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MINISTRY OF FINANCE ACADEMY OF FINANCE THAI LE PHUONG THAO CQ5621CL 02 GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC “ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULT AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL SERVICE JOINT STOCK. I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and effort and that has not been submitted anywhere for any awards. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged. The data and results described in the thesis are come from the actual position of the internship company. Thesis: “Accounting for sales and determining business result at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company”.
MINISTRY OF FINANCE ACADEMY OF FINANCE - - THAI LE PHUONG THAO CQ56/21CL.02 GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: “ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULT AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL SERVICE JOINT STOCK COMPANY” Major : Corporate Accounting Code : 21 Mentor : PhD Thai Ba Cong MSc Nguyen Ba Linh Hanoi – 2022 Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and effort and that has not been submitted anywhere for any awards Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged The data and results described in the thesis are come from the actual position of the internship company Thesis: “Accounting for sales and determining business result at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company” Ha Noi, January 6th, 2022 Student Thai Le Phuong Thao ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao i Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my very great thankfulness to all lectures in Accounting Faculty at Academy of Finance for their professional guidance and valuable support Especially, I would like to show my deep gratitude to my supervisors, PhD Thai Ba Cong and MSc Nguyen Ba Linh, for their patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques during the planning and development of my Graduation Thesis and for his assistance in keeping my progress on schedule I also want to thank Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company for giving me permission to commence this thesis in the first instance, to the necessary research work and to use departmental data I have furthermore to thank the Director and Chief Accountant as well as all seniors at the company who gave and confirmed this permission and encouraged me to go ahead with my thesis Finally, because of the limitation of time and knowledge, mistakes are avoidable, so I wish so receive more contribution and suggestions to make my thesis better ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao ii Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii LIST OF TABLE vii LIST OF FLOWCHART viii LIST OF SCREEN ix LIST OF IMAGE x PREFACE CHAPTER 1: GENERAL THEORY OF ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS IN COMMERCIAL ENTERPRIES 1.1 Concepts and the role of accounting for sales and determining business results in the enterprise 1.1.1 Nature and meaning of sales, determination of business results 1.1.2 Management requirements for sales, determination of business results 1.1.3 The necessity and mission of accounting for sales, determining business results 1.2 General theory of accounting for sales, determining business results in commercial enterprises 1.2.1 Accounting standards applied in sales accounting and in determining business results 1.2.2 Accounting for sales revenue and revenue deduction 10 1.2.3 Accounting for costs of goods sold 15 1.2.4 Accounting for financial income and financial expenses 20 1.2.5 Accounting for selling and administration expenses 22 1.2.6 Accounting for other incomes and other expenses 25 1.2.7 Accounting for corporate income tax expense 27 1.2.8 Accounting for determining business results 29 ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao iii Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance 1.2.9 Present information on financial statements for sales accounting and to determine business results 31 1.3 Management accounting for sales and determining business result 33 1.3.1 Management accounting 33 1.3.2 Management accounting for sales and determining business results 35 1.4 Accounting for sales and business results in terms of accounting software application 41 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 43 CHAPTER 2: THE ACTUAL ACCOUTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL SERVICE JOINT STOCK COMPANY 44 2.1 Overview about Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 44 2.1.1 Establishment and development of the Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 44 2.1.2 Business organizational characteristics of the company 49 2.1.3 Organization and managerial characteristics at the company: 50 2.2 The actual situation of accounting for sales and determining business results at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 64 2.2.1 Actual situation of methods of sales and payment at the company 64 2.2.2 Accounting for sales revenue and revenue deductions 64 2.2.3 Accounting for costs of goods sold 81 2.3.4 Accounting for financial expenses and financial income 87 2.2.5 Accounting for selling and administration expenses 94 2.2.6 Accounting for other incomes and other expenses 101 2.2.7 Accounting for corporate income tax expense 103 2.2.8 Accounting for determining business results 104 ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao iv Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance 2.3 Management accounting for sales and determine business result at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 114 2.3.1 Accounting management organization at the company 114 2.3.2 Accounting management of sales and determining business results 114 2.4 General comments about the accounting for sales and determining business results at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 116 2.4.1 The advantages 116 2.4.2 The disadvantages 118 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 121 CHAPTER PROPOSALS TO IMPROVE ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL SERVICE JOINT STOCK COMPANY 122 3.1 Requirements, principles of perfecting accounting for sales and determining business results at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 122 3.1.1 Requirements 122 3.1.2 Perfecting principles 123 3.2 Some proposals to improve accounting for sales and determining business result at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 123 3.3 Suggestion to improve the efficiency of management accounting for sales in Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 130 CONCLUSION FOR CHAPTER 134 CONCLUSION 135 REFERENCE 136 ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao v Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Full phrase Acc Account CIT Corporate income tax COGS Cost of goods sold JSC Joint Stock Company No Number VAT Value added tax VND Vietnam Dong GDNs Goods dispatch notes ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao vi Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance LIST OF TABLE Table 2.1 - Subsidiary ledger of Account 511 – Revenue (Extract for example) 77 Table 2.1 - Subsidiary ledger of Account 511 – Revenue (Extract for example - continue) 78 Table 2.2 - Voucher Diary No 10 of Account 511 (Extract for example) 78 Table 2.2 - Voucher Diary No 10 of Account 511 (Extract for example continue) 79 Table 2.3 - Ledger Book of Account 511 80 Table 2.4 Subsidiary ledger of Account 521 80 Table 2.5 - Subsidiary ledger of Account 632 (Extract for example) 85 Table 2.6 - Voucher Diary No 10 of Account 632 (Extract for example) 86 Table 2.8 - Subsidiary ledger of Account 635 (Extract for example) 89 Table 2.9 - Ledger Book of Account 635 89 Table 2.10 - Voucher Diary Account 635 (Extract for example) 90 Table 2.11 - Subsidiary Ledger of Account 515 (Extract for example) 93 Table 2.12 - Ledger Book of Account 515 93 Table 2.13 - Subsidiary Ledger of Account 641 (Extract for example) 96 Table 2.14 - Ledger Book of Account 641 97 Table 2.15 - Subsidiary Ledger of Account 642 (Extract for example) 100 Table 2.17 - Subsidiary Ledger of Account 711 101 Table 2.18 - Subsidiary ledger of account 811 102 Table 2.19 - Automatic transferring entries 107 Table 2.20 - Subsidiary Ledger of Account 911 108 Table 2.22 – Balance sheet Quarter 110 Table 2.22 – Balance sheet Quarter (continue) 111 Table 2.22 – Balance Sheet Quarter (continue) 112 Table 2.23 – Statement of income Quarter 113 ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao vii Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance LIST OF FLOWCHART Flowchart 1.1 – Accounting entry for direct sales (for company applying deductible/subtraction VAT method) 12 Flowchart 1.2 – Accounting entry for direct sales (for company applying direct VAT method) 12 Flowchart 1.3 – Accounting entry for sales through agents 13 Flowchart 1.4 – Accounting entry for sales in case of deferred or instalment payment 13 Flowchart 1.5 – Accounting entry for revenue deductions 15 Flowchart 1.6 – Accounting entry for cost of goods sold under perpetual inventory method 18 Flowchart 1.7 – Accounting entry for cost of goods sold under periodic inventory method 19 Flowchart 1.8 – Accounting entry for financial expenses 21 Flowchart 1.9 – Accounting entry for financial incomes 22 Flowchart 1.10 – Accounting entry for selling and administration expenses 24 Flowchart 1.11 – Accounting entry for other expenses 26 Flowchart 1.12 – Accounting for other incomes 27 Flowchart 1.13 – Accounting entry for income tax expenses 28 Flowchart 1.14 – Accounting entry for business result 30 Flowchart 2.1 – Organization of company management 51 Flowchart 2.2 – Accounting system 54 Flowchart 2.3 – Order of bookkeeping in the form of voucher register 59 ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao viii Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance LIST OF SCREEN Screen 2.1 - FAST software interface 61 Screen 2.2 - Screen of list customers encoded 61 Screen 2.3 - Several accounts used in FAST accounting software 62 Screen 2.4 - FAST accounting software screen of subsidiary ledger of account 112 70 Screen 2.5 - The sceen interface of FAST accounting of revenue document 74 Screen 2.6 - The screen inteface of revenue enumeration 74 Screen 2.7 - The interface of FAST accounting of account 3368 75 Screen 2.8 – The screen interface after entering Account 112 76 Screen 2.9 - The interface screen of entering data when calculating cost of goods sold by this method 83 Screen 2.10 - The screen interface of accounting note of Account 635 88 Screen 2.11 - The screen interface of entering data for account 515 92 Screen 2.12 - The screen interface of entering data for account 641 95 Screen 2.13 - The screen interface of entering payment voucher 99 Screen 2.14 - The main screen of when determining results 105 Screen 2.15 - The screen interface of entering accounting year to transfer automatically 105 Screen 2.16 - The screen interface when selecting entries 106 Screen 2.17 - The screen interface when entering data of transferring entries 106 ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao ix Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance cost will be included in the company's financial expenses