NGHIEN ClJfU - TRAO DOI / NGHIEN CUtJ THIET KE vA CHE TAO LO SAY THUOC LA DUNG TRAU VA THAN DA NANG SUAT TAN/ME A STUDY ON TOBACCO LEAVES DRYER WITH TONS/BATCH CAPACITY USING PADDY HUSK AND COAL PGS,TS Nguyin Hay, TS Nguyen Huy Bich, ThS Le Quang Giang Khoa Co - Cong nghe, Truong Dai hpc Nong lam TP H6 Chi Minh TOM T A T Mot nhimg van de nan giai vd quyet dinh hieu qud cua san xuat thuoc Id Id khau so che say Id thuoc Tai Gia Lai, voi han 3500 thuoc lava gan 3000 Id say, hang nam dot chay hon 100.000 m^ cui, tuong duomg khodng 300 rimg bi tan phd hang nam cho viec say Id thuoc Ngodi ra, ket cdu Id say mang tinh tuphdt nen hieu suat nhiet thap, hieu qud say khong cao, vd chat luong thuoc khong dong deu Mot nghien ciru thiet ke vd che tao Id say thuoc Id phu hop nham thay the nhien lieu cui bdng trdu hoac than vd nang cao hieu qud say da duoc thuc hien tienam 2012 den 2014, tai vimg san xuat thuoc la ciia tinh Gia Lai Ket qud nghien cuu chi rang he thong say bdng trdu hoac than da ket hop cHi hodn todn dap img duoc viec say la thuoc vdi chat luong Id thuoc sau say hodn todn dat yeu cdu Lo say mdi giiip giam duoc khodng 19,5% luong nhien lieu say diing trdu vd khodng 35,7% dung than vdcui thay cho diing cui hodn todn Do giup tiet kiem chi phi mua nhien lieu say khodng 1500 dong tren kg thuoc kho hay tucmg duong khodng 33,7% so voi viec sir dung nhien lieu cui dung Id say cU giiip mang lai hieu qud kinh te vd ky thuat cao cho nguoi nong dan thuoc la Hon nira, khong cd su khac biet Ion ve thoi gian say diing cui, diing than hay diing trdu Ket cdu he thong Id say don gidn, cd the che tao tgi dia phuong vd de sir dung TixVihiiSi: Ky thuat sdy, thuoc Id, trdu, cui, than ABSTRACT It seems to be true that the drying technology and techniques for tobacco leaves in tobacco producing is one of the most difficulties and plays as key point to get high economic efliciency Recently, in Gia Lai province, there is more than 3,500 hecta for planting tobacco with around 3000 dryers As a result, there is more than 100,000 cubic meter of wood have been burned for drying which equivalent to more than 300 hecta of forest is dejbrested anually A designing and manufacturing study for new tobacco dryer to replace the wood fuel by paddy-husk or coal-wood and to improve the drying efficiency has been implemented in Gia Lai province during the period from year 2012 to 2014 The results indicate that the new dryer using rice-husk or coal can be replaced for the actual drying system used fire wood with the high quality of tobacco leaves The new dryer system saves more than 19.5% or 35.7% of energy consumption when using paddy husk or coal - wood, respectively Therefore, the fuel cost for drying reduces as the same ratio as about 33.7% comparing with using the old dryers which leads to enhance the drying efficiency Furthermore, the drying time are absolutely the same, the structural component of new dryer is not complicate, easy in operation, and can be manufactured by local manufacturers Keywords: Drying engineering, tobacco, paddy husk, fire-wood, coal TAP CHi CO KHi VIET NAM, 86 nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn ^ NGHIEN C U T U - T R A G D O I DAT VAN DE Cay thu6c la la mot nhumg cay trdng mang lai hieu qua cao cho nong dan Hien ca nuac trfing 39.000 [1] tinh Gia Lai la vung d4t dupe coi la "thii phii" ciia thuoc la voi dien tich hon 3.500 ha, t6ng gia tri mang lai tir cay thu6c la khoang han 500 ty d6ng/nam [2] Mot cong doan kha quan trpng cho viec so ch8 d8 san xuat nguyen lieu cho thudc la la say S4y la qua trinh lam giam lupng am thuoc la xu6ng den miic can thiet de dam bao cho viec bao quan che bien mot thai gian dai Ngoai ra, sSy d6i vai thu6c la lam bien doi mot so chdt la thu6c gop phan nang cao chat lupng thuoc dap ling yeu cau cua khau bao quan va che bi^n Quy trinh va chi dp say thuoc la dupe thuc hien mot each nghiem ngat nhu trinh bay bang 1, nlu khong chSt luong va cac ham lupng cSn thik cua thuoc say se khong dat yeu cau va di nhien san ph4m se phe pham [3-5] Mot khao sat cua chiing toi da cho thay rang, hien nay, nhien lieu dung de say thuoc la tai Gia lai chii y6u la cui Ciii rung la chSt dot "so 1" ciia nhiing 16 sky thudc la Kho co loai cay nao "d6t" cui tan bao nhu cay thu6c la Do do, he luy la rung bi tan pha mot each nghiem trpng Theo tinh toan voi 16 say hien tai, de say tan thuoc la kh6 can ddt khoang 8.5-10 ster ciii [6] tuong ung khoang 21-25 ster/ha (vai nang su4t 2,5 tin / ha) Do d6 viec sSy thuoc la voi quy hoach 5000 tai Gia Lai, lugng cui hang nam can cho sSy thu6c la vao khoang 100.000-130.000 ster/nam, tuong ling vai dien tich riing bi tan pha hang nam vao khoang 300 Voi hang ngan 16 siy thu6c la hien c6 tai Gia Lai, rung bi tan pha nghiem trpng d6 iky ciii sdy thudc la la dieu khong the tranh khoi Vi vay, nghien cuu tim giai phap thay th8 cui viec say thuoc la va van bao dam dupe hieu qua va ch§t luptig la thudc sau s4y la cong viec can thiet va thuc tien Bai bao trinh bay kk qua nghien cuu thiet ke va che tao 16 siy thu6c la dung triu hoac than da ket hpp cui nh^m thay thi cac 16 say dung ciii hien va nang cao hieu qua ky thuat - kinh tk sSy t^o dung su ben viing cho qua trinh san xuat thuoc la tai Gia Lai Bdng L Cdc giai doan vd che sdy Id thudc Gtai doan Chuyen mau 2.Co dinh man 3.Say kho cuong la 4.H61 am Nhiet say (°C) 32-38 39-52 53-65 Moi truong PHirONG PHAP VA PHlTONG TIEN Am a6 la thu6c (%) 86-85 85-50 12 12-14 ThM gian %ky (giir) 24-32 30-40 50-70 12-24 buoc chinh nhu sau: 2.1 Co sir tinh toan thiet ke - Tinh toan qua trinh chay cua nhien lieu sir dung, voi trau phin su dung ctia triu gom HSu het 16 say thuoc la hien d6u su C - 39,79 % ; H'' - 5,23 % ; C* - 38,63 % ; N"" dung he thong ong toa nhiet theo nguyen ly d6i - 0,13 %; S'' - 0,00 % ; A• Tien hanh theo doi true tiep nhiet dp moi truong > Cho thuoc vao 16: Dem so thuoc vao 16, tien hanh chpn ngau nhien 18 dem can va lay gia tri trung binh cho Tii do, tinh dupe tuong doi khoi luong thuoc tuoi vao 16 > Doi voi 16 say thuoc la dot trau: Chpn ngau nhien 15 bao trau dem can va lay gia tri trung binh cho bao, dem so bao trau tieu thu tir tinh dupe khoi luong u i u dimg cho ca me siy > Doi voi 16 say thuoc la dot than da kk hpp ciii: Tien hanh lupng tieu thu cho ca me say > Kiem tra nhiet dp a cac giai doan siy > Kiem fra dac nhiet dp giiia cac ting say va cac vi tri khac tiing ting nhu hinh d6, tinh duac tuong doi kh6i lupng thuoc kho ral6 Viec che tao bp trao doi nhiet ciia 16 say dupe thuc hien theo quy trinh cong nghe che tao rieng re cho cac hp dien hinh Cac ong dupe ch6 tao theo timg mo dun Cac mo dun se dupe han n6i lai true tiep timg 16 say theo diing so d6 thik ke Cac moi ban duac kiem tra tnrc tiep sau dot thu nghiem 16 va nhirng khiem khuyet se dupe khac phuc 2.3 Phwffng tien thirc hien - Mot so thong so dac true tiSp sir diing cac dung cu chuyen dung nhu nhiet k8 biu kho, bau vcat, nhiet ke hong ngoai, dung cu im dp, cac loai can: can ban vai thang 1-30 kg va dpchianhonhat: 0,1 kg; can treo voi thang 1-5 kg va dp chia nho nhat: 0,05 kg, thuoc cupn 5m - Sii dung cac tai lieu va cac phin mim ho trp nhu cac bai bao cong bo, internet, cac phan mem ho trp: Word, Excel, Autocad, Paint K E T QUA VA T H A O LU^N Hinh trinh bay 16 dot triu duoc thi^t kS va che tao sau qua trinh thu nghiem ve dp dong deu chay, dp chay sach, va luong cung cip cho 16 d6t ô5_ô, ã ' * đ •»