels of longterm unemployment are much higher, taxation has become less progressive, and politics has increasingly been dominated by those with the deepest pockets (51) _ can lobby the loudest 47 A with B for C off D on 48 A give B involve C incur D take 49 A disruptive B disrupt C disruption D disruptively 50 A however B therefore C otherwise D but 51 A what B who C whi ch D that ...2 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS Initiator (n) người khởi đầu initiate (v) khởi đầu, đề xướng efficiently... /dɪˈveləpmənt/ /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ /ˈhæbɪtæt/ /ˈmɒdn/ /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS Dominate (v) chế ngự/ trội Domination (n) chế ngự Recognize (v) công nhận/... primacy of the state Eliminating government subsidies was one of the renovation measures TOPIC 6: ECONOMIC REFORMS 36 National Congress (n) đại hội toàn quốc  37 living standard = the standard of living