and is made entry as follows: Debit Account 635: Financial expenses Credit Account 111, 112, 131 Example: For example, the company may consider applying a 20-day loan term to the customer, but if the customer pays 5-10 days early, the company will give the customer a 0.5% discount on the total payment payment amount, early payment from 11-20 days, customers are entitled to 1% discount on the total amount paid A Company purchased goods from Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company on December 19, 2021 with a total payment value of VND 1,000,000,000 The payment deadline is December 31, 2014 But on December 25, 2020, A company transferred the entire payment Thus, A company has paid days early The payment discount that A company is entitled to is: 0.5% x 1,000,000,000 = 5,000,000 VND The amount A company still has to pay: 1,000,000,000 - 5,000,000 = 995,000,000 VND The accountant of the payment discount is as follows: Dr Acc 112: 995,000,000 VND Dr Acc 635: 5,000,000 VND Cr Acc 131: 1,000,000,000 VND Trade discount: The company applies a trade discount to customers who have large orders to encourage goods consumption and increase sales Trade discount is the difference between the selling price and the listed price in the economic contract ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 126 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance Account used is Account 511: Revenue from sales of goods and services provision To reflect the actual trade discount arising in the period, the accounting order is as follows: Debit Account 511: Amount of discount for customer without VAT Debit Account 333: Amount of VAT on the value of discounted goods Credit Account 111,112 Credit Account 131: Receivables from customers *About the accounting books Because accounting is done entirely on software, accountants can enter, check, edit and print data and books at any time In order to ensure the accuracy of the monthly information after checking, for accurate data (at the end of the month), the accountants should print loose-leaf books and store them Accounting books, after being printed out, must be checked and certified by Chief Accountant and BOD before being archived *About the provision for bad debts In fact, not all customers pay immediately or have slow payment, they also pay on time for the company Therefore, in order to be more active in the use of business capital and ensure the prudent principle of the accounting work, it is necessary to make an advance provision for late or irrecoverable debts into administrative expenses in the period In addition, the company has to repay the debt to the customer if the time limit is exceeded but the company gives more time, the customer must bear an interest rate equal to the bank loan interest rate Therefore, the use of Account 2293 "Provision for doubtful debts" is necessary ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 127 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance The Company must have expected bad debts to be accrued from administrative expenses in the payment period This accrued amount is called the allowance for bad debts and is established according to the regulations + The enterprise must estimate the possible loss or overdue age of debts and set up a reserve fund + After setting up the provision for bad debts, the enterprise synthesizes all the provisions for bad debts in a detailed list and records them into administrative management expenses Accounting method of accounting for a number of major operations: At the end of the period, the enterprise, based on the receivable debts, which are determined to be unsure, must calculate the provision for bad debts that need to be set up or reversed + If the bad debt provision to be appropriated in this accounting period is larger than the unused provision for doubtful debts established in the previous accounting period, the larger difference will be recorded into expenses: Dr Acc 642 - Enterprise administrative expenses Cr Acc 2293 - Provision for doubtful debts + If the allowance for bad debts to be set up in this accounting period is smaller than the unused provision for bad debts made in the previous accounting period, the difference will be reversed and recorded as decrease in expenditure Fee: Dr Acc 2293 - Provision for doubtful debts Cr Acc 642 - Administration fee + Bad debts, when determined, really cannot be recovered, they are allowed to write off them The write-off is different from bad debts receivable according to the current financial policy Dr Acc 2293 (If provisions have been completed) ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 128 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance Dr Acc 642 (If no provision is made yet) Cr Acc 131 - Receivable from customers Cr Acc 138 - Other receivables + For bad debts which have been written off, if they are recovered, the actual value of recovered debts shall be recorded as follows: Dr Acc111,112 Cr Acc 711 - Other income + For overdue receivable debts sold at agreed prices, depending on each actual case, the accountant shall record as follows: - In case overdue receivables have not set up a provision for bad debts, the following accounts shall be recorded: Dr Acc 111, 112 Dr Acc 642 - Enterprise administrative expenses Cr Acc 131, 138, 128, 244 - In case overdue receivables have provisions for doubtful debts which have been set up but the amount of provision set up is not enough to offset losses when selling debts, the remaining losses shall be recorded into administrative expenses of enterprises, record: Dr Acc 111, 112 Dr Acc 2293 - Provision for doubtful debts Dr Acc 642 - Enterprise administrative expenses Cr Acc 131, 138, 128, 244 … + For longer debts, the higher the risks occurring and the higher the rate of provisioning will be Therefore, the company should set up appropriate rate for long-term debt appropriately ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 129 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance 3.3 Suggestion to improve the efficiency of management accounting for sales in Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company *About the business solutions Take into account the sudden factors in determining the selling price The price calculation method that the Company is using is based on historical data, data of the previous period Therefore, when there are fluctuations in input prices or labor costs or production overheads, the company will not be able to adjust the appropriate selling price in time but must wait until specific data on changes in selling prices In order to quickly determine the selling price of the product as soon as the market fluctuates, the company needs to have a reasonable valuation method, taking all the following cases: - Market research and analysis to forecast price fluctuations of input materials, labor costs and production costs - Develop models of cost variation ranges - Determining the impact of cost fluctuations on selling prices based on norm data - Combined reference to compare the selling prices of products of the same type on the market Trang Thi Commerical Service Joint Stock Company should perform management accounting for sales deductions The revenue deductions have a significant impact on the business results of the company, so just doing the accounting is not enough Management accounting requires to have detailed figures of deductions for each product, deductions for each customer Thus, in parallel with the preparation of sales reports and reports Business results, accountants need to ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 130 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance make additional reports on product deductions, and report deductions according to customers Use a system of indicators for analysis and evaluation *About business support solutions Trang Thi Commecial Service Joint Stock Company needs to strengthen coordination between the accounting department and other specialized departments A business that wants to function well must have close coordination among departments The accounting department of Trang Thi Commercial Joint Stock Company received help and coordination from other departments in the company during its mission However, due to the different workload and the implementation process, sometimes there is a delay that affects the accounting work and the practice of accounting and management To achieve high efficiency in operation, departments need to make specific plans and inform each other about programs and plans in each period (month, quarter, year) When any data is needed, the accounting department should notify the other departments to facilitate the collection of data fully In contrast, other ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 131 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance departments have to prepare data to provide when required by the accounting department Having a consistent policy on the implementation of management accounting throughout the company Learn the management accounting organization model of countries around the world and apply flexibly to the specific conditions of the company Implement a strict security regime on a computer platform The data transfer between departments, departments should be done by machine, minimizing the intervention of individuals in data transfer This not only makes the transfer process more convenient, but also increases data security * Recommendations to authorities Currently, management accounting has not been widely applied in businesses, partly because they not understand and realize the importance of management accounting Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of this work in the operation of not only the Company but also expand to many other businesses, the authorities should consider the following issues: Building a system of documents guiding the implementation of management accounting: Currently, the Ministry of Finance has only one official document, Circular 53/2006/ TT-BTC guiding the application of management accounting enterprise This document only generalizes the basic contents of management accounting as well as preliminary guidance on the management accounting organization in the enterprise but has not pointed out the specific content Therefore, enterprises are still confused in the process of applying or applying, but not fully, so they cannot promote efficiency Strengthen the dissemination of the content and importance of management accounting, including sales management accounting and determining business results: Many businesses currently not understand ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 132 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance the position and role of accountants management in production and business activities, so the management accounting has not been applied or applied is still sketchy Therefore, the Ministry of Finance can open specialized seminars with the participation of domestic and foreign experts in the field and enterprises to improve understanding of enterprises and expand application management accounting in the business Promote the teaching of management accounting: To put management accounting into practice, we need to pay attention to the management accounting