CData ++ Plus Structures Third Edition Nell Dale JONES AND BARTLETT COMPUTER SCIENCE TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! CData ++ Plus Structures Third Edition Nell Dale University of Texas, Austin TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! World Headquarters Jones and Bartlett Publishers 40 Tall Pine Drive Sudbury, MA 01776 978-443-5000 info@jbpub.com www.jbpub.com Jones and Bartlett Publishers Canada 2406 Nikanna Road Mississauga, ON L5C 2W6 CANADA Jones and Bartlett Publishers International Barb House, Barb Mews London W6 7PA UK Copyright © 2003 by Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc Cover image © Douglas E Walker / Masterfile All rights reserved No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner Chief Executive Officer: Clayton Jones Chief Operating Officer: Don W Jones, Jr Executive V.P and Publisher: Robert Holland V.P., Design and Production: Anne Spencer V.P., Manufacturing and Inventory Control: Therese Bräuer Editor-in-Chief, College: J Michael Stranz Production Manager: Amy Rose Marketing Manager: Nathan Schultz Associate Production Editor: Karen Ferreira Editorial Assistant: Theresa DiDonato Production Assistant: Jenny McIsaac Cover Design: Night & Day Design Composition: Northeast Compositors, Inc Text Design: Anne Spencer Printing and Binding: Courier Westford Cover Printing: Lehigh Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dale, Nell B C++ plus data structures / Nell Dale.—3rd ed p cm ISBN 0-7637-0481-4 C++ (Computer program language) Data structures (Computer science) I Title QA76.73.C153 D334 2003 005.7’3—dc21 2002034168 This book was typeset in Quark 4.1 on a Macintosh G4 The font families used were Rotis Sans Serif, Rotis Serif, and Prestige Elite The first printing was printed on 45# Highland Book Printed in the United States of America 06 05 04 03 02 10 TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! To Al, my husband and best friend, to our children and our children's children, and to our dogs Maggie and Chrissie, who round out our family N.D TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! Index and unsorted array, 610 TreeType class, 463, 464 true value, 35 try block, 96, 206 try–catch statement, 34, 96, 97 try clause, 96 Two–dimensional arrays, 82–85 application level, 84 implementation level, 84–85 logical level, 82–83 as parameters, 83–84 Two–element subarrays, 608 Type conflicts, 49 typedef statement, 84, 285 TYPE MISMATCH error message, 23 U UML See Unified Modeling Language Unary operators overloading, 358 Undirected graph, 547, 548, 549 complete, 550 Unhandled exceptions, 294 Unified Modeling Language, 4, 13 Union, 571 Unique keys, 124 Unit testing, 35, 44 Universal set, 571 Unsorted array and tree, 610 Unsorted linked list retrieving an item in, 312 Unsorted List ADT, 146, 188, 252, 373 application level, 131–132 implementation level, 132–135 operations specified for, 135–143 specification for, 128–130 Unsorted List ADT algorithms comparison of Sorted List ADT algorithms with, 164–167 Unsorted List ADT as linked data structure implementing, 307–317 | 815 comparing unsorted list implementations, 316–317 and DeleteItem function, 314–315 and InsertItem function, 313 and MakeEmpty function, 310–311 and ResetList and GetNextItem functions, 315–316 and RetrieveItem function, 311–313 Unsorted list implementations comparing, 316–317 Unsorted lists, 124 deleting items in, 141 and implementing priority queues, 532 inserting items in, 189 retrieving items in, 138 UnsortedType class, 143, 147, 309, 589 CRC card for, 128 data members of, 134 Unstructured composite type, 72 UpdateQue function, 253, 254, 259 UpdateServers operation, 252, 259 Usability, User–defined string I/O class case study, 100–116 User errors, 25 using declaration, 99 using directive, 25, 99 V Value passing pointers by, 475 ValueInList function, 436, 438 code for, 410 iterative version of, 433 in midexecution, 410 verifying with Three–Question Method, 411 writing, 408-410 Value parameter, 74, 75 Values splitting, 444, 446 in test plans, 145 Variables lifetime of, 224 TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! 816 | Index Verbs, 18, 64, 173 in real estate listings case study, 173, 174 Verification of program correctness, 28 requirements, 50 research, 28 of software correctness, 19–50 VertexType, 555, 563 Vertex (vertices), 547, 550, 551 indexes of, 567 marking on graphs, 555 V(graph), 563, 564, 567 Virtual functions, 95, 368-373, 392 virtual reserved word, 368 Visual tools, 13–14 Void function, 415 Wait time, 246, 259 formula for, 247 Walk–throughs, 31 of binary search algorithm, 154 of factorial(4), 406 of Factorial function, 426–429 scenario, 173 Weighted graph, 549, 550 WeightIs operation, 568 Well–formed expressions, 200 while statement, 137, 432 White–box testing strategy, 391 Whitespace, 26, 100 Writing detailed specifications, 8–9 recursive functions, 408–411 Z W Waiting lines, 244, 249 Zero, 36 division by, 258 TEAM LinG - Live, Informative, Non-cost and Genuine! ... Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dale, Nell B C+ + plus data structures / Nell Dale.—3rd ed p cm ISBN 0-7637-0481-4 C+ + (Computer program language) Data structures (Computer science) I Title QA76.73 .C1 53 D334... McIsaac Cover Design: Night & Day Design Composition: Northeast Compositors, Inc Text Design: Anne Spencer Printing and Binding: Courier Westford Cover Printing: Lehigh Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication... Inc Cover image © Douglas E Walker / Masterfile All rights reserved No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical,