Oracle® Database Day DBA 11g Release (11.1) Part No B28301-02 September 2007 Oracle Database Day DBA 11g Release (11.1) Part No B28301-02 Copyright © 2004, 2007, Oracle All rights reserved Primary Author: Steve Fogel, Janet Stern Contributing Author: Lance Ashdown, David Austin, Craig Foch, Sushil Kumar, Roza Leyderman, Colin McGregor, Antonio Romero, and Douglas Williams Contributor: Bharat Baddepudi, Prasad Bagal, Timothy Chien, Benoit Dageville, Suddip Datta, Kakali Das, Mark Dilman, Prabhaker Gongloor, Shivani Gupta, Balaji Krishnan, Vasudha Krishnaswamy, Rich Long, Venkat Maddali, Matthew McKerley, Gaurav Manglik, Ed Miner, Mughees Minhas, Dheeraj Pandey, Kant Patel, Hanlin Qian, Ravi Rajamani, Bipul Sinha, Mark Townsend, Xiaofang Wang, and Mike Zampiceni The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extent required to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing This document is not warranted to be error-free Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose If the Programs are delivered to the United States Government or anyone licensing or using the Programs on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the Programs, including documentation and technical data, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement, and, to the extent applicable, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights (June 1987) Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065 The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently dangerous applications It shall be the licensee's responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes, and we disclaim liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs Oracle, JD Edwards, PeopleSoft, and Siebel are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners The Programs may provide links to Web sites and access to content, products, and services from third parties Oracle is not responsible for the availability of, or any content provided on, third-party Web sites You bear all risks associated with the use of such content If you choose to purchase any products or services from a third party, the relationship is directly between you and the third party Oracle is not responsible for: (a) the quality of third-party products or services; or (b) fulfilling any of the terms of the agreement with the third party, including delivery of products or services and warranty obligations related to purchased products or services Oracle is not responsible for any loss or damage of any sort that you may incur from dealing with any third party Contents Preface xiii Audience Documentation Accessibility Related Documentation Conventions Introduction About This Guide What This Guide Is Not How to Use This Guide with Related Material About Oracle Database Common Oracle DBA Tasks Tools for Administering the Database xiii xiii xiv xv 1-1 1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-3 Installing Oracle Database and Creating a Database Overview of Installing Oracle Database Software and Creating a Database 2-1 Checking Prerequisites 2-2 Installation Choices 2-2 Basic Installation 2-2 Advanced Installation 2-3 Installing Oracle Database Software 2-5 Using DBCA to Create and Configure a Database 2-8 Starting DBCA 2-9 Creating a Database Using DBCA 2-9 Step - Database Templates 2-10 Step - Database Identification 2-10 Step - Management Options 2-10 Step - Database Credentials 2-10 Step - Storage Options 2-10 Step - Database File Locations 2-11 Step - Recovery Configuration 2-11 Step - Database Content 2-12 Step 10 - Initialization Parameters 2-12 Step 11 - Security Settings 2-15 Step 12 - Automatic Maintenance Tasks 2-15 iii Step 13 - Database Storage Step 14 - Creation Options Changing the Configuration of a Database Using DBCA Deleting a Database Using DBCA Managing Templates with DBCA Advantages of Using Templates Types of Templates DBCA Templates Provided by Oracle Database Creating Templates Using DBCA Deleting DBCA Templates Configuring Automatic Storage Management Using DBCA Installation: Oracle By Example Series 2-15 2-15 2-15 2-15 2-15 2-16 2-16 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-18 2-18 Getting Started with Database Administration Managing Your Database: A Roadmap 3-1 Introduction to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 3-2 Database Management Features 3-2 Database Home Page 3-2 Online Help 3-3 Navigational Features 3-3 Starting and Stopping the Database Control Console Process 3-3 Accessing the Database Home Page 3-4 Access to Database Control for Nonadministrative Users 3-6 Creating Database Control Administrative Users 3-6 Setting Database Control Preferences 3-8 About Database Control Preferences 3-8 Defining Blackout Periods 3-8 Setting Preferred Credentials 3-10 About SQL and SQL-Based Management Tools 3-11 Starting SQL*Plus and Connecting to the Database 3-11 About SQL Developer 3-13 Getting Started with Oracle Enterprise Manager: Oracle By Example Series 3-13 Configuring the Network Environment Understanding Network Configuration Oracle Net Listener Configuration Connect Descriptors Connection Requests Naming Methods Easy Connect Naming Local Naming Directory Naming Tools for Network Configuration Net Configuration Assistant Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle Net Manager Viewing Listener Configuration iv 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-4 4-4 4-4 Starting and Stopping the Listener 4-5 Connecting to an Oracle Database from a Client Computer 4-6 Networking: Oracle By Example Series 4-7 Managing the Oracle Instance Overview of the Oracle Instance and Instance Management 5-1 About Initialization Parameters 5-2 About Background Processes 5-3 About Server and Client Processes 5-4 About Instance Memory Structure 5-4 System Global Area 5-5 Program Global Area 5-5 About Instance Startup and Shutdown 5-6 About Administration Privileges for Startup and Shutdown 5-6 About Instance Startup 5-6 About Instance Shutdown 5-7 Shutting Down and Starting Up the Oracle Instance 5-7 Shutting Down and Starting Up Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 5-8 Shutting Down and Starting Up Using the Windows Services Program 5-9 Viewing and Modifying Initialization Parameters 5-10 Managing Memory 5-12 About Memory Management 5-13 Enabling Automatic Memory Management 5-15 Modifying Memory Settings – Automatic Memory Management 5-16 Modifying Memory Settings – Automatic Shared Memory Management 5-18 Modifying Memory Settings – Automatic PGA Memory Management 5-20 Instances: Oracle By Example Series 5-21 Managing Database Storage Structures About Database Storage Structures 6-1 About Control Files 6-3 About Online Redo Log Files 6-3 About Archived Redo Log Files 6-4 About Rollback Segments 6-5 About Datafiles 6-5 About Tablespaces 6-6 Locally Managed Tablespaces Compared to Dictionary-Managed Tablespaces 6-7 Tablespace Type 6-7 Tablespace Status 6-8 Autoextend Tablespace 6-8 About Other Storage Structures 6-9 Initialization Parameter File 6-9 Password File 6-9 Backup Files 6-10 Viewing Database Storage Structure Information 6-10 Viewing Control File Information 6-10 v T tables adding columns to, 8-12 adding constraints, 8-13 compressed, 8-7 creating, 8-9 deleting, 8-18 deleting columns, 8-13 deleting constraints, 8-15 description, 8-3 loading data into, 8-16 LOB columns, 8-6 modifying attributes, 8-12 modifying constraints, 8-15 partitions, 8-6 retrieving a dropped table, 9-29 viewing data in, 8-8 viewing information about, 8-7 tablespaces autoextend, 6-8, 6-15 autoextend and Oracle Flashback, 6-26 creating, 6-12 description, 6-6 dictionary-managed, 6-7 dropping, 6-18 EXAMPLE, 6-6 extending undo tablespaces, 6-25, 6-26 locally managed, 6-7 modifying, 6-15 offline, 6-8, 6-17 quotas, 7-15 read only, 6-8 read write, 6-8 Segment Advisor, 6-15 SYSAUX, 6-6 SYSTEM, 6-6 TEMP, 6-7 temporary, 6-8 types of, 6-7 UNDOTBS1, 6-7 USERS, 6-7 TEMP tablespace, 6-7 templates creating databases with, 2-10 using with DBCA, 2-15 triggers, 8-27 U undo about, 6-25 advisor, 6-28 managing, 6-25, 6-26 tablespaces, 6-7 viewing, 6-27 Undo Advisor computing minimum undo tablespace size with, 6-28 description, 10-18 setting minimum undo retention period with, 6-28 undo retention period setting with Undo Advisor, 6-28 undo tablespaces autoextend, 6-25, 6-26 changing to fixed-size, 6-30 computing minimum size for fixed-size tablespace, 6-28 description of, 6-7, 6-25 UNDOTBS1 tablespace, 6-7 Unicode description, 2-14 upgrading a database, 12-12 user-defined data types, 8-6 users accounts administrative, 7-4 description, 7-1 administering, 7-9 creating, 7-11 creating by duplication, 7-12 deleting, 7-18 duplicating, 7-12 expiring passwords for, 7-17 locking and unlocking, 7-17 modifying, 7-16 privileges, 7-3 SYSASM, A-3 viewing, 7-10 USERS tablespace, 6-7 V validating schema objects, 8-27 VARCHAR2 data type, 8-4 viewing indexes, 8-20 initialization parameters, 5-10 table data, 8-8 table information, 8-7 users, 7-10 views, 8-24 views deleting, 8-26 description, 8-23 displaying, 8-24 W wizards ASM migration, A-2 Create Blackout, 3-9 database creation, 2-9 incident reporting, 11-3, 11-7 Load Data wizard, 8-16 Patching, 12-5 Quick Packaging, 11-7 Recovery, 9-3, 9-25, 9-30 Schedule Customized Backup, SQL Access Advisor, 10-26 9-15 Index-7 Index-8 ... 2- 15 2- 15 2- 15 2- 15 2- 15 2- 16 2- 16 2- 16 2- 17 2- 18 2- 18 2- 18 Getting Started with Database Administration Managing Your Database: A Roadmap 3-1 Introduction to Oracle Enterprise.. .Oracle Database Day DBA 11g Release (11.1) Part No B28301- 02 Copyright © 20 04, 20 07, Oracle All rights reserved Primary Author: Steve Fogel,... Creating a Database Overview of Installing Oracle Database Software and Creating a Database 2- 1 Checking Prerequisites 2- 2 Installation Choices 2- 2 Basic Installation