HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS – POLYIMIDES BASED – FROM CHEMISTRY TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Marc Jean Médard Abadie High Performance Polymers – Polyimides Based – From Chemistry to Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2834 Edited by Marc Jean Médard Abadie Contributors C. Aguilar-Lugo, A.L. Perez-Martinez, D. Guzman-Lucero, D. Likhatchev, L. Alexandrova, S. Diaham, M L. Locatelli, R. Khazaka, Evgenia Minko, Petr Sysel, Martin Spergl, Petra Slapakova, Anton Georgiev, Dean Dimov, Erinche Spassova, Jacob Assa, Peter Dineff, Gencho Danev, Shie-Chang Jeng, Shug-June Hwang, Takayuki Ishizaka, Hitoshi Kasai, Guangming Gong, Juntao Wu, Lutang Wang, Nian Fang, Zhaoming Huang, Andreea Irina Barzic, Iuliana Stoica, Camelia Hulubei, Aziz Paşahan, A.A. Périchaud, R.M. Iskakov, Andrey Kurbatov, T. Z. Akhmetov, O.Y. Prokohdko, Irina V. Razumovskaya, Sergey L. Bazhenov, P.Y. Apel, V. Yu. Voytekunas, M.J.M. Abadie Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Marina Jozipovic Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published December, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com High Performance Polymers – Polyimides Based – From Chemistry to Applications, Edited by Marc Jean Médard Abadie p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0899-3 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Chemistry 1 Chapter 1 Polyimides Based on 4-4’-Diaminotriphenylmethane (DA-TPM) 3 C. Aguilar-Lugo, A.L. Perez-Martinez, D. Guzman-Lucero, D. Likhatchev and L. Alexandrova Chapter 2 BPDA-PDA Polyimide: Synthesis, Characterizations, Aging and Semiconductor Device Passivation 15 S. Diaham, M L. Locatelli and R. Khazaka Chapter 3 Hyperbranched Polyimides Prepared from 4,4´,4´´-Triaminotriphenylmethane and Mixed Matrix Materials Based on Them 37 Evgenia Minko, Petr Sysel, Martin Spergl, Petra Slapakova Section 2 Chemical and Physical Properties 63 Chapter 4 Chemical and Physical Properties of Polyimides: Biomedical and Engineering Applications 65 Anton Georgiev, Dean Dimov, Erinche Spassova, Jacob Assa, Peter Dineff and Gencho Danev Section 3 Applications 85 Chapter 5 Controlling the Alignment of Polyimide for Liquid Crystal Devices 87 Shie-Chang Jeng and Shug-June Hwang Chapter 6 Fabrication of Polyimide Porous Nanostructures for Low-k Materials 105 Takayuki Ishizaka and Hitoshi Kasai Chapter 7 Novel Polyimide Materials Produced by Electrospinning 127 Guangming Gong and Juntao Wu VI Contents Chapter 8 Polyimide-Coated Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Humidity Measurements 145 Lutang Wang, Nian Fang and Zhaoming Huang Chapter 9 Semi-Alicyclic Polyimides: Insights into Optical Properties and Morphology Patterning Approaches for Advanced Technologies 167 Andreea Irina Barzic, Iuliana Stoica and Camelia Hulubei Chapter 10 Sensor Applications of Polyimides 199 Aziz Paşahan Chapter 11 Auto-Reparation of Polyimide Film Coatings for Aerospace Applications Challenges & Perspectives 215 A.A. Périchaud, R.M. Iskakov, Andrey Kurbatov, T. Z. Akhmetov, O.Y. Prokohdko, Irina V. Razumovskaya, Sergey L. Bazhenov, P.Y. Apel, V. Yu. Voytekunas and M.J.M. Abadie Preface The term “High Performance Polymers” covers a large number of organic materials. Some consider the thermal stability as a criterion of high performance and consider that polymers are able to sustain long-term service at 180°C and are termed as “High Temperature Polymers”. Others referred to as “Heat Resistant Polymers” whose macromolecular backbone is constituted by alternate moieties of aromatic rings and heterocyclic units which is represented by Polyimides and derivatives. Dr. Cyrus E. Sroog, at E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington DE, was the precursor of high performance organic materials by developing a polymer based on the polycondensation of pyromelitic acid dianhydride and oxydianiline, universally known as the “PMDA-ODA” polyimide. This new concept of “polyheterocyclisation” was at the origin of an impressive series of new high performance polymers. For the last three decades, increasing need in the high technology industries (space, micro and nano electronics, civil transportation, planes, automotive, membranes, fuel cells, etc.) has been the driving force for the development of new polymeric systems and materials combining both thermal mechanical and temperature resistance and also properties others such as lightweight, high corrosion resistance, good wear properties, dimensional stability, low flammability, separation properties, moisture resistance, insulating properties and ability to be transformed with conventional equipment. In fact all these properties were unavailable in conventional materials but may be covered by aromatic and heterocyclic linear and thermosetting resins such as: acetylene terminated resins, bismaleimides, polyetherimides, polyamide-imides, polybenzimidazoles, polyimides, polyetherketones, polyphenylquinoxalines, polyphenylensulfides, polysulfones & derivatives, polystyrylpyridines, fluoropolymers, silicones, etc. The feature of polyimides and other heterocyclic polymers are now well-established and used for long term temperature durability in the range of 250 – 350°C. New structures coming from the chemical modifications of the heterocyclic backbones or from the creation of new architectures are under development for advanced technologies for the future. Some new chemical structures based on Polyimides and different applications are presented. X Preface This book will review synthesis, mechanisms, ultimate properties, physico-chemical properties, processing and applications of such high performance materials needed in advanced technologies. It presents interdisciplinary papers on the state of knowledge of each topic under consideration through a combination of overviews and original unpublished research. The volume contains eleven chapters by 41 authors from 11 countries. The book is divided into three sections as follow: - Chemistry highlighting new chemical architectures – Chapters I to III - Chemical and Physical Properties (Review) – Chapter IV - Applications to : o Liquid Crystal Devices – Chapter V o Low-k – Chapter VI o Polyimides Fibers and Nano-fibers – Chapters VII and VIII o Optical Properties – Chapter IX o Sensors – Chapter X o Self-healing of Films – Chapter XI. I would like to dedicate this book on “High Performance Polymers - Polyimides Based - From Chemistry to Applications” to Professor Alexander L’vovich Russanov known as Shura, and his team from Institute A. N. Nesmeyanov INEOS, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. His contribution to polyheterocyclic polymers is immense by the originality of the chemistry developed and also by the novelty brought to the Polyimide family and derivatives. Shura has been for nearly thirty years my cheerful companion and during this period I was impressed not only by his creative chemistry but also by his sense of humor and his optimism. For sure, the scientific community will miss him, his competence and joviality. Prof. Marc Jean Médard Abadie POLYTECH’ Montpellier - Université Montpellier; ICGM – AIME, France Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science, Singapore . HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS – POLYIMIDES BASED – FROM CHEMISTRY TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Marc Jean Médard Abadie High Performance. hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com High Performance Polymers – Polyimides Based – From Chemistry to Applications, Edited by Marc