WWW.EBOOKWORLD.CO.NR Expert one-on-one Oracle This page intentionally left blank Expert one-on-one Oracle Content Introduction 18 What this Book is About .18 Who Should Use this Book? .19 How This Book is Structured .20 Understanding the Database 21 Database Structures and Utilities 22 Performance 23 Advanced SQL Features 23 Extensibility 24 Security 25 Appendices 26 Conventions 26 Source Code and Updates 27 Setting Up 28 Overview 28 The SQL*PLUS Environment 28 Setting up AUTOTRACE in SQL*PLUS 30 C Compilers 32 Coding Conventions 32 Other Issues 33 Chapter 1: Developing Successful Oracle Applications .35 Overview 35 My Approach 36 The Black Box Approach 37 How (and how not) to Develop Database Applications .41 Understanding Oracle Architecture 41 Understanding Concurrency Control 48 Database Independence? 57 How Do I Make it Run Faster? 71 The DBA‐Developer Relationship 73 Summary 74 Chapter 2: Architecture 76 Overview 76 The Server 76 The Files 84 Parameter Files 84 Data Files 87 Temp Files 91 Control Files 91 Redo Log Files 92 Expert one-on-one Oracle Files Wrap‐Up 96 The Memory Structures 97 PGA and UGA 97 SGA 103 Memory Structures Wrap‐Up 115 The Processes 115 Server Processes 116 Background Processes 122 Slave Processes 130 Summary 132 Chapter 3: Locking and Concurrency .133 Overview 133 What are Locks? 133 Locking Issues 136 Lost Updates 136 Blocking 140 Deadlocks 141 Lock Escalation 146 Types of Lock 147 DML Locks 147 DDL Locks 155 Latches and Internal Locks (Enqueues) 159 Manual Locking and User‐Defined Locks 160 What is Concurrency Control? 161 Transaction Isolation Levels 162 READ UNCOMMITTED 163 READ COMMITTED 165 REPEATABLE READ 167 SERIALIZABLE 170 Read‐Only Transactions 172 Summary 173 Chapter 4: Transactions .175 Overview 175 Transaction Control Statements 175 Integrity Constraints and Transactions 182 Bad Transaction Habits .184 Distributed Transactions 191 Redo and Rollback .194 Summary 198 Chapter 5: Redo and Rollback 200 Overview 200 Redo 200 What Does a COMMIT Do? 201 Expert one-on-one Oracle What Does a ROLLBACK Do? 208 How Much Redo Am I Generating? 209 Can I Turn Off Redo Log Generation? 221 Cannot Allocate a New Log? 224 Block Cleanout 226 Log Contention 230 Temporary Tables and Redo/Rollback 232 Analyzing Redo 235 Rollback 236 What Generates the Most/Least Undo? 236 SET TRANSACTION 236 ʹORA‐01555: snapshot too oldʹ 237 Summary 250 Chapter 6: Database Tables 252 Overview 252 Types of Tables 252 Terminology 254 High Water Mark 254 FREELISTS 255 PCTFREE and PCTUSED 258 INITIAL, NEXT, and PCTINCREASE 265 MINEXTENTS and MAXEXTENTS 265 LOGGING and NOLOGGING 266 INITRANS and MAXTRANS 266 Heap Organized Table 266 Index Organized Tables 271 Index Organized Tables Wrap‐up 286 Index Clustered Tables .286 Index Clustered Tables Wrap‐up 295 Hash Cluster Tables 295 Hash Clusters Wrap‐up .306 Nested Tables .306 Nested Tables Syntax 307 Nested Table Storage 317 Nested Tables Wrap‐up 320 Temporary Tables 321 Temporary Table Wrap‐up 329 Object Tables 330 Object Table Wrap‐up 339 Summary 339 Chapter 7: Indexes 341 Overview 341 An Overview of Oracle Indexes 342 Expert one-on-one Oracle adapted from our code. So, while you might have loved the chapters on file handling, donʹt expect too much sympathy if you cripple your company with a routine that deletes the contents of your hard drive, but do tell us if youʹre especially pleased with the routine you developed with our help. How to Tell Us Exactly What You Think We understand that errors can destroy the enjoyment of a book and can cause many wasted and frustrated hours, so we seek to minimize the distress that they can cause. You might just wish to tell us how much you liked or loathed the book in question. Or you might have ideas about how this whole process could be improved. If this is the case, you should e‐mail feedback@wrox.com. Youʹll always find a sympathetic ear, no matter what the problem is. Above all you should remember that we do care about what you have to say and we will do our utmost to act upon it. 1543 Expert one-on-one Oracle All we love is free ebook, Thanks the flyheart. 1544 .. .Expert one- on -one Oracle This page intentionally left blank Expert one- on -one Oracle Content Introduction 18 What this Book is About... 341 An Overview of Oracle Indexes 342 Expert one- on -one Oracle adapted from our code. So, while you might have loved the chapters? ?on? ?file handling, donʹt expect too much sympathy if you cripple your company with a routine that deletes ... What Does a COMMIT Do? 201 Expert one- on -one Oracle What Does a ROLLBACK Do? 208 How Much Redo Am I Generating? 209 Can I Turn Off Redo Log Generation? 221 Cannot Allocate a New Log?