Nghiên cứu cải tiến máy kéo kim loại MTS tại trung tâm thí nghiệm thực hành khoa cơ điện và công trình phục vụ đào tạo

Cong nghiep rimg V NGHIEN c t r u CAI TIEN MAY KEO KIM L O ^ MTS T ^ TRUNG TAM THI NGHIfM THV'C HANH KHOA CO B I £ N VA C N G TRINH PHVC VV ©AO TAO Tran Viln Tikng ThS Trudng Bgi hgc Ldm nghiep T6M TAT Vifc tfau nghidm k^o, n^n Id nhQng thf nghifm co b ^ vifc thu nghifm v$t lifu, nhQng thi nghifm oAy mmh ho9 cho nhQng d$c tfnh 6n djnh quan trgng vifc dinh gid cdc v§t li^u B^ b&o gidi thifu nfi dung nghien c(m cdi ti^n m&y k&o n£n kim lo^i MTS hifn c6 t^i Trung t£m thf nghifm - thyc hdnh khoa Co di^n vh Cdng tiinh - Tnijmg D^i hpc L ^ nghiep nhim nfing cao df chfnh xic bing vifc dp dyng phuong phdp lirdng cdc dfii lu^ng khdng difn bing difn vdi s\i trg gidp bllog m&y tinh phyc v\i cho qud trinh gidng d^y vd nghiSn cihi khoa hgc TAr kb6a: Do ludng, kio nin kim logi, MTS I © A T V A N Dfe Hifn nay, cdc nhd trudng, hpc vifn, phdng tiii nghifm, cdc phan vifn nghien ciiu dang sir dyng mpt lupng Idn cdc thilt bj thii nghifm kfio nfin v|it hfu Cdc thilt bi da cd tir ldu va phan ldn khau xir ly sd lieu ludng va ddnh gid kit qua diu rat thu cdng, cd bifu suat vd df chinh xdc khdng cao Tren thi trudng hifn cd nhimg logi mdy thd nghifm kfio nfin vgt lifu thi hf mdi vdi sy hd trp cua may tinh da phdn ndo gidi quylt dupc nfaung kfad khan da nfiu trfin, nhifin gjd thdnh lai rat ddt nen vifc ^ tu mua sdm se g|ip nhilu kfad khan May kfio - nfin MTS tgi Trung tam thi nghifm thyc hdnh - khoa Co dien vd Cdng trinh dupc chi tgo tir nfaiing nam 70 ciia the ky trudc Mdy cd uu dilm Id dp dn dinh ca hgc cao, chat lupng ca hgc tot Tuy nhifin, bp ph§n cam biln va pfadn hiln th; kit qua bdng ca hgc va da qud cii nen ket qud khdng cdn chinh xdc, mft sd bg ph§n da bj hdng khdng the sir dyng dupc Do vgy myc dich nghien cdu ndy Id xay dyng phuang dn thiet ke cdi tifin, lya cfapn dyng cy do, tifin hdnh thi nghifm vd lyc kfio phd buy kim logi thi nghifm Cdc ngi dung nghifin ciiu cy thi nhu sau: - Nghien ciiu xdy dyng phucmg dn thiet ke tdi tiln may kfio nfin kim logi; - N ^ a i cuu tinh todn lya chpn cam bien ^ lyc; - Nghifin Cliu lya chgn thilt hi thu thap, khuylch dgi vd hien tfai tfadng tin; - Lien kit cdc tbilt bi lfin md hinh thi nghifm; - To cfaiic thi nghifm; •- Ghi kit qud sd lifu tfai nghifm; - Danh gid kit qua thi nghifm dgt dupc n vAT UEU, PHU'ONG PHAP NGID£N ciru V^ Hfu tilnfadnhnghien ciiu Id mdy keo nen lfim logi MTS hien cd tgi Trung tdm thi nghiem - tfauc hanh khoa Co difin va Cdng trinh Trudng Dgi hgc Lam nghifp Trong dilu kifn tiln hdnh thi n ^ f m , tdc gid chgn tfailt bi thu thfp, khulcfa dai thdngtindo ludng DMC Plus cpngfadaLien bang Diic sdn xudt Tdc gjd sd dyng phuong p h ^ nghifin ciiu ly Ihuylt dltifinhdnh nghifin ciiu, tinh todn vd lya cfapn ddu lyc, tfaiet bj thu thgp, khuyficfa dgi tfadng tin va hifin thi tfadng tin ludng Ong dung pfauong pfadp ludng cdc dgi lupng kfadng difn bdng difn vdi vifc ung dyng thilt bi ludng DMC plus vd phan mem ludng DMC laplus dl thilt lap pfauong pfadp do, thifit ke quy trinh ludng TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C N G N G H | : LAM NGHI|:P S - 2014 91 Cong ngiiiep rimg cl djnh va gid dd di ddng Trfin gid dd c6 dinh 3X N^iiHi cuu x% dung phiroi^ dn tfai^ ke cat tien cd gin md kep phdi cd djnfa, trfin gid dd di dfng cd gdn md kgp phdi di dfng Gid dd di 3.1.1 Gi&i thipu may liio nda ldm loai MTS t^i dgng cd thi trupt dgc Iheo khung diing nfad bf Trang t ^ Thingbipm tbyec baab - kboa Cff pfadn tryc ren - dai 6c, dai 6c dugc gdn co dinh dipa va Cdag ttinh trfin gia dd di dfng, cdn tryc ren dupc ldp tren cdu tgo CO bdn cua mdy kfio nfin kim logi Id khung mdy Bf pfa§n truyfin dfng cho tryc ren la dpng CO difn pha khung mdy, tren khung mdy cd gid dd K £ T QUA VA THAO LUAN Hinh 01 cdu tpo mdy keo ndn kitn lopi - dimdy; - khung dung; - bdn mdy di d0ng; 4~md k?pphdi di dpng; 5- md k?pphdi tinh; - cdn cd dinh md k^pphdi ttnh - ddng hd dien dp; - ddng hd dO biin dgng; 9- dong hd Iticc keo; 10 - bdng gidy; 11 - bdng diiu khien; 12 - cong tdc nguon NguySn lp ldm vipc: Kfai dpng CO difn ldm vifc, md men xodn tir tryc dfng co qua bp truyen bdnfa rang gidm tdc truyen tdi tryc ren Tryc ren chi cd thfi quay quanh tryc md khdng tinh tiln dupe, do lam dai 6c di chuyen tinh tien theo chilu thdng diing (lfin ho^c xuong) Khi mau dupc kgp chStvdi cac md kgp, gia di dfng dugc kfio xu6ng ldm mau thi 92 nghifm hi dan tdi mgt mirc dp nhat dinfa s5 bj dtiL Mft bf phgn cdm bien co hgc dugc gdn vdo gid dd cita md kgp co dinfa, dd mdy lam vifc, lyc cdm bien ghi nhdn se dupc hien thi tgi ding hi lyc kfio sl (9) Gid hi biln dgng cua mdu ciong dugc ghi nhgn vd hientiijtgi dong hi so (8) Dien bien cua lyc vd biln dgng cung dupe ghi lgi theo thdi gian tren bdng gidy (10) TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C N G N G H $ LAM NGHIEP S - 2014 Cong nghiep rimg 3.1.2 Nghien cira jcfiy d^g phuffng dn thiet Ite cdi tien mdy kdo nen kim logi Can cue v ^ tinh hinh tfaus te cua may keo nen hifn cd tgi trung tam tfai nghifm thyc hdnh Khoa Co difn va Cdng trinh - Trudng Dgi hpc Lam nghifp hifn dd cil, bg ph|in cam biln CO hpc cho kit qud thi nghifm cd df chinh xdc khdng dam bao yfiu cdu nfin tdi tiln hdnh dl xuat 02 phuong an cdi tiln may keo nen kim loai nhu sau: a Phtrffng dn b Phuffng an Hinh 02 Cdc phirffng dn cdi tien mdy kio nin kim lopi 1- mdy keo nen co sd; 2- tr\ic ren di dong; - mdm kep dual; - mdu thi nghidm; - mdm kep tren; - cdm biin lgc; - thiit bi thu thgp, khuich dgi sd li0u; - mdy tinh co cdi ddt phdn mem DMC Laplus Vifc lya chgn phuong an cai tiln phu thudc vdo dieu kien co sd vat chat hifn cd tgi trung tam tfai ngfaifm thyc hdnh khoa Co dien vd Cdng trinh ddm bdo khd thi triin khai phuong dn, gid thdnfa ddu tu tfadp, chdt lupng chuyen mdn cao nhat Cdn cii vao cdctifiuchi lya chpn nhu trfin, dfi tai chpn phuong an de cditifinmdy keo nen 3.2 Nghifin clhi tinh todn l^a chgn cam biln \\fz 3.2.1, Xdc dinh Itfc kio chn thiit di kio ddt mdu thi nghigm Dfi xac djnh lyc keo can thiet ta cd thi tinh todn dya tren logi mau thi nghifm Mdu thi nghiem keo nfin dugc chpn theo quy chuan vdi cdc kich thudc nhu bdn ve: ,F Pi ili' Q Hinh 03 Kd:h thudc cua mdu keo hinh tru Fo - tiet dien ngang cua mdu; lo - chieu ddi phdn tiet di^n kio Lyc kfio cdn thilt dugc tinfa Iheo cdng thiic: P« > Op Fo Trong dd: Pet - lyc kfio cdn thilt dl k ^ diit mau thi nghiem; Fo - difn tich tilt difn ngang cua mSu thi nghifm, vdi mau thi nghifm theo tieu chuan TCVN 197-85 cd dudng kinh d = mm, Fo = 28,26 mm^; Op - tTng suat phd hu^ ciia v$t Ufu; tra bdng co tinh cua cac logi tfaep cacbon D I dam bdo cd thfi kfio dupc nhieu logi thfip khac nhau, ta tiln hdnh chgn loai thep cd ling sudt phafauyldn nhdt dfi tinh todn Chpn mac thfip ldn nhdt la thep 40 Mn2 cdCT^= 870 N/mm^ Vdy lyc keo cdn thiet de keo diit mau till nghifm la: Pet > Op Fo= 24586 N TAP CHI KHOA HQC vA CONG NGH$ L A M NGHIfP S - 2014 93 Cong nghiep ritng 3.2.2 Nghien cmi Itfa chfn Mu io Itfc keo can cil sia kh qua tinh toan luc keo lon nhit keo mau thi n g h i ^ nhu ti6n, ta tien hJnh chon lo^i diu l\rc kio dam bio diSu ki^n sau: \P\>n^„ Trong do; ^ M4 luc dinh mure cila diu lyc keo dupc chpn; n - he s6 an to^ chgn n = 1,5; Pet - Ivc kio cin thiit dS keo dilt mau thi nghiSm tieu chuan, Pa = 24586 N; Thay s6 ta c6: 1^1" "•^' = 36879 N fpl can cit vio ^ J vi can cu vao diSu ki$n thvrc te tai trung tim thi nghiem thvrc hanh khoa Co dien vi c6ng trinh hien c6 m§t s6 loai diu do, tdi chpn cam bien Ivic k ^ Z4 phil hpp nhat v6i y6u ciu dit Cim bien luc Z4 hing HBM Cpng hda Lien bang Que ehe t^o Cam b i ^ Ivrc Z4 lim vifc theo nguyfin ly tenzo, c6 phin til nhay dang cdng son, m^h li m^ch ciu di di$nttd.Cim bien co gidi han li 50 KN Hinh 04 Cam bien to llfcZA 3.3 Nghiin ciiv ^ chgn thiet b | thu th^p, khuynh dai va hien th{ tfaong tin Cd rat nhiiu thiet bi thu th$p, Idiuich d^ thdng tin ludng, dd mSi logi cd mdt uu th6 riSng cua hing sin xuit ndi chung vi thi he miy ndi rieng Trong dieu kien thi nghiem don giin li mdt thdng sd Ivrc k&), tdi tien hinh chpn thiit hi thu thip, khueeh d^i thdng tin ludng DMC Plus.Thiet bi thu thap, khueeh dai thdng tin ludng DMC Plus Cdng hda Lien bang Dure sin xuit Hinh 05 Thiet bj thu thip, khueeh tfi thSng tin to Itrimg BMC Plus ket n6i mdy Hnh 3.4 Lien ket cac thiit b} theo md hinh v i tien hanh thi nghidm 3.4.1 Lap rip cic thiet bj Miy keo kim loai dupc cii tiln d bd phin thu thip vi hien thj s6 li?u, cvi thi: lip nii tiip dau Ivrc gi&a ma kep phdi tinh vdi 94 khung miy Nhu viy Ivrc kdo diH miu thi nghi$m dupc trayin qua lire ki, tir dd thdng qua thiit bj thu thip, khuyich dai s6 lifu trayin vi miy tinh Bing phin mim DMC Laplus ta cd thi xic dinh dupc mii quan hS giiia Ivrc kto vdi thdi gian T ^ CHi KHOA HQC VA C N G NGH? LAM NGHI(:P S - 2014 Cong nghiep rimg klii Hi dug 11 iivctq ku ERnh 06 z4p dpt sff dd thi nghifm theo phuffng an thiet ki 1- mtfy tinh; 2- fdiung dung; - bdn mdy di d0ng; 4-md k^pphoi di d0ng; -md k?pph6i tfnh; - cdn CO dfnh md kep phdi tfnh - ddng hd di$n dp; - ddng hd dg biin dgng; - ddng hd l^rc kio; 10 - bdng gidy; 11 - bdng dieu khien; 12 - cong tdc nguon; 13 - thiet bi thu th^p, khuyech dgi sd li4u DMC Plus; 14 -ddu lgc; 15 - mdu thi nghiim 3.4.2 Tiin hdnh thi nghiim Sau ldp rdp sa dl thi nghifm, chiing tdi tiln hdnh mft sd thi r^hifim kfio mau kim logi tieu chudn tren tfaiet bi mdi dugc cdi tien ffl WK^K^^^^^^^^^^PfT^M^^^ l^^^^l H^^^^^^H|H|^9pH[^H| mnh 07 M0ts6 hinh anh thi nghifm T^ CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH£ LAM NGHEfP S6 - 2014 95 Cong nghiep ri/ng 3.4.3 Kh qui thi nghilm 12,000 1Q:00D 8.000 r ^ G.0OO 2.000 / ^^^ j1 — u r c kio (KN) fflnh 08 So li$u sau luu thdnh file du li?u vd ve Ipi trin excel VI K^TLUAN Sau nghifin ciiu mdy kfio, nfin kim logi MTS hien cd tgi Trung tdm Thi nghifim thyc hdnh khoa Co difn vd Cdng trinh, tdi dd tiln fadnh xay dyng md Mnh thi nghifm vd de xudt 02 phuong dn dfi cdi tiln mdy kfio nfin kim logi nfadm tan dyng tii da co sd vat chdt cd sdn vd ndng cao dp chinfa xdc kit qud tfai nghiem Tiln hdnh tinh todn chgn cam bien lyc va cac thiet bi tfau tfadp, khuylch dgi va hien thi thdng tm cho md hinh thi nghifm dd l$p Da td chiic thi nghifm kfio mft so man kim logi de kifim tra khd nang lam vifc ciia thiet bi sau cdi tiln Thiet hi dd cd thi do, hiln thi vd ghi lgi kit qua kfio mdu kim loai Ket qud cho thdy, bilu dl thi hien mdi quan hf ciia lyc kfio theo tiidi gian phdn dnh diing vdi dgng dl thj theo nghifin Cliu ly thuyfit T A I LI|:U THAM K H A O Nguyin Trpng Hi§p, Nguyin Van lim, Thiit ki chi tiit mdy, Nh4 xuSt ban giao dye, 1999 A.M.Turichm, Do luang cac dgi lugng khdng difn bang di4n t^p I, Nguyin Y T6 djch, Nh^ xuit bSn D?i hpc vd trung hpc chuySn nghiep, 1976 Nguyin Via Li6n, Dinh Trpng B^g, Nguyin Phucmg Thinh, Sue bin vgt li^u, Nh^ xudt bin giSo dye, 2008 RESEARCH ON UPGRADING METAL DRAWING AND COMPRESSING MACHINE MTS AT THE CENTER OF EXPERIMENT AND WORKSHOP IN THE FACULTY OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING Tran Van Tung SUMMARY Drawing and compressing Metai are fundamental tests in material testing These tests mdicate characteristic stability that is essential for material assessment This paper illustrates research on upgrading Metal drawing and compressing machine MTS in order to optimize the accuracy This outstanding is achieved when ^)plying the electric measurements of non-electrical quantities with computer aids, and being catered to die educational process and scientific research Keywords: Compressing machine MTS, measurement of aon-electrical quantities, metal drawing Ngudiphdn bi$m PGS.TS Lfi Van Thdi Ngdy nhdn bdi: 11/02/2014 Ngdy phdn bi$n: 28/02/2014 Ngdy quyit dfnh ddng: 07/3/2014 96 TAP Cffl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH? LAM NGHIEP S6 - 2014 Kinh te & Chinh sach \J M Q T S Y K I E N DANH GIA VE VAI TRO CUA NGANH LAM NGHIEP VIET NAM TRONG NEN KINH TE QUOC D A N Bo Th! Difu ThS Trudng Dgi hgc Ldm nghidp TOM T A T Ldm nghifp Vift Nam Id mft ngdnh kinh tl - Id thu$t c6 v) tri quan trpng nln kinh tl quSc dan Id mft bf ph^n khdng th^ tdch tbi lmh vvtc ndng nghifp vd nfing thdn Ben c^nh d6, lam nghifp cd vai trd song cdn vifc bdo vf mdi trudng cung nhir chdng b i ^ dli h$u Trong nhOng ndm g ^ ddy, ngdnh Ldm nghidp dang cd nfaOng budc tdng trudng ddng kl vd tuong dli todn difn Vdi muc tdng midng ndy, ngdnh LSm nghi^ dang gdp phin ddng k^ vdo tdng tnidng chung cua ngdnh nong nghifp vd phdt trien ndng thdn, vdo t&ag tnidng kinh tl vd gdp philn xod ddi giam nghto, ndng cao ddi sing cua mft bf ph$n ddn cu mi^n nOi cQng nhu nhDng ngudi ldm ngdnh Idm nghifp.Vi vSy, ldm nghifp Vift Nam Id mft nhftng ylu tl quan trpng ddm bdo s\i phdt triin b ^ yttng cQa ddt nudc Tir khda: Kinh ti, L&m nghifp, mdi uar&ng, vai trd, x& hpi LDATVANDfe Riing cd vai trd rdt quan trgng cdng cufc pfadt trifin kinh tl xd hfi vd bdo vf su phdt trien ben vDng mdi trudng ciia moi qudc gia Dgc bift, Vift Nam Id mft qudc gia cd nguin tai nguyfin riing, dat riing khd da dgng va phong phii, phdn bl rfng khdp gdn nhu trfin tdt cd cdc tmh tfadnfa todn qudc Tfaeo so lifu nam 2012, difn tich dat Idm nghifp len tdi 15,4 trifu (chilm 58,5% difin tich ddt ndng nghifp; chiem 46,4% tdng dien ticfa todn qudc), chua kfi hon 2,7 trifu ddt ddi niii chua sii dyng vd mii dd khdng cd rui^ cay Ddy ciing Id noi sinh song cua hon 25 trifiu ngudi, dd cd khodng 12 trifu ddng bdo cdc dan tpc thilu sl cd cufc sing khd khan vd phy thugc vdo rdng Vi vdy, ngdnh lam nghifp cd vai trd ddng kl trong tang trudng chung cua ngdnh ndng nghifp vd phat trien ndng tfadn, ciing nfau ddng gdp vao tang trudng kinfa tl va gdp phan cdi thifn ddi sdng, xda ddi giam ngheo cfao ngudi dan viing niii ciing vdi nfaiing ngudi ldm nghi rimg Ben cgnh dd, ldm nghifp cdn cd vai trd vd cung Idn, dd Id vai trd phdng hp va bdo vf mdi trudng sinh thdi Bdi vi rung cd chiic ndng phdng hg nhu hgn ehl xdi mdn Hi lyt,fagnhan, dieu hda hgu, gidm thilu tilng In Vai trd ndy ngdy cdng quan trgng, Vift Nam Id mgt nudc cd bd biln dai va d}a hinfa die, nfin Vift Nam Id mgt nfaiing quoc gia chiu tdc dpng xdu nhdt cua qud trinh bien doi hdu Vi the, ddnh gid dting vai trd, vi tri ciia ngdnh ldm nghiep va tdng cudng cdng tdc bdo vfi, phat triin rimg la trgng trdch cua ngdnh ldm nghifp khdng chi dli vdi sy phdt triin cua nen kinh tl ddt nudc md cdn la trpng trdch doi vdi cdng tdc chdng bifin ddi kfaifa|luciia quic te Vdi myc dicfa ndy, bdi bdo ldm rd vl vai trd vd nhQng ddng gdp cua ngdnh ldm nghifp nln kinh tl qudc ddn giai dogn hifn nay, d§c bift giai dogn 2006-2010 n PHirofNG PHAP NGHII:N ctitj 2.1 Phuong phdp thu thgp so lifu, tai Ufu Trfin CO sd ndm viing vd vfn dyng quan dilm vat bifn chiing vd v^t Ijch su, quan dilm macxit, tdc gid vgn dyi^ cdc pfauong phdp nghifin ciiu chuyen ngdnh kfit hpp vdi phuong phap Hen ngdnh nhdm dua kit qud ngfaien ciiu mang tinfa kfaoa hgc vd cd dg tin cdy Tai Ufu tdc gid thu thgp chu yeu dya trfin tdi lieu thii cdp Id cdc bdo cdo nghien Cliu, bdo cdo tu vdn, bdo cdo ddnh gia vfi tfayc trgng qudn ly vd san xuat kinfa doanfa lam nghifp, mgt s6 don vi ngdnh Idm nghifp Cdc tdi Hfiu thong ke ve cdc cfai s6 pfadt trifin TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH|: L A M NGHIEP S6 - 2014 97 Kinh te& Chinh sach ngdnh lam nghifp; tai Heu thong kfi vl kit qua diln biln rung cung cdc tai Hfu khdc 2.2 Phirong phdp xur 1^, phdn tich sl lieu Sau tiiu thaptiidngtin, tdc gia vgn dyng phucmg pfadp phan tich tdi lieu (cy thi dung dfi phdn tich nhu phuong phdp phan ti'ch dinh lupng kit hpp vdi phuong phap dinh tinh; Phuong phdp thing ke so sanh) Riing cfing cung cap dgng vgt, thyc vgt phyc vy cfao nfau cdu tieu dimg cua nfaan dan, cung cdp nguyen hfu dl chi biln thyc pham Ngodi rtmg ciing cung cdp dugc lifu qu;? phyc vy cho nhu cdu cfaiia bfnh va ndng cao siic khde cho ngudi Rimg chlnh Id tdi nguyfin qu^ ciia ddt nudc Thu hai: Lam nghifp cd vai trd ldm chiic ndng phdng hg, bdo vf mdi trudng sdng, cdnh HI Ktr QUA NGHIEN CCfU quan van hda xa hpi 3.1 Vai tr5 cua ngdnh Lam nghifp Vdi chtic ndng phdng hf ctia rimg nhu: nln kinh tl quic dan phdng hf ddu ngudn (gitt ddt, gifi nudc, dieu a Vift Nam, lam nghifp la mgt ngdnh kinh hda ddng chay, chdng xdi mdn rda trdi, thodi tl, ky thugt dgc thii nfin cd vai trd quan ti-gng hda ddt, gidm thilu Iii lyt, hgn hdn, gitt nguin phdt tiiln kinh te - xa hfi, phdt triin thdy nang Idn cho cdc nhd mdy thiiy difn), ndng nghifp vd ndng thdn, bdo vf mdi trudng phdng hg ven biln nhu cfadn sdng, chdn gid, sinh thdi vd an ninh quoc phdng cdt bay , phdng fap khu cdng nghifp vd khu Vi vfy, khai nifm vl ldm nghifp da tiing thi, lam sgch khdng khi, difiu hda hau budc dugc dilu chhih, bo sung nhdm xdc djnh Rimg cung gidm thifiu tieng on, tgo mdi tmdng rd phgm vi, chtic ndng cua ngdnh ldm nghifp sinh thai tit cho ngudi Mpt khdi nifm md hifn dang dugc sir dyng Bfin cgnh dd, rung cung cd y nghia biln dd la: "Ldm nghi?p Id ngdnh sdn xudt vgt chdt dQC lgp cda nen ldnh ti guoc ddn cd viec bdo vf khu di tich Uch sir, nang cao gia trj chuc ndng xdy dgng rimg, qudn lp bdo v^ rimg,cdnh quan vd khu du licfa Thu ba Lam nghifp cd vai trd tgo nguin khai thdc lgi dung rimg, ehe bien ldm sdn vd thu nhgp vd gidi quylt cdng dn vifc ldm cho pltdt huy chirc ndng phong hd rdng'^ [lr2;5] nhan dan, ddc biet Id ding bdo vimg trung du Nhu v4y, theo 1^ thuyit, nganh Idm nghifp mien niii dugc xdc dinh Id toan bf nhung hogt dfng gin Vift Nam udc tinh cd khoang 25 trifu ngudi lien vdi sdn xudt hdngfaodvd dicfa vy tii riing dang sdng d vting rimg niii, viing sdu, vitng xa, nhu cdc hogt dgng gdy trdng, khai thdc, van chuyin, sdn xuat, ehe bifin nguyfin Hfu Idm sdn cupc sdng cdn nhieu khd kfaan Tdi nguyfin rimg Id nguon thu nhgp chinh hg Vi vdy, vd cung cdp cdc dich vy mdi tiudng cd lifin ngdnh ldm nghifp cd vai trd quan trgng gdp quan din riing phdn cdi thifn ddi sdng vd xda ddi gidm nghfio Cling theo I^ thuyfit ndy, ngdnh lam nghifp cho ngudi dan viing mien niii sfi cd nhttng vai trd cy thi sau: Ngodi ra, ldm nghifp cdn cd vai trd quan Thd nhdt: Ldm nghifp cd vai trd cung cdp trgng vifc bdo vf an ninh quic phdng ldm sdn, d§c sdn phyc vy cdc nhu cau cua xa cua ddt nudc hfi Riing cung cap ldm sdn; d§c sdn phyc vy 3.2 Thyv tiln ddng gdp cua ng&nb Ldm cho nfau cau tieu dung xd hgi, trudc hit Id g5 nghifp vdo nln kinh te quic ddn vd lam sdn ngodi g5 GS Id san phdm chinh cua 3.2.1 Bdng gdp vi m^t liinh ti cda ngdnh riing, Iudn dupc diing lam dd gia dyng gia dinh nhu tti, giudng, ban ghfi, s^p Trong Lam ngltifp Iheo bdo cdo, GDP ngdnfa ldm nghifp ddng sdn xuat, g5 cdn dupc diing ldm nguyfin Hfu gdp vdo nln kinh te quoc dan khdng cao, dao gidy, difim, ehl tao cdng cy sdn xudt, xay dyng dfng khodng 1% tong GDP quic gia nhd xudng TAP CHi KHOA HQC vA C N G N G H E L A M N G H I $ P S Q - 2014 Kinh te& Chinh sach Trfin ly thuyit, tdng sdn pham frong nudc cua ng^nh Ldm nghifp Id chi tifiu tiling ke tdng hpp phdn dnh gia tri hang hda vd dicfa vu mdi tgo cua nganfa Lam nghifpfrongrapttfadi 1^ nhdt dinh Tuy nfaien, ciing can nhin nhfn kfadcfa quan, GDP cua ngdnh ldm nghifp ddng gdp vdo nln kmh tl quic dan khdng chi cd 1% Bdi vi, ti If ndy mdi phdn dnh sd Hfu ve sy ddng gdp cita ngdnh ldm nghifp d pfadn dogn fring va khai thdc Iam sdn thd ma chua tinh din chi biln, kinh doanfa xuat nhgp khdu vd dicfa vu mdi tmdng Trong dd, gid tri kinh tl tii vifc kinh doanh xudt nh|p khdu lam sdn vd tu dich vy mdi tmdng rimg khdng nhd Song nhilu ndm nay, ddng gdp ndy chua dupc tmh vao frong ting sdn phdm cda ngdnh v l ting kim ngach xuat khdu hdng hda lam nghifp, nam (tii nam 2005 din 2009), dd tiiu dugc 11.203 tiifu USD Trong dd, sdn pfaam go Id 8.226 hieu USD, bdng 74% tong kun nggch thdi ky ndy, g5 nguyen lifu dgt 2.057 frifu USD bdng 18% yd sdn phdm khdc dgt 920 tiifu USD bdng 8% ting kun nggch xuat khdu [trl61;2] Vdi sy phdt trien nay, dd dua Vift Nam len vi tri mdt qudc gia cd tenfrfinbdn dl xudt khdu hang hda ldm nghifp Ddng thdi, chdng td, ddng gdp ciia cfae bienfrongnganh lam nghifp khdng he nhd nhung chua dupc tinh GDP cua ngdnh Cach tinh nhu vay la chua ddy dti Cimg nhu vgy, gid trj kinh tl cita cdng nghifp ehl biln ldm sdn giai dogn 2005-2009 cimg cfaua dugc tinfa vdo frong ting sdn phdm ciia nganh Tdng gid tri sdn xuat cdng nghifp ehe biln ldm san ndm (2005-2009) theo gia tiiyc tl Id 348.969 ty VND vd gid tri ndy ludn dting top nhihig ngdnh cdng nghifp cd miic tdng cao nhdt [trl59; 2] Ve gid tri kinh tl ttt dich vy mdi trudng rttng Chinfa sdch mdi ciia chlnh phii ve chi trd dich vu mdi tmdng rimg (PES) Id mpt frong nhungfaudngdi quanfrpngdli vdi ngdnh Lam nghifp Ddy Id chinh sdch dau tien ve ldm nghifp coi vifc bao vf, phdt trien rimg, bdo ton cdc hf sinh thdi rimg, da dgng sinh hpc vd cdnh quan thien nhien cua riing Id cdc dich vy Tmh dintiidng2 ndm 2010, cd 7/7 don vi Id cdc CO sd sdn xudt thtiy difn da tfaycfaifnvifc Ba ndm frd lai day, xuat khdu go va sdn chi trd dicfa vy mdi tmdng riing ndm 2009 vdi phdm go tdng nhanh va ddng gdp ddng kl so tien 234,421 ty dong Trong gid tri ciia dicfa frong nln kmh te Nam 2010, so vdi ndm 2009, vy mfii tmdng, d nhilu tinh cd rimg, gid tri xudt khdu g6 vd sdn phdm gS dd tdng tdi 31,2% kinfa te tfau dupc tic du Iich sinh thdi dang ngdy vl dgt sl 3,4 ty USD cdng tdng, ddng gdp mft phan nhat dinh vdo Ndm 2011, ting gid tri xudt khdu gd va sdn nguon thu ttt rimg cho tinfa pham gS cita cd ndm dgt 3,9 ty USD, tdng so Din 2013, cd nudc cd 38 thih thdnh lap Ban vdi ciing ky la 13,4% chi dgo triin khm chinh sdch chi fra DVMTR Ndm 2012, gid tri xuat khdu go vd sdn pham Dfin ngdy 24/11/2013, cd nudc ddtiiutilncfai trd dicfa vy DVMTR dugc 999 ty ddng, frong dd: go ndm 2012 dgt 4,68 t^ USD, tdng 18,5% so Quy Tnmg uong thu 835 t^ ding, cdc Quy tinh vdi cimg kJ' ndm trade tiiu dugc gdn 164 ty ding [trS: 1] Den ndm 2013, tdng kim nggch xudt khdu Nhu vgy, cd thi thdy, GDP ciia ngdnh ldm gS vd sdn pham gdtifiptyc tdng, udc dgt 5,1 ty nghifp cd thi se cdn vugt xa tl If 1% nhu cdch USD, tdng 18,6% so vdi ke hogch, 9,4% so vdi ndm 2012 Sdn phdm lam san ngoai go (may, tinh hifn tai Tren thuc tl, gid tii ddy du ciia fre, cdi, thdm ) dgt 224 tiifu USD, nfaien cdc ddng gdp ngdnfa ldm ngfaifp mang lgi cd tfae len tdi 4-5% GDP quic gia Hon ntta, ddng chi dgt 74,6 kl hogch, gidm 11,1% so vdi nam gdp kinh tfi ttt cdc dich vy mdi tmdng rimg nfau 2012 [tr3:l] T ^ CHi KHOA HQC vA CONG NGH|: L A M NGHIfP S6 - 2014 99 Kinh te& Chinh sacli bdo ve viing dau ngudn,faapthy cdc bon va du Hch sinh thdi dang tang lfin mgt cdch ddng kl Vi vdy, cdn cd cdch tihh chinh xdc hon cho GDP ngdnh lam ngfaifp tiwng tdng GDP cd nudc ciing nhu gia tri sdn xuat cua ngdnh 3.2.2 Bdng gop vi m^t xa b^i cua nganh lam agbi$p Ddng gdp cua nganh ldm nghifp vfi mat xa hgi chinh Id nganh dd gdp mot phan quan trgng vdo cdng cudc xda ddi giam nghfio va phdt trien kinh te ndng nghifp, ndng thdn miln nui Hifn nay, udc tmh cd khodngfaon25 trifu ngudi dang sdng d viing rimg niii viing sdu, viing xa, dd cd 12 trifu ddng bdo cdc ddn tpc thieu so, cd trinh dp dan tri thdp, phuang thtic canh tdc lgc hfu, kinfa tl chgm phdt trifin vd ddi song cdn nhifiu khd khdn Ddng thdi, theo dieu tra nam 2011 cd 150,1 nghin lao dpng frong ngdnh Tdi nguyfin rimg Id nguon thu nhfip chinh cua hp Vi vgy, nganh ldm nghifp cdn cd vai ttd quan ttgng gdp phdn cdi thifn ddi sing vd xda ddi giam nghfio cho ngudi ddn vimg mii vd nhiing ngudi ldm nghe rimg Cimg chinh ldm nghifp gdp pfadn ddy mgnfa sy phdt trifin ciia ndng thdn, mien niii Theo dieu tta ty If ngudi nghfio todn quic cho thdy ty If ngudi ngheo gidm mgt cdch ddng ke ttt 19,5% (2004) xydng 14,5% (2008) Ty If ngudi ngheo d cdc vimg cd nhiluriingdd gidm di ro rft Viing trung du vd miln mii phia Bdc tii 38,3% xuing 33,1%, vttng Bdc Trung Bf vd Duyfin hdi Nam Trung Bf ttt 25,9% xuong 18,4% vd Tdy Nguyfin tir 33,1% xuing 24,1% Nganh Iam