training for students majoring in accounting Management accounting has now been included in the curriculum of a number of universities, but it only stops at providing theoretical knowledge without practical activities Universities can consult the Ministry of Education and Training and relevant ministries to combine with businesses to organize actual or hypothetical management accounting models for students to practice In addition, the textbooks of this subject need to be updated and referenced from foreign documents because the world's management accountants are constantly developing to suit the changing production activities business ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 133 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance CONCLUSION FOR CHAPTER By setting out the limitations of the company's accounting system, bookkeeping, and accounting policies, chapter outlines the need for overcoming limitations, and recommends propose solutions to overcome the limitations as mentioned in the previous chapter Chapter is practical solutions, and also closely follows the latest standards of the Ministry of Finance and updates international standards, thereby helping the Company to become more and more perfect ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 134 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance CONCLUSION Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company, after more than 60 years of development, is increasingly asserting its position in the business field Along with the development of sales operations, accounting for sales and business identification have become extremely important in commercial enterprises Together with the staff of the accounting department, the board of directors and all employees are trying to improve their accounting work further Through my internship at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company, I have partly understood the business model of the Company, understood the current situation of sales work and determined the results in this company There are many shortcomings in the essay due to subjective and objective reasons I hope you give your comments so that your essay can be improved Once again, I would like to thank Phd Thai Ba Cong and MSc Nguyen Ba Linh and the Director, the accounting officer of Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company for helping me complete this graduation thesis Thank you sincerely! Ha Noi, January 6th, 2022 Student Thai Le Phuong Thao ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 135 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance REFERENCE Financial Accounting, Financial Publisher Circular No.200/2014/TT-BT dated December 22th, 2014 of the Ministry of Finance Financial report Year 2021 of Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company Vietnamese accounting standards, Financial Publisher Documents of Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company Business Law Graduation Thesis of previous senior students Website: http://thuvienphapluat https://www.webketoan.vn/ http://ketoanthienung.net/ https://niceaccounting.com/index.html ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 136 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance NHẬN XÉT CỦA ĐƠN VỊ THỰC TẬP Họ tên người nhận xét:…….…………………………………… Chức vụ:…….……………………………………………………… Nhận xét trình thực tập sinh viên: Thái Lê Phương Thảo Khóa: 56 Lớp: CQ56/21CL.02 Đề tài: “Accounting for sales and determining business result at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company” Nội dung nhận xét: Về tinh thần thái độ thực tập sinh viên: Về ý thức kỉ luật, tuân thủ quy định đơn vị thực tập Về kĩ giao tiếp, kĩ mềm Về kiến thức chuyên môn Hà Nội, ngày tháng năm 2022 Người nhận xét (kí tên, đóng dấu) ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 137 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao Academy of Finance 138 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance NHẬN XÉT CỦA NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC Họ tên người hướng dẫn khoa học :…….………………………… Nhận xét trình thực tập tốt nghiệp Sinh viên: Thái Lê Phương Thảo Khóa: 56 Lớp: CQ56/21CL.02 Đề tài: “Accounting for sales and determining business result at Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company” Nội dung nhận xét: Về tinh thần thái độ thực tập sinh viên : Về chất lượng, nội dung luận văn Hà Nội, ngày tháng năm 2022 Người nhận xét Điểm: - Bằng số : - Bằng chữ : ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao (ký tên, đóng dấu) 139 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC Graduation Thesis Academy of Finance NHẬN XÉT CỦA NGƯỜI PHẢN BIỆN Họ tên người phản biện: …….……………………………… Nhận xét trình thực tập tốt nghiệp Sinh viên: Thái Lê Phương Thảo Khóa: 56 Lớp: CQ56/21CL.02 Đề tài:……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… Nội dung nhận xét: ……………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………… Điểm: - Bằng số : - Bằng chữ : Hà Nội, ngày tháng năm 2022 Người nhận xét (ký tên, đóng dấu) ST: Thai Le Phuong Thao 140 Class:CQ56/21.02CLC ... THEORY OF ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS IN COMMERCIAL ENTERPRIES - CHAPTER 2: THE ACTUAL SITUATION OF ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL. .. IMPROVE ACCOUNTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL SERVICE JOINT STOCK COMPANY 122 3.1 Requirements, principles of perfecting accounting for sales and determining. .. ACTUAL ACCOUTING FOR SALES AND DETERMINING BUSINESS RESULTS AT TRANG THI COMMERCIAL SERVICE JOINT STOCK COMPANY 44 2.1 Overview about Trang Thi Commercial Service Joint Stock Company 44