nghiep la dli tac quan ttpng gdp phdn ttong nS lyc ndy vi thdng qua giao rttng vd ddt Iam nghifp, tgo vifc ldm, tang thu nhgp Cy thi la da giao 3,3 trifu riing cho cdc faf gia dmh, khoan bdo vf trifu rimg, tgo vifc Idm cho 4,7 trifu ngudi, chiem 4,3% ddn sl cd nudc thdng qua thdng qua Du an 661 (giai dogn 2006-2010) Ve thu nhgp, so ngudi tfau nhgp ttt rttng chilm dudi 25% trfin tong tiiu nfalip 2,9 tiifu ngudi, tu 25-50% la 1,2 tiifu ngudi,ti-fin50% Id 0,57 tiifu ngudi [tr86; 2] 100 3.2.3 Bdng gdp cua ngdnh ldm nghifp ve moi tnrdng sinh thdi Viet Nam ndm ttong vttng nhift ddi gifi mua, ndm ttdi ddi ven biln nfin Vift Nam ludn phdi ddi mdt vdi nhifiu thifin tai, bdo gid Hon ntta vdi dia hinh die va chia cat nfin rimg cang cd vai ttd quan ttgng ttong phdng hf, bdo vf mdi tmdng sinh thdi Theo ddnh gid, ty If ddt cd riing ehe phtt cua mft qudc gia Id cfai tieu an ninh mdi tmdng quan ttgng d Vifit Nam hifn udc tInh difn tich ddt cd rttng cd khd ndng ddm bdo an todn mdi tmdng chiem 30-33% tdng difn tich ty nhifin [tr39; 2] Vdi difn tich rimg nhu d Viet Nam ndy, kha ndng dilu fada kfadng khi, hdp thy carbon dioxide (CO2) Id thudn lpi ldn Theo tinh todn rimg mua nhift ddi d Vift Nam cd mttc hdp tiiu CO2 khodng 150 tan/ha/i^m, phdt 110 tan oxy/ha/nam, tgo 40 tdn/faa/nam chdt hihi ca[tr39;2] Bfin cgnh do, Vift Nam cd cdc ddi rimg nggp man ty nhifin va ttong rimg tot se cd khd nang phdngfadven bifin, sfi ngan ch|in de dieu bi vd, ngdn chgn syt Id dat Dong thdi, theo dy bao, ttdi dat ngdy cdng ndng lfin, nfin vai tt6 ctta rimg ngdy cdng quan ttgng ttong vifc gidm thieu vd thich iing vdi biln ddi hilu Vi vay, vifc khdi phyc rimg ngdp iri^n ven biln Id nhifm vy quan ttgng vd cd ^ ngbia ldn ttong nganh ldm nghifp 3.3 Mft s6 y kien dl xudt - Vai ttd ctia Iam nghifp ttong nln kinh tl qudc ddn vl mat 1^ thuyit co bdn dd dupc thing nhat, hodn chinh Tuy nhifin,ttfinthyc tl each danh gid GDP ctia ngdnfa nfau hifn cdn nhilu hgn chfi Nhu dd pfadn tich d ttfin, theo each tuih todn hifn tgi GDP ngdnh Lam nghifp mdi chi la ngdnh sdn xuat gS vd ldm sdn thd (thfm chi ciing chua tinh diing lugng go va Idm sdn ngodi gS (LSNG) sdn xuat cua cac thdnh phdn kmh tl nhat Id kfau vyc faf gia TAP CHI KHOA HQC vA CONG NGH? LAM NGHI|:P S6 - 2014 Kinh te& Chinh sach fflnh vd tu nfadn), ma chua tinh den gid tri ctia khdu chi bifin kinfa doanh vd dicfa vy mdi tiudng rttng Dilu ndy, se ldm anh hudng din cacfa nhin nhdn, ddnh gid vl vai ttd ctta ngdnh Ldm nghifp cung nhu anfa faudng din chinh sach dau tu, phdt triin lam nghifp Vi v^y, vdn cd till tilp ti^ tiiong ke GDP ngdnh lam ngfaifp thuan tiiy nhu hifn nay, dl tiling ke khdng trung lgp gjua cdc ngdnfa Tuy nhifin, can thay doi cdch tmh vd tinh toan GDP tong hpp cho tttng ngdnh ndng, Idm, thuy sdn cung bao gom ddy du cdc hogt dpng sdn xuat, cfae biln, kinfa doanfa, xudt nhgp khdu va dich vy dl thdy hit vai ttd ctta ngdnh Idm nghifp - Vdi vai ttd ctta Idm nghifp dli vdi xd hfi, ddc bift ttong cdng tdc xda ddi gidm nghfio Nhihig ndm gdn ddy, myc tifiu xda ddi gidm nghfio dang dgt nhilu kit qud tot, ti If ngudi ngheo da gidm nhieu ttong gjai dogn 2006-2010 d cdc tinh cd nhilu rimg vd gidm nhieu nhat d cac tinh miln mii phia Bdc (7,7%), Tay Nguyfin (7%) Mgt so vimg kfadc cd ti If gidm ngfafio chdm hon Vi vgy, dl tfayc hifn tdt myc tifiu xda ddi gidm nghfio md ldm nghifp Id mft ttong tdc nfadn quan ttpng thi ddi hdi sy phdi hpp ctia cdc Ban, ngdnh, dia phuong vd nfadn dan, d ^ bift Id can cd chinh sdch tich cyc ddi vdi pfadt trien ldm nghifp - Vai ttd ciia rimg ttong bdo vf mdi tmdng la rd rdng Vi v^y, ttong thdi gian tdi can ndng cao chat lugng rimg tu nhifin vd riing ttong dfi bdo ddm vai ttd phdng fap mdi trudng, nfadm gidm thieu cdc tdc dfng ciia bien ddi hau vd d ^ fing nfau cau gd vd LSNG cfao nln kinh tl quoc ddn IV K^T LUAN Qua nghien cfiu cd the khdng dinh lgi: Ldm nghifp la mft ngdnh sdn xuat vgt chdt dac bift, cd vai ttd quan ttpng ttpng nln kinh tl qudc dan Sdn phdm ttt rttng khdng chi ddng gdp gid tri to ldn ve kinh tfi cho nln kinh te nhu cung cap nguin thyc phdm, ddc sdn phyc vy nhu cdu tifiu dimg ciia nhdn dan, hay cung cap cac dugc Ueu quy phyc vy cho sfic kfadc Cdc sdn phdm ttt rung, ddc bifit gd cd gia tri kinh tl ldn xudt nhap khdu Ddng thdi, gid tri kinh tl ttt rttng mang lgi hifn dang ngdy cdng tdng, chinh la tii dich vy mdi tmdng rimg nhu du ljch sinh tfadi Cdc hogt dgng tii riing cimg tgo vifc lam, giup cai thifn ddi sdng cua nhdn ddn vung miln mii, vimg sau, viing xa, gdp phan xda ddi gidm ngheo vttng ndng thdn, mien niii Ngoai ra, Iam nghifp cd vai trd quanfrpngtrong vifc pfadng hp, bdo vf mdi tmdng, chong bien ^ i h$u va ddm bdo sy an ninh qudc gia Tuy nhien, cdn tfaay dli cdch tinh toan vl nfaiing ddng gdp cua ngdnh doi vdi nln kinfa tl quoc gia de ttt dd xdc dinh chinh sach cy thi,tichcyc dl hS trg phdt trifin lam nghifp, phu hpp vdi myctifiupfadt tiiln ben viing ddt nudc T A I lApJ THAM K H A O Bf Ndng nghidp vd PTNT (2013), "Bdo cdo k^t qua ihtfc hifn chi ti€u kl ho^ch ngdnh ndm 2013, nhi^m v\i tr^ng ldm ndm 2014 lihh v\ic Ldm nghifp" Ting Cyc Ldm nghidp, Bdo cdo Tong kit ngdnh Nong nghifp vd PTNT ndm 2013 Bf Ndng nghifp vd PTNT (2010), Bdo cdo tiin dp 2006-2010, "Chien lugc phdt tri&i Ldm n^i§p Vift Nam" Chlnh phu (2007), Chien lupc phdt triin ldm nghifp Vi$t Nam giai dogn 2006-2020, Ban hdnh kdm theo Quylt djnh sl 18/2007/Qd-Ttg ngdy 05/3/2007 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu Nguyen Minh Tuf, Lfi Thdng (£}lng chu bien) (2012), Bia lp Nong - Ldm - Thuj/ sdn Vi$t Nam, Nhd xuat bdn D^i hpc Su ph^m Hd Nfi Nguyin N ^ a Bien vd cdc c^ng s\f (2002), Kinh ti ldm nghidp, Nxb Ndng nghifp, Hd Nfi, Ting cyc Thong kS (2012), Nien gidm thong ke nam 2011, Nhd xak bdn Thing k6, Hd Nfi Ting Cyc Thing k$ (2012), Kit qud tong diiu tra Nong thong Nong nghi4p vd Thuy sdn nam 2011, Nhd xudt ban Thing ke, Hd Nfi Thong cdo bdo chi Tmh hinh kinh te - xa hdi ndm 2013, Tfing Cyc thong kfi T ^ CHf KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH? L A M NGHI|:P S - 2014 101 Kinh te& Chinh sach SOME APPRECIATION OF THE ROLES OF VIETNAM'S FORESTRY IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY Do Thi Dieu SUMMARY Viemam's forestiy is a crucial technical and economic sector in the national economy, and is an inseparate component in agricultural and rural sphere Moreover, it is playing increasing vital roles in the career of environmental protection and improvement against climate change Economically, it has achieved a relatively high and comprehensive growth in recent years With the annually increase, forestry itself has made remarkable contributions not only in agricultural and rural development, but also in poverty alleviation, and improvement of living standard of ethnic compatriots, and forestry labors in mountainous rural areas It is considered as a key factor ensuring the country's sustainable development This paper provides the audiences the comprehensive roles and contributions of Vietnam's forestry sector under the historical lens, which never or insufficiently regarded in other technical, economic, or social researches Keywords: Economic, environmental, forestry, social, roles Ngudiphdn biin: PGS.TS NguySn Van Tudn Ngdy nhdn bdi: 02/3/2014 Ngdy phdn bi$n: 03/3/2014 Ngdy quyit dinh ddng: 07/3/2014 102 T ^ c m KHOA HQC VA C N G NGHf LAM NGHI|:P S6 - 2014 ... nfin kim logi MTS hien cd tgi Trung tdm Thi nghifim thyc hdnh khoa Co difn vd Cdng trinh, tdi dd tiln fadnh xay dyng md Mnh thi nghifm vd de xudt 02 phuong dn dfi cdi tiln mdy kfio nfin kim logi... ngheo d cdc vimg cd nhiluriingdd gidm di ro rft Viing trung du vd miln mii phia Bdc tii 38,3% xuing 33,1%, vttng Bdc Trung Bf vd Duyfin hdi Nam Trung Bf ttt 25,9% xuong 18,4% vd Tdy Nguyfin tir 33,1%... tiln hdnh dl xuat 02 phuong an cdi tiln may keo nen kim loai nhu sau: a Phtrffng dn b Phuffng an Hinh 02 Cdc phirffng dn cdi tien mdy kio nin kim lopi 1- mdy keo nen co sd; 2- tr\ic ren di